ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯌꯥꯃꯈꯠꯂꯀꯄꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯨꯎꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯈꯜꯂꯤꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ? ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯈꯣꯉꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯐꯃꯂꯒꯥ ꯊꯣꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ‘ꯀ꯭ꯔꯦꯛ’ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯈꯣꯟꯖꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯕꯔꯥ? ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯑꯣꯑꯔꯊ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯇꯤꯁꯀꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯉꯁꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯀꯌꯥꯅꯥ ꯊꯦꯡꯅꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯁꯃꯁ꯭ꯌꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯛꯀꯅꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯈꯨꯎꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯑꯣꯑꯔꯊ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯇꯤꯁ .
ꯅꯤ ꯑꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯑꯣꯑꯔꯊ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯇꯤꯁ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯇꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?
ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯕꯗꯥ, ꯈꯨꯎꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯑꯣꯑꯔꯊ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯇꯤꯁ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯃꯇꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯨꯎꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛꯇꯥ ꯀꯥꯔꯇꯤꯂꯦꯖ ꯀꯧꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯇꯦꯛꯇꯤꯚ ꯀꯚꯔꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤꯅꯤ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯨꯎꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯒꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯈꯅꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯟꯊꯦꯡꯅꯕꯥ, ꯂꯥꯞꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯣꯡꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯀꯥꯔꯇꯤꯂꯦꯖ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯁꯣꯛꯅ-ꯁꯝꯅꯗꯅꯥ ꯐꯖꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯏ꯫
ꯃꯇꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯏꯟꯅꯥ, ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ‘ꯁꯣꯛ ꯑꯦꯕꯁꯣꯔꯕꯥꯔ’ ꯑꯁꯤ, ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤ ꯀꯥꯔꯇꯤꯂꯦꯖ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯏ꯫ ꯀꯥꯔꯇꯤꯂꯦꯖ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯣꯟꯊꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯁꯣꯛꯅ-ꯁꯝꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯧꯏ꯫ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯥ, ꯁꯣꯛ-ꯄꯅꯕꯥ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯨꯎ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯆꯤꯡꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯊꯧꯗꯣꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯇꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫
ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯃꯗꯤ ꯑꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯑꯣꯑꯔꯊ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯇꯤꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯄꯨꯡꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯣꯏꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯦꯅꯦꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯐꯠꯆꯤꯜꯂꯛꯇꯕꯥ ꯊꯤꯡꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯏꯐꯦꯛꯇꯤꯚ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯍꯣꯡꯕꯥ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫
ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯖꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ?
ꯍꯣꯌ, ꯈꯨꯎꯒꯤ ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯀꯁꯤꯜꯂꯀꯄꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ, ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯖ ꯀꯌꯥꯗꯥ ꯈꯥꯌꯗꯣꯀꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯀꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯈꯪꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯒꯅꯤ꯫
| ꯐꯝꯄꯥꯛ | ꯐꯤꯚꯝ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯤꯜꯂꯤꯡ꯫ |
|---|---|
| ꯱ꯁꯨꯕꯥ ꯇꯥꯉ꯭ꯀꯛ (ꯃꯥꯏꯅꯣꯔꯤꯇꯤ) ꯴. | ꯃꯁꯤ ꯍꯧꯔꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯇꯥꯉ꯭ꯀꯛꯅꯤ꯫ ꯀꯥꯔꯇꯤꯂꯦꯖ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯐꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯍꯧꯔꯦ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯗꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ |
| ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯖ ꯲ (ꯃꯥꯏꯜꯗ) ꯴. | ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛꯇꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯨꯎꯗꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯍꯧꯔꯛꯂꯦ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯀꯥꯔꯇꯤꯂꯦꯖ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯁꯣꯛꯅ-ꯁꯝꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯤꯛ ꯆꯥꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯃꯗ꯭ꯔꯤ꯫ |
| ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯖ ꯳ (ꯃꯌꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ) . | ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯗꯥ ꯀꯥꯔꯇꯤꯂꯦꯖꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯛ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯦ꯫ ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯥꯟꯊꯦꯡꯅꯕꯗꯥ, ꯈꯣꯡꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯨꯎꯗꯥ ꯀꯨꯄꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯁꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯂꯦꯡ-ꯑꯣꯠꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯁꯨ ꯈꯨꯎ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯟꯊꯕꯥ ꯐꯥꯎꯏ꯫ |
| ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯖ 4 (ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ) . | ꯃꯁꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯐꯠꯇꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯁꯅꯤ꯫ ꯀꯥꯔꯇꯤꯂꯦꯖ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯄꯨꯡꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯦ꯫ ꯁꯔꯨꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯁꯣꯛꯅ-ꯁꯝꯅꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ, ꯁꯣꯟꯊꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯆꯠꯊꯣꯛ-ꯆꯠꯁꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯗꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯖ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯈꯨꯎ ꯔꯤꯞꯂꯦꯁꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯈꯟꯅꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ |
ꯑꯗꯣꯃꯗꯁꯨ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯩꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ?
ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈꯨꯎꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯑꯣꯑꯔꯊ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯇꯤꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯁꯨ, ꯑꯇꯩ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡ ꯀꯌꯥꯁꯨ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯈꯉꯅꯔꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫
- ꯈꯨꯎꯗꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ : ꯑꯔꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯄꯤꯖꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯆꯠꯊꯣꯛ-ꯆꯠꯁꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯈꯛꯇꯥ ꯅꯠꯇꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯁꯨꯞꯅꯒꯤ ꯐꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯁꯨ ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
- ꯈꯨꯎ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ: ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯑꯌꯨꯛ-ꯅꯨꯡꯊꯤꯂꯗꯥ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯇꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯁꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯂꯦꯞꯂꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯨꯎ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁꯣꯟꯊꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
- ꯁꯣꯛ-ꯄꯅꯕꯥ: ꯈꯨꯎ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯣꯟꯊꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯪꯊꯕꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯏ꯫
- ꯀ꯭ꯔꯦꯛꯂꯤꯡ ꯁꯥꯎꯟꯗ: ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯨꯎꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯨꯄꯁꯤꯜꯂꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁꯦꯡꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯦꯛꯂꯤꯡ, ꯒꯨꯔꯒꯂꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯟꯖꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯏ꯫
- ꯇꯪꯗꯨ ꯂꯩꯇꯥꯗꯕꯥ (instability): ꯈꯨꯎꯅꯥ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯂꯩꯇꯕꯥ ꯐꯥꯎꯏ, ꯃꯗꯨ ꯂꯦꯡꯗꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ "ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯆꯥꯗꯕꯥ" ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯗꯅꯥ ꯀꯨꯄꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤꯅꯤ꯫
- ꯈꯨꯎ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯣꯀꯄꯥ: ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯨꯎ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯣꯠꯅꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯈꯪꯍꯧꯗꯅꯥ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯂꯣꯛꯂꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯊꯨꯒꯥꯌꯕꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯏ꯫
ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯃꯤꯠꯌꯦꯡ ꯊꯃꯗ꯭ꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡ꯫
ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯈꯨꯎꯒꯤ ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯈꯛꯇꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯀꯃꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
- ꯖꯣꯏꯟꯇ ꯏꯅꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ (Joint instability): ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯅꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯨꯎ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯕꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯁꯂꯁꯤꯡ꯫ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯣꯟꯊꯍꯜꯂꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯇꯪꯗꯨ ꯂꯩꯇꯥꯗꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯍꯜꯂꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯈꯣꯡꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯒꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯝ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯛ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫
- ꯕꯣꯟ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯔꯁ : ꯁꯔꯨꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯁꯣꯛꯅ-ꯁꯝꯅꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯈꯣꯡꯄꯥꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯣꯟꯊꯕꯥ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
- ꯕꯦꯀꯥꯔꯒꯤ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ: ꯐ꯭ꯂꯨꯏꯗꯅꯥ ꯊꯜꯂꯕꯥ ꯁꯦꯛ (cyst) ꯑꯃꯥ ꯈꯨꯎꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯈꯨꯎꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯣꯟꯊꯕꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
- ꯃꯨꯗ ꯗꯤꯁꯑꯣꯔꯗꯔꯁꯤꯡ (Mood disorders): ꯂꯦꯞꯇꯅꯥ ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯣꯡꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯕꯅꯆꯤꯡꯕꯥ ꯂꯤꯃꯤꯇꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯈꯔꯗꯗꯤ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯇꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯇꯕꯥ (mood disorders) ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯈꯨꯎꯒꯤ ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯊꯣꯛꯂꯤꯕꯅꯣ? ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯛ ꯐꯦꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?
ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯌꯥꯃꯈꯠꯂꯀꯄꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯀꯥꯔꯇꯤꯂꯦꯖ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯏ, ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯊꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯒꯥꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯇꯌꯥꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯋꯦꯌꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯤꯌꯥꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯡꯁꯤꯂꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯛ ꯐꯦꯛꯇꯔ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨ ꯂꯩꯔꯤ꯫
| ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯛ ꯐꯦꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ꯫ | ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯅ ꯇꯥꯛꯄ |
|---|---|
| ꯀꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯅꯣꯏꯕ | ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯕꯣꯗꯤ ꯃꯥꯁ ꯏꯟꯗꯦꯛꯁ (BMI) ꯑꯗꯨ 30ꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯨꯎꯅꯥ ꯑꯔꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯡꯈꯠꯄꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ, ꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯀꯥꯔꯇꯤꯂꯦꯖ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ |
| ꯑꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯤꯗꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ꯫ | ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯈꯨꯎꯗꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ (e.g., ligament tear) ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯣꯡꯖꯦꯜ ꯌꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ |
| ꯈꯨꯎꯗꯥ ꯑꯍꯦꯅꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯦꯁ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ꯫ | ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯊꯕꯀꯁꯤꯡ (ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ꯍꯦꯚꯤ ꯂꯤꯐꯇꯤꯡ) ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯄꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡ (ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ꯁꯣꯀꯔ, ꯋꯦꯇꯂꯤꯐꯇꯤꯡ)ꯅꯥ ꯈꯨꯎꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯄꯤꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯡꯏ꯫ |
| ꯆꯥꯔꯣꯟ ꯁꯨꯔꯣꯟ | ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯏꯃꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ |
ꯃꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯐꯪꯒꯅꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ?
ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯈꯨꯎꯗꯥ ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯍꯪꯒꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯨꯎ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯅꯒꯅꯤ꯫
- ꯈꯨꯎ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ, ꯂꯥꯂꯍꯧꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ?
- ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯨꯎ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯌꯥꯝ ꯂꯥꯞꯅꯥ ꯀꯨꯄꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯥꯡꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯒꯦ (ꯔꯦꯟꯖ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯃꯣꯁꯟ)꯫
- ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯅꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯕꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯂꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ?
- ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯆꯦꯛ ꯇꯧ꯫
ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯀꯖꯥꯃꯤꯅꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ, ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯅꯐꯥꯔꯝ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁ-ꯔꯦ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯔꯗꯔ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯑꯦꯛꯁ-ꯔꯦ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯀꯥꯔꯇꯤꯂꯦꯖ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯛꯂꯤꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯎꯠꯄꯥ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯀꯨꯞꯄꯥ ꯃꯔꯣꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯑꯥꯔ.ꯑꯥꯏ.
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?
ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯩ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡ ꯄꯥꯉꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯍꯣꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤ꯫
ꯅꯟ-ꯁꯔꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯠꯃꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ꯫
- ꯄꯦꯏꯅꯀꯤꯂꯔꯁꯤꯡ: ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯣꯛ-ꯄꯅꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯤꯛ ꯆꯥꯕꯥ ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ-ꯂꯥꯡꯊꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯤꯒꯅꯤ꯫
- ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯊꯦꯔꯥꯄꯤ: ꯈꯨꯎꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯕꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯁꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯄꯥꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ ꯀꯅꯈꯠꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯨꯎꯒꯤ ꯃꯣꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯐꯒꯠꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯔꯁꯥꯏꯖꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏ꯫
- ꯑꯔꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯅꯕꯥ: ꯑꯔꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯅꯕꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯨꯎꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ꯫
- ꯈꯨꯎꯒꯤ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯁ: ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯈꯨꯎꯗꯥ ꯁꯄꯣꯔꯠ ꯄꯤꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯪꯗꯨ ꯂꯩꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫
- ꯏꯅꯖꯦꯀꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯂꯁꯤꯡ: ꯱.
- ꯀꯣꯔꯇꯤꯁꯣꯟ ꯏꯅꯖꯦꯀꯁꯟ (cortisone injection): ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯔꯣꯏꯗ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫
- ꯖꯦꯜ ꯏꯅꯖꯦꯀꯁꯟ (Viscosupplementation): ꯂꯨꯕ꯭ꯔꯤꯀꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯏꯅꯖꯦꯀꯁꯟ ꯇꯧꯏ, ꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯊꯣꯛ-ꯆꯠꯁꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯌꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫
- PRP (Platelet-rich plasma) ꯏꯅꯖꯦꯀꯁꯟ: ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯏꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯥꯖꯃꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯤꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯊꯧꯒꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯏꯅꯖꯦꯀꯁꯟ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫
ꯁꯔꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯠꯃꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ꯫
ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯥꯌꯄꯥꯛꯠꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯣꯟꯊꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯗ꯭ꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯈꯟꯅꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
- ꯑꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯑꯣꯇꯣꯃꯤ (Osteotomy): ꯈꯨꯎꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯀꯊꯠꯇꯨꯅꯥ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯔꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯁꯦꯜ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛ-ꯍꯣꯡꯖꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫
- ꯈꯨꯎꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠ ꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ: ꯁꯣꯟꯊꯔꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯇꯨꯅꯥ ꯙꯥꯇꯨ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯀꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯤꯐꯤꯁꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯖꯣꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯨꯠ ꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯄꯨꯅꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯈꯔꯗꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯨꯎꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯟꯗꯅꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯊꯤꯡꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯒꯗ꯭ꯔꯥ?
ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯄꯨꯡꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯊꯤꯡꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯗ꯭ꯔꯕꯁꯨ, ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯛ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯁ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫
- ꯍꯀꯁꯦꯜ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯑꯔꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯝꯕꯥ: ꯃꯁꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯝꯅꯤ꯫ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯔꯨꯝꯕꯥ 10% ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯅꯕꯅꯥ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯨꯎꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯑꯣꯑꯔꯊ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯇꯤꯁꯀꯤ ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ꯫
- ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯔꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ: ꯂꯝ ꯀꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯥꯏꯛꯂꯤꯡꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯂꯣ-ꯏꯝꯄꯦꯛꯇ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯔꯁꯥꯏꯖꯁꯤꯡ ꯇꯧ, ꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯈꯨꯎꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯕꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯁꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯄꯥꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ ꯀꯅꯈꯠꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫
- ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯨꯎꯗꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯦꯁ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯅꯕꯥ: ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯟꯊꯦꯡꯅꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯝꯕꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠꯇꯥ ꯃꯍꯩ-ꯃꯔꯣꯡꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯇꯔꯨ-ꯇꯅꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯈꯜꯂꯨ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯚꯤ ꯂꯤꯐꯇꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯄꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯨꯔ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯧ꯫
- ꯇꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯕꯤꯌꯨ: ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯈꯨꯎꯗꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯍꯧꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯒꯥ ꯇꯥꯟꯅꯕꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏ, ꯃꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯅꯕꯤꯗꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠꯇꯥ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯍꯧꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯦꯅꯦꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯗꯅꯥ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡ ꯐꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯀꯏ꯫
ꯇꯦꯛ-ꯍꯣꯝ ꯃꯦꯁꯦꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫
- ꯈꯨꯎꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯑꯣꯑꯔꯊ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯇꯤꯁ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯇꯦꯛꯇꯤꯚ ꯀꯥꯔꯇꯤꯂꯦꯖ ꯀꯚꯔꯤꯡ (wear and tear) ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤꯅꯤ꯫
- ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ, ꯈꯨꯎ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ, ꯁꯣꯛ-ꯄꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯣꯟꯊꯕꯥ (grinding sound) ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ꯫
- ꯑꯍꯦꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯔꯨꯝꯕꯥ, ꯑꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯤꯗꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯦꯔꯤꯗꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯛ ꯐꯦꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ꯫
- ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯔꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯨꯎꯒꯥ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯔꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏ꯫
- ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯈꯨꯎꯗꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ ꯊꯣꯛꯂꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨ ꯌꯥꯗꯕꯤꯒꯅꯨ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯌꯥꯔꯤꯕꯃꯈꯩ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯒꯥ ꯇꯥꯟꯅꯧ꯫
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