Kua rongo pea koe i ō tūpuna mō te "mate nui" o mua. Ko te rewharewha tēnā. I tino wehi te iwi i te rewharewha i taua wā, ā, i whakaaro rātou he tohu mate. Engari he waimarie tātou i tēnei rā, nā te mea kua kore tēnei mate kino i te ao. Nō reira, me kōrero tātou mō te rewharewha, me pēhea te whakakorenga, me te take he mea nui kia mōhio ki tēnei mate.
He aha rawa te mate rewharewha?
He kupu ngāwari noa iho, he mate tino kino, he mate hopuhopu te rewharewha i horapa puta noa i te ao i ngā tau kua pahure. Ina puta mai, ka puta mai ngā pupuhi (pustules) kī tonu i te wai, kī tonu i te pūkahukahu, mārō, rite tonu ki te kōhatu, puta noa i te tinana. I muri i te maroke o ēnei pupuhi, ka toe tonu ngā koha hohonu e mau tonu ana mō te oranga katoa. Ehara i te mea koinā anake, engari tata ki te kotahi i roto i te toru o ngā tāngata i pangia e tēnei mate ka mate . Whakaarohia te kino o tēnā. E miriona ngā tāngata i mate i tēnei mate.
Heoi, mai i te tekau tau atu i 1960, kua mahi tahi te Whakahaere Hauora o te Ao (WHO) me ngā whenua katoa o te ao ki te whakakore i te mate. Nā te werohanga me te whakahaere i te mate, kua angitu tēnei mahi nui. I te tau 1980, i whakapuakina mana kua whakakorea katoatia te rewharewha i te ao . Ko te keehi tūturu whakamutunga o te mate i puta i te tau 1977 i pūrongohia.
Nā, kāore e kitea te mate rewharewha i ngā wāhi katoa o te ao ināianei?
Kāore. Kāore te rewharewha e horapa noa i waenga i te tangata i ēnei rā. Kāore anō kia puta he kēhi rewharewha i te ao mō ngā tau neke atu i te 45.
Koinei tētahi o ngā whakatutukitanga nui rawa atu i roto i te hītori o te rongoā me te hauora tūmatanui. He mea whakamiharo te huihui mai o te iwi, te mahi tahi, me te whakakore i tētahi mate kino i te ao.
Heoi, ko ngā tauira o te huaketo e hua ai te rewharewha, te huaketo Variola, kua rongoatia i raro i te tino haumarutanga i roto i ngā taiwhanga e rua i te Hononga o Amerika me Rūhia mō ngā kaupapa rangahau anake.
I pēhea tātou i hinga ai i tēnei mate kino?
I whakakorea te mate rewharewha nā ētahi āhuatanga. He mea tino nui tēnei kia mārama.
- I pā ki te tangata anake: I pā tēnei mate ki te tangata anake. Kāore i horapa mā roto i ētahi atu huarahi, pērā i ngā kararehe, i ngā waeroa rānei. Nō reira, he ngāwari noa te whakahaere i te mate.
- Ngāwari te mōhio: I pāngia te hunga katoa i pangia e te rewharewha e ngā tohu. Nā te āhua o te ponana, he ngāwari te mōhio ki tētahi tangata kua pangia e te mate. Kāore he kaikawe tohu kore i te mōhio kei a rātou te mate, ā, ka horapa atu ki ētahi atu.
- Horahia āta:I tīmata te horapa o te mate i te wā e tino mate ana te tūroro, ā, kāore e taea te nekeneke haere. Nō reira, ko te tikanga ka horapa te mate mā te pā tata anake, pērā i waenga i te hunga e noho ana i te whare kotahi.
- Tikanga "Whāngaitanga Mowhiti": Nā te mea i horapa noa te mate ki ngā tāngata tata, i taea e ngā āpiha hauora te kimi tere i te hunga katoa i pā atu ki te tūroro (ngā mema o te whānau, ngā hoa noho) me te werohanga i a rātou. I huaina tēnei ko te "wāngaitanga mowhiti." Nā tēnei i aukati te horapa o te mate ki tua atu o taua rohe.
- Te ārai mate o mua: Nā te mea kua roa te mate nei e ora ana, kua ora kē ētahi tāngata i te mate, ā, kua whanake kē te ārai mate tūturu. Nō reira, he iti ake ngā tāngata i hiahiatia kia werohangahia hei aukati i te horapa o te mate.
He aha ngā tohu o te mate rewharewha?
He maha ngā wāhanga ka puta ai ngā tohumate o te rewharewha. He mea nui kia mōhio tika koe ki tēnei.
| Tohu | Whakaahuatanga |
|---|---|
| Ngā āhuatanga tuatahi | E rua ki te whā ngā rā e roa ana. Ka puta he kirika nui, he ānini nui, he mamae tuara, he mamae puku, he ngenge nui me te ngoikore, me te ruaki. |
| Whēwhe | Ka tīmata tuatahi i roto i te mangai me te mata, kātahi ka horapa puta noa i te tinana. |
| Ngā mirumiru me te whakapūkara | Ka huri ngā ira whero tuatahi hei mariao, kātahi ka huri hei pupuhi mārō, pupuhi (pustules). Ka kī tonu ēnei i te pupuhi. |
Ko ngā tohu tuatahi, pērā i te kirika me te ānini, ka roa mō ngā rā e rua, e toru rānei. Tērā pea ka haere tonu te kirika ahakoa kua puta te ponana. He maha ngā wāhanga o te ponana.
Ngā Wāhanga o te Whanaketanga o te Ponana
He mate tino motuhake te rewharewha. Me titiro tātou ki ōna wāhanga.
| Atamira | He aha te mea e tupu ana? |
|---|---|
| 1. Te Pōuri o te Whewhe | Whai muri i ngā tohu tuatahi, ka puta ngā ira whero ki te arero, ki roto i te waha, me te korokoro. Ka huri ēnei hei mariao me hei pupuhi. Koinei te wā e tino horapa ai te mate. |
| 2. Te horapa o te ponana | I muri i te putanga mai o ngā mate pukupuku i roto i te waha, ka horapa te ponana ki te mata, kātahi ki ngā ringa, ki ngā waewae, ki te uma, me te tuara. I roto i te rā kotahi, ka kapi katoa te tinana, tae atu ki ngā nikau me ngā kapu o te waewae, i te ponana. |
| 3. Ngā Pustule | Ka tīmata ngā puku o te kiri ki te kī i te wai matotoru (pupu). I muri i ngā rā e rua pea, ka tino kī ēnei pupuhi i te pupuhi. He porowhita, he mārō hoki ēnei pupuhi. |
| 4. Ngā pāpaka | I roto i ngā rā 10 e whai ake nei, ka puta he papaka kirikiri ki runga i ngā mirumiru mumura. |
| 5. Te tihore i ngā kiripaka | I muri i te wiki pea, ka marere takitahi ēnei kiriuhi, engari ka waiho e rātou he koha hohonu, mō te wā roa ki te wāhi i mua. |
He rerekē ngā momo rewharewha?
Ae, he maha ngā momo matua o te rewharewha, he rerekē te kaha o ia momo.
- Ko te rewharewha noa: Koinei te momo tino noa. Tata ki te 85% o ngā tūroro i pāngia e tēnei momo. Ko ngā tohu katoa i kōrerotia i runga ake nei nō tēnei momo. Kotahi i roto i te toru o ngā tāngata i pāngia e tēnei mate i mate.
- Te rewharewha momo whakarerekē: Kua pūrongohia tēnei momo i roto i ētahi tāngata i whiwhi i te kano ārai rewharewha i mua. He rite ngā tohu ki ērā o te rewharewha noa, engari he iti ake te kino o te ponana, ā, ka tere te memeha o te mate. He tino iti te tokomaha o ngā mate mai i tēnei momo.
- Te rewharewha momo-papatahi:He momo tino kino tēnei. He tino kino ngā tohu tuatahi. Kāore ngā mirumiru e whakapakeke, e kī rānei i te pupuhi. Engari, ka honoa, ka hanga he ponana papatahi, ngawari. He mea tino kitea tēnei i roto i ngā tamariki. Mēnā ka puta tēnei momo, tata tonu te mate.
- Te rewharewha toto: He momo tino kino, he mea noa i waenga i ngā wāhine hāpu. He kino ngā tohu tuatahi. Kāore ngā pupuhi e pāpaka, engari, ka tīmata te toto ki te turuturu mai i raro i te kiri. Ka mangu te kiri, ka āhua wera. Ka toto anō hoki ngā whekau o roto. He tino mate pea tēnei momo.
Me kōrero tātou mō te kano ārai mate rewharewha.
He tohu tino nui te kano ārai mate rewharewha i roto i te hītori hauora.
Ko te kano kano tuatahi o te ao i whakawhanakehia mō tētahi mate ko te rewharewha.
I te mutunga o te rautau 1800, i kitea e te rata ko Edward Jenner tōna ingoa, kāore ngā wāhine i miraka kau i te rewharewha kau i pangia e te mate whakamate o te rewharewha. He mate ngawari te rewharewha kau, engari ehara i te mate whakamate, e pāngia ana e te tangata.
I whakamātauria e ia tēnei, ā, i whakaūtia. Nā te mea he tino ōrite te huaketo rewharewha kau me te huaketo rewharewha iti, ko ngā paturopi e hangaia ana e te tinana ina pāngia e te rewharewha kau ka tiaki anō hoki i te huaketo rewharewha iti. Nō reira, i hoatu e ia he wai i tangohia mai i te mirumiru o te tūroro rewharewha kau ki tētahi tangata hauora, ā, i tiakina taua tangata mai i te rewharewha iti. Ko te kupu "vaccine" i ahu mai i te kupu Latina "Vacca", ko tōna tikanga "kau".
Ko te koha o te kano ārai mate rewharewha
Kua kite koe i tētahi koha porowhita, iti, e ara ake ana i te ringa o runga o tō kuia, o tō koroua rānei? Koinei te koha e puta ana i muri i te hoatutanga o te kano ārai mate pukupuku. Kāore i rite ki ētahi atu kano ārai mate pukupuku, ka hoatu te kano ārai mate pukupuku mā te wero i te kiri ki tētahi ngira he pito pakaru. Ka puta he patunga iti ki reira, ka puta he mirumiru, ā, ka noho tonu te koha ina ora. I muri i te tau 1972, i mutu hoki tēnei kano ārai mate i Sri Lanka.
He aha te rerekētanga i waenga i te rewharewha, te rewharewha heihei me te Mpox?
He mea tēnei e whakapoauau ana i te tini o te tangata.
- Te rewharewha: He mate whakamate tēnei i puta mai i te huaketo Variola, kua whakakorea kētia i te ao.
- Mpox (i mua ko Monkeypox): Nō te rōpū huaketo kotahi tēnei me te matepukupuku, e kiia nei ko Orthopoxvirus. Ahakoa he rite ngā tohu ki te matepukupuku, kāore a Mpox i te tino kino pērā i te matepukupuku.
- Te rewharewha: He mate tēnei i puta mai i tētahi atu huaketo (te huaketo 'Varicella-zoster'). Ahakoa te "rewharewha" i roto i te ingoa, kāore he pānga ki te rewharewha. Ko ngā pupuhi rewharewha kāore e waiho he koha (ki te kore e rakurakuhia).
Karere Tangohia ki te Kāinga
- He mate tino kino te rewharewha, he mate hopuhopu hoki i mate ai te miriona tāngata i ngā wā o mua.
- I whakakorea rawatia te mate i te ao i te tau 1980 , nā te kaupapa werohanga nui i whakarewahia i raro i te kaiārahi o te World Health Organization.
- E kiia ana tēnei ko tētahi o ngā whakatutukitanga hauora tūmatanui nui rawa atu i roto i te hītori o te tangata.
- I ēnei rā, kāore te rewharewha e puta noa mai i te ao i ngā wāhi katoa o te ao, nō reira kāore he take e mataku ai koe mōna.
- Mā te angitu o te whakakorenga i te rewharewha e ako mai ai tātou ahakoa ngā mate tino kino ka taea te hinga mā te pūtaiao, te whakapau kaha, me te mahi tahi o te ao.
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