Kia ako tātou mō ngā mate o te retina i roto i tētahi huarahi māmā!

He rite ō tātou kanohi ki ngā kohatu utu nui. Mā ēnei kanohi e rua tātou e āwhina ki te kite i ngā mea ataahua o tēnei ao, arā, ko ō tātou whanaunga. Nō reira, he wāhanga tino uaua, he wāhanga tino nui hoki o ēnei kanohi, e kiia nei e tātou ko te retina . Whakaarohia, he rite tana mahi ki te kiriata o tētahi kāmera tawhito i roto i te kanohi. Koinei te mea e hanga ana i ngā whakaahua mai i te mārama e tomo ana ki te kanohi, ka tukuna atu ki te roro. Nō reira, i tēnei rā ka kōrero tātou mō ngā mate ka puta i roto i tēnei retina utu nui, arā, '(Ngā Mate Retina)'.

He aha ngā mate o te retina? He aha te mahi a ō kanohi?

He māmā noa iho, ko ngā mate o te retina he momo āhuatanga e pā ana ki te kiriuhi tino ngawari kei muri o tō kanohi, arā, tō retina.

Titiro mai, he mīharo te mahi a ō tātou kanohi.

1. Tuatahi, ka tomo te mārama mai i waho ki te kanohi mā te wāhanga mārama kei mua o te kanohi, arā, te cornea .

2. Kātahi ka haere te mārama mā roto i te kōhao iti i waenganui o te ārisa, arā, te puāwai . Koia te take ka iti ake te ārisa o te kanohi i te mārama kanapa, ka nui ake i te mārama pōuri.

3. Muri iho, ka arotahi tika te karu arotahi o roto i te kanohi i tēnei mārama ki te retina, pērā i te whakamahi i te karāhe whakanui hei arotahi i te mārama ki te wāhi kotahi.

Ko tō retina he wāhi e noho ana ngā miriona pūtau tino motuhake. Ko ēnei pūtau te hunga e huri ana i te mārama e tomo ana ki tō kanohi hei tohu hiko. Kātahi ka haere ēnei tohu mā roto i tō io whatu ki tō roro. Ka tātarihia e te roro ēnei tohu, ka hurihia hei whakaahua pēnei i te "Āe, he putiputi," "Anei e māmā," ā, kia kite tātou. He tikanga tino whakamiharo, kāore?

Ka pāngia tetahi wāhanga o te retina e te mate retina. Ina koa, ka pakaru te macula, te wāhanga pokapū o te retina e āwhina ana i a tātou ki te kite i ngā taipitopito iti, ki te pānui pukapuka, me te mōhio ki ngā reta. Ko te mea pouri, ko ētahi o ēnei āhuatanga ka taea te tuku iho .

He maha ngā mate o te retina e puta ai ngā tohu e pā ana ki tō tirohanga. He mea nui kia tātaritanga wawetia me te rongoā i ēnei mate, nā te mea ka taea e ētahi mate te arahi ki te matapo tuturu , ki te ngaro rānei o te tirohanga mēnā kāore e rongoātia.

He aha ngā momo mate o te retina?

He maha ngā momo mate e pā ana ki te retina. Me titiro tātou ki ngā mea matua.

Ngā mate e pāngia pinepine ai te retina:

• Te kino o te kanohi i puta mai i te mate huka`(Retinopathy e pā ana ki te mate huka)`: E mōhio ana koe, he raruraru te mate huka e pāngia ana e te tini o te tangata i ēnei rā. Nō reira, ki te kore e whakahaeretia tika, ka pakaru pea ngā oko toto ngawari o ngā kanohi, ka puta te toto me te pupuhi o te retina. Ka kiia tēnei ko `(Retinopathy e pā ana ki te mate huka)`.
• Te wetewete o te retina : He āhuatanga ohorere tēnei. Koinei te wā e wehe ai te retina mai i te pakitara o roto o te kanohi. He rite ki tētahi pānui e puta mai ana i te pakitara.
• Ngā pakaru, ngā kōhao rānei o te retina : I ētahi wā ka puta he pakaru, he kōhao rānei iti i roto i te retina. Koinei te tīmatanga o te wehenga o te retina.
• Te aukati i te uaua retina: Ka puta tēnei āhuatanga ina aukatia te uaua e tuku toto ana ki te retina. Ka taea tēnei te puta i roto i te uaua matua (te aukati i te uaua retina pokapū) i roto rānei i te uaua peka (te aukati i te uaua retina peka).
• Te mate pūkahukahu : Ka pupuhi, ka mumura hoki te retina nā ngā mate huaketo, kitakita, harore rānei.
• Te retinopathy serous pokapū: He āhuatanga tēnei e kohikohi ai te wai i raro i te retina. He maha ngā wā e hono ana ki te ahotea.
• Te chorioretinopathy o te manu me ētahi atu mate mumura: He mate mumura onge anō hoki ēnei e pā ana ki te retina me ōna hanganga e pā ana.

Ngā mate e pā ana ki te macula:

Ko te macula, e ai ki tā mātou i kōrero ai i mua ake nei, te wāhanga pokapū o te retina e whakarato ana i te tirohanga mārama, koi. Nō reira, he maha ngā mate e pāngia ana e ia:

• Te pūkohu o te makula (e kiia ana ko te kiriuhi epiretinal): He kiriata angiangi tēnei e hanga ana i runga i te makula, he rite ki te rau cellophane. Ka taea e tēnei te whakapōuri i te tirohanga me te tirohanga pōuri.
• Pū kōhao macular: He pū kōhao iti kei roto i te macula.
• Te ngoikore o te kanohi e pā ana ki te koroheketanga (AMD): He āhuatanga noa tēnei e puta mai ana i te koroheketanga. E rua ngā momo: AMD maroke me te AMD mākū.
• Pupuhi o te makula: Te pupuhi o te makula. Nā te wai e pupū ake ana tēnei.

Ngā mate retina tuku iho:

Koinei ngā mate whānau mai, ā, nā ngā awe ira i puta mai:

• Retinitis pigmentosa : He āhuatanga tēnei e ngaro haere ai te tirohanga taha. He tohu anō hoki te matapo pō.
• Te mate Usher : He mate tuku iho tēnei e puta ai te ngaronga o te rongo me te retinitis pigmentosa.
• Te mate Stargardt: Ko te nuinga o tēnei ka pā ki te hunga rangatahi, ā, ka whakararu i te tirohanga matua.
• Retinoschisis : He wehenga o ngā paparanga o te retina. Ka kitea pea tēnei i te whānautanga mai, ka puta rānei i muri mai.

He aha ēnei tohu e pā ana ki a tātou?

Mena he mate retinal tōu, ka pāngia pea koe e tētahi, e ētahi rānei o ēnei tohu:

• Ngā kanohi e mānu ana, e kanapa ana . Tērā pea ka rite ki ngā pūngāwerewere iti e nekeneke haere ana i mua i ō kanohi.
• Te tirohanga pōuri, te tirohanga rerekē rānei. Kāore pea e kitea mārama ngā reta, ā, ka puta pea ngā whakaahua hei rua.
• Ka puta ngā ira matapo i te tirohanga tika (te tirohanga pokapū) me te tirohanga taha rānei .
• Ngā hapa tirohanga. Hei tauira, tera pea ka āhua pīrori te tuhi o ngā rārangi tika. Ka kitea tēnei ina tirohia ngā mea pēnei i ngā anga matapihi me ngā anga tatau.
• Te ngaronga ohorere o te tirohanga.
• He uaua ki te kite i te pō , he uaua rānei ki te urutau ki ngā panonitanga o te māramatanga (pērā i te haere ki waho i te pōuri).

Mena kei a koe tētahi o ēnei tohu, he mea tino nui kia toro atu koe ki tētahi tākuta kanohi tonu.

He aha ngā pūtake o tēnei mate?

Kāore he take kotahi mō ngā mate o te retina. He maha ngā momo take.

• Ko ētahi o ngā āhuatanga, pērā i te mate Usher, te mate Stargardt, me te Retinitis pigmentosa, ka tukuna iho.
• Ka pā te retinopathy me ētahi atu mate hauora. Ka taea e te mate huka me te toto toto tiketike te kino i ngā oko toto ngawari o te kanohi, ka arahi pea ki te kino o te retina. Ka taea hoki e ngā mate mumura o te tinana te whakararu.
• Ka taea e ngā whara kanohi te whakararu i te retina me te macula. Hei tauira, ki te pā te pōro kirikiti ki tō kanohi, ki te mau rānei tetahi mea koi ki roto i tō kanohi, ka tino kino te pānga.
• I ētahi wā, ka puta ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te "Macular pucker" i muri i te pokanga kanohi .
• Ko ētahi mate o te retina, pērā i te cytomegalovirus retinitis, ka puta mai i te mate pāwera . Heoi, ehara te mate retina i te mea hopuhopu.

He aha ngā āhuatanga mōrearea mō ēnei mate?

Ko ētahi mea ka whakanui ake i te mōrearea o te whakawhanake i ngā mate o te retina. Ko ēnei:

• Te koroheketanga.
• Te momi hikareti.
• Te pikinga o te taumaha, te momona rānei`(Momona, taumaha rawa rānei)`.
• Kei a koe ētahi atu mate hauora pēnei i te mate huka me te toto toto tiketike .
• Ngā pakaru, ngā wehenga rānei o te retina o mua.
• Ngā whara kanohi o mua, ngā pokanga rānei.
• He hītori whānau tō te mate o te retina .
• Te tirohanga tata nui (te hunga he nui rawa ngā mōhiti kua tohua e te taote - 'Te tirohanga whānui kino').
• Te whakamahinga roa o ētahi rongoā, pērā i te hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil®) me te pentosane polysulfate.

I ētahi wā, ko te ira tangata, ko te iwi rānei, he take mōrearea anō hoki mō tētahi mate motuhake o te retina.

He aha ngā raruraru pea ka pā mai i ēnei mate?

Ki te kore e rongoatia tika ngā mate o te retina, ka taea e rātou te arahi ki te ngaronga katoa o te tirohanga me te matapo .

Ka rongoatia ēnei mate e ngā tākuta kanohi. Heoi, kāore e taea e ngā tākuta te rongoā i ngā mate katoa o te retina. Nō reira, he mea nui kia tātaritanga wawetia te mate, kia whakahaeretia hoki i te mea pai rawa atu.

Me pēhea te tautuhi i ēnei mate o te retina?

Ina tirohia ō kanohi i ia wā, ka tirohia tonutia e te tākuta kanohi ngā mate o te retina. Koia te mea nui kia tirohia ō kanohi i ngā wā e taunakitia ana e tō tākuta.

I te wā o te whakamātautau, ka tāpirihia e te tākuta he pata kanohi ki roto i ō kanohi hei whakanui ake i ō karu. Mā tēnei ka taea e te tākuta te tirotiro tata atu i tō retina. Mena ka whakapae te tākuta he raruraru kei tō retina i muri i tēnei whakamātautau, ka tono pea ia i ētahi atu whakamātautau motuhake, ka tukuna rānei koe ki tētahi tohunga retina.

He aha ngā whakamātautau e mahia ana hei tautuhi, hei aroturuki rānei i ngā mate?

Ka taea e te tākuta te tono i ngā whakamātautau penei:

• Te Tomography Whārite Ātaahua (OCT): He rite tēnei ki te tango i te wāhanga whakawhiti o te retina. He mea tino nui tēnei mō te kite i ngā mea pēnei i te pupuhi me ngā kōhao i roto i te macula.
• Angiography fluorescein : Ko te werohanga i tētahi tae motuhake ki roto i tētahi uaua i roto i tō ringa, me te tango pikitia o ngā uaua toto i roto i tō kanohi. Ka taea e ia te tirotiro i ngā mea pēnei i te tauira rere o te toto, me te mea kei te turuturu te toto mai i ngā uaua.
• Te whakamātau whakaahua aunoa o te fundus: He whakamātautau whakaahua kore-whakaekenga anō hoki tēnei.
• Te whakaahua hikoTe Electroretinography (ERG): Mā tēnei ka ine i te pai o te mahi a te retina.
• Whakamātautau ira : Mena e whakapaetia ana he mate tuku iho, ka mahia tēnei whakamātautau hei whakaū.

Me pēhea te rongoā i ēnei mate?

Ko ngā kōwhiringa maimoatanga e whakawhirinaki ana ki te momo mate retina kei a koe. I ētahi wā, ka taea e te maimoatanga te whakamutu i te mate, te whakaroa rānei i te tere o te kino haere. Kei roto i ngā kōwhiringa maimoatanga ko ngā pokanga , ngā maimoatanga laser , me ngā werohanga rongoā ki roto, ki te taha rānei o te kanohi .

Ngā Tukanga Pokanga:

Ko te Vitrectomy he tikanga pokanga e mahia ana mo nga ahuatanga e whai ake nei:

• Te wehenga o te retina.
• Te pūkohu o te kanohi `(Te pūkohu o te kanohi / te kiriuhi epiretinal)`.
• He kōhao macular.
• Ngā whara o te kanohi (hei tauira, te urunga mai o ngā mea ke ki roto i te kanohi).
• Ngā mate kanohi.

Ngā werohanga kanohi:

Ka mahia te werohanga vitreous mō ngā āhuatanga e whai ake nei:

• Te pirau kanohi e pā ana ki te koroheketanga mākū (Wet AMD).
• Te retinopathy mate huka matatau.
• Ka puta te edema Macular nā ngā take maha.
• Ngā mate kanohi.
• Ngā mate mumura o ngā kanohi.

Ngā Maimoatanga Reera:

Ka whakamahia te maimoatanga laser i roto i ngā take penei:

• Whakaorahia ngā oko toto kāore e hiahiatia.
• Katia ngā roimata o te retina.
• Te retinopathy serous pokapū.
• Pupuhi macular.

Ko ētahi atu maimoatanga mō te wehenga o te retina:

• Pokanga whitiki scleral : I roto i tēnei tikanga, ka whakatakotoria e te taote pokanga he whitiki silicone ki te kanohi ka tuia ki roto. Ka panaia te wāhanga mā o te kanohi (sclera) ki roto, ka taea ai e te retina te okioki ki te pakitara.
• Te Whakaoraora Tinana (Cryoplexy) : Ka whakamahia te whakaoraora tinana hei hanga i tētahi koha, hei kati hoki i te haehae, i te wehenga rānei.
• Retinopexy hau : Ka werohia e te taote pokanga he mirumiru hau ki roto i te kanohi. Ka āwhina tēnei mirumiru ki te pupuri i te retina kia mau tonu. Ka taea te whakakotahi i tēnei maimoatanga me te cryotherapy, te maimoatanga laser rānei.

Ētahi atu maimoatanga:

• Ngā rongoā paturopi , rongoā harore , rongoā ārai huaketo rānei mō ngā mate kino.
• Te retinopathy serous pokapū me ētahi atu mate kanohiMaimoatanga taiaho "mātao" .

He pānga taha, he raruraru rānei kei te rongoā?

Ko ngā pānga taha, ngā raruraru rānei o ngā maimoatanga mō ngā mate o te retina, e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā āhuatanga maha, pērā i te momo maimoatanga e whiwhi ana koe, tō hauora whānui, me tō āhua.

I te nuinga o te wā, tera pea ētahi mōrearea pēnei i:

• Te mate urutā.
• Te whara.
• Ngā kanohi maroke.
• Te tirohanga pōuri.
• Te pēhanga teitei, te pēhanga iti rānei i roto i tō kanohi.
• Te iti haere o te tirohanga.
• Te pēhanga teitei o te kanohi.
• Te toto.

Nō reira, i mua i te tīmatanga o tētahi maimoatanga, he mea tino nui kia kōrerohia paitia e koe me tō tākuta ngā painga, ngā huakore, me ngā pānga taha pea.

Kia pēhea te roa o te wā e ora ai i muri i te maimoatanga?

Ko te roa o te ora ka whakawhirinaki ki te momo maimoatanga i pā ki a koe me te momo mate retina i pā ki a koe. Hei tauira, ki te mea he mirumiru hau kei roto i tō kanohi, tera pea ka roa ētahi wiki ka ngaro te mirumiru. Kāore pea koe e taea te haere ki te mahi mō ngā wiki e rua ki te whā. Waihoki, kāore e taea e koe te rere, te manawa rānei i te hauota waikura, e whakamahia ana i roto i ētahi tikanga niho, i a koe e pupuhi ana te hau i roto i tō kanohi (engari he wā poto noa iho tēnei).

Ki te werohia ō kanohi, ka kī atu tō tākuta kia okioki ō kanohi, kia whakamahia ngā roimata hangai, kaua hoki e mirimiri i ō kanohi. Engari kāore he "wā whakaora" tūturu mō tēnā.

Ka taea te whakaora katoa i te retina kua pakaru?

I ētahi wā, ka taea te whakaora, te whakatika rānei i te retina kua pakaru. Heoi, kāore he rongoā tuturu mō ētahi āhuatanga. Nō reira, he pai ake te kōrero ki tō tākuta mō tō āhuatanga takitahi. Ka taea e ia te whakamārama i tō āhuatanga ki a koe, me te hoatu hoki i te mahere maimoatanga pai rawa atu ki a koe.

Ka taea te ārai i ēnei mate o te retina? Me pēhea te whakaiti i te mōrearea?

Kāore e taea e tātou te ārai i ētahi mate o te retina, inā koa ko ērā he mate tuku iho. Heoi anō, kei reira ētahi mea ka taea e tātou te mahi hei whakaiti i te tūponotanga o te whakawhanake i ētahi atu mate:

• Te whakahaere i ngā mate pūmau: Mena kei a koe ngā mate pēnei i te toto toto tiketike (hypertension) me te mate huka, he mea nui kia pai te whakahaere i aua mate. He mea nui anō hoki kia whakahaere i te taumaha o te tinana (taumaha rawa, momona rānei).
• Whakamātautau kanohi auau: Me tirotiro ō kanohi i runga anō i te wātaka kua tohua e tō tākuta kanohi. Mā tēnei, mēnā he raruraru, ka taea te tautuhi i te wā tōmua.
• Te tiaki i ō kanohi:Mauria he parenga kanohi (he mōhiti kanohi, he whakangungu rakau) i te wā e mahi ana (hei tauira, te mahi rakau, te mahi whakarewa) i te wā e takaro ana rānei i ngā hākinakina whakapā atu. Ahakoa he aituā iti noa iho ki ngā kanohi, ka pā kino pea.

Ka aha mēnā kei a au tēnei momo mate? He aha ngā mea ka pā mai ki ahau?

Ko te tirohanga mō te mate retina e whakawhirinaki ana ki te momo mate kei a koe. Nō reira, kōrero ki tō tākuta mō tō āhua. Ka taea e ia te whakamārama i tō āhua me te āwhina i a koe ki te whiriwhiri i te maimoatanga pai rawa atu māu. Ka mōhio anō hoki koe ki ngā mea hei tumanakohia mai i tō tirohanga me tō whakaoranga whānui.

Āhea ahau me toro atu ki te tākuta?

He mea tino nui te tirotiro i ngā kanohi i ia wā, ina koa mēnā he mate hauora tōu e tūpono ana ki te mate o te retina, pērā i te mate huka.

Ki te kite koe i ētahi panoni ohorere o tō tirohanga (hei tauira, te ngaronga ohorere o te tirohanga, te tīmatanga o ngā ira pango ki mua i ō kanohi, te kite i ngā rama, te kite i ngā rārangi tika), me toro atu ki te tākuta kanohi tonu. Kaua e moumou taima.

Āhea ahau me haere ki te rūma whawhati tata?

I tēnei āhuatanga, me haere tonu koe ki te rūma whawhati tata, me waea atu rānei ki te 1990:

• Ki te ngaro whakarere tō tirohanga katoa, tō tirohanga wāhanga rānei.
• Mena he mamae nui tō kanohi.
• Mena he aituā nui, he whara rānei ki te kanohi.

He āhuatanga ohorere ēnei, nō reira kaua e whakaroa.

He aha ngā pātai me pātai atu ki taku tākuta mō ngā mate o te retina?

Kei a koe te tika ki te pātai atu ki tō tākuta i ō pātai katoa. Ka taea e koe te pātai i ēnei pātai:

• Ka taea te rongoā i tēnei mate kei ahau? Ka taea te whakaora rawa?
• He aha ngā pānga taha ka puta mai i te maimoatanga?
• He aha ngā rongoā, ngā huringa āhua noho rānei ka taea e au te mahi hei āwhina i te aukati i te kino haere o aku tohu?
• He aha ngā tūponotanga ka ngaro taku tirohanga?
• He aha ngā ratonga ka taea e koe te tūtohu hei āwhina i te hunga e ora ana me te ngaronga o te tirohanga?
• E āhei ana ahau ki te whai wāhi atu ki tētahi whakamātautau haumanu?

Hei whakamutunga, ngā mea hei maumahara

Kāore e rite katoa ngā mate retina. He mea nui kia mārama koe ki tō āhua motuhake, kia mōhio hoki ki ngā huringa o tō tirohanga. Ko te kitenga wawe me te maimoatanga ka puta ko ngā hua pai rawa atu.

Tērā pea he maha ngā kare ā-roto e pā ana ki tō āhua kanohi. Tērā pea ka mataku koe, ka manukanuka, ka pouri rānei. He mea noa tēnā. Kōrero ki tō tīma hauora me tō whānau mō ngā mea e hiahiatia ana e koe me ō kare ā-roto. Kei reira rātou hei āwhina i a koe i ngā huarahi katoa e taea ana e rātou. Kia maumahara, kāore koe i te mokemoke.

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