Kodi chigoba cha myelin ichi chomwe chimazungulira maselo athu a mitsempha ndi chiyani? Tiyeni tikambirane mwatsatanetsatane!

Kodi munayamba mwadzifunsapo kuti amithenga ang'onoang'ono omwe ali m'thupi lathu, maselo amitsempha, amagwira ntchito mwachangu komanso mwanzeru bwanji? Ndipotu, thupi lathu lonse, kuyambira momwe timaganizira mpaka momwe timayendetsera manja ndi miyendo yathu, limayendetsedwa ndi dongosolo la mitsempha ili. Kotero lero tikambirana za chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chomwe chimathandiza maselo amitsemphawa kugwira ntchito bwino. Ndicho Chigoba cha Myelin .

Kodi Myelin Sheath ndi chiyani? Tiyeni timvetse mosavuta!

Mwachidule, chigoba cha myelin ndi chophimba choteteza chomwe chimazungulira maselo athu onse a mitsempha (chomwe timachitchanso `(Neuron)`). Chili ngati golovu kakang'ono. Chimapangidwa ndi mafuta (monga `(Lipids)`) ndi mapuloteni. Chigoba ichi chimaphimba gawo lalikulu la "thunthu" la selo ya mitsempha, lomwe limatchedwa axon . Taganizirani ngati waya wamagetsi m'nyumba mwathu. Chili ndi chigoba chapulasitiki chozungulira mawaya amkuwa. Umu ndi momwe chigoba cha myelin ichi chimatetezera maselo a mitsempha ndikuwathandiza kugwira ntchito bwino.

Kodi ziwalo za neuron ndi ziti? Zili ngati mtengo!

Tisanalankhule zambiri za myelin sheath, tiyeni timvetse tanthauzo la selo la mitsempha ndi ziwalo zake. Maselo a mitsempha amapanga dongosolo lathu la mitsempha . Dongosolo la mitsempha ili ngati malo osinthirana chidziwitso m'thupi lathu. Limalandira chidziwitso kuchokera m'thupi lonse, limayankha, ndipo limasintha malinga ndi zomwe zikuchitika mkati ndi kunja kwa thupi. Tikaganizira za selo la mitsempha, lili ndi magawo atatu akuluakulu. Tangoganizani kuti selo la mitsempha lili ngati mtengo : 1. Soma kapena Thupi la Selo: Izi zili ngati mizu ya mtengo. Ma dendrites , omwe ali ngati mizu ya soma, amayamwa "zakudya" kuchokera m'nthaka. Koma apa, "zakudya" ndi mauthenga a mankhwala ochokera ku maselo ena a mitsempha omwe ali pafupi. Kenako mauthenga awa amasinthidwa kukhala ma impulses amagetsi. Pakati pa selo ili palinso mkati mwa soma iyi. 2. Axon: Izi zili ngati thunthu lalitali la mtengo. Monga momwe zakudya zomwe zimatengedwa kuchokera kumizu ya mtengo zimakwera pa thunthu, axon imanyamulanso ma impulses amagetsi ochokera ku soma motsatira. 3. Malo Olumikizirana Axon: Izi zili ngati masamba omwe ali kumapeto kwa nthambi za mtengo. Masamba ndi mungu zimatuluka m'masamba awa. Mwanjira imeneyi, mphamvu zamagetsi "zimatulutsidwa" kuchokera kumalo olumikizirana axon kuti zitha kutengedwa ndi selo lotsatira la mitsempha. Izi zimapitirira mpaka uthengawo utafika muubongo wanu, msana , kapena ziwalo zina za thupi lanu. Zotsatira zake ndi zinthu monga minofu yomwe imakokana kuti isunthe mkono wanu, ikuthandizeni kupuma, kapena kupangitsa mtima wanu kugunda. Tsopano mutha kukhala ndi lingaliro laling'ono la kapangidwe ka selo la mitsempha.

Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani ku Myelin Sheath?

Chigoba cha myelin chili ndi ntchito zitatu zazikulu:

• Kuteteza: Monga ndanenera kale, chophimba ichi cha lipid-protein chimapereka chitetezo choteteza maselo amitsempha , mofanana ndi chivundikiro cha pulasitiki chozungulira mawaya a chingwe chamagetsi.
• Kulankhulana mwachangu: Ichi ndichifukwa chake mphamvu zamagetsi zimayenda kuchokera ku selo imodzi ya mitsempha kupita ku ina mwachangu komanso moyenera . Popanda myelin, ulendowu ukanakhala wochedwa kwambiri.
• Kusunga mphamvu ya kugwedezeka: Chigoba cha myelin ichi chimathandiza kusunga mphamvu ya uthenga pamene ukuyenda pa axon.

Myelin imapangidwa ndi maselo otchedwa oligodendrocytes mu ubongo wathu ndi msana (omwe timawatcha Central Nervous System (CNS) . Mofananamo, myelin imapangidwa ndi maselo a Schwann mu Peripheral Nervous System yathu (network ya mitsempha kunja kwa dongosolo la mitsempha, yomwe imafalikira m'thupi lonse). Mitsempha ya m'mphepete mwa mitsempha iyi ndi yomwe imatumiza mauthenga pakati pa dongosolo la mitsempha ndi thupi lonse.

Kodi mipata yomwe ili mu sheath ya myelin imatchedwa chiyani?

Musaganize za sheath ya myelin ngati chophimba chopitirira, chokhuthala. Ayi, chili ngati mzere wautali wa mabokosi. Pamene bokosi limodzi likutha ndipo bokosi lotsatira likuyamba, pali mpata wochepa. Mofananamo, sheath ya myelin imapangidwa ndi mndandanda wa zingwe za myelin zomwe zimalekanitsidwa wina ndi mnzake. Zingwe za myelin zilizonse zimatchedwa internode . Mipata yaying'ono iyi pakati pa zingwe ziwiri za myelin imatchedwa nodes za Ranvier . Zingwe za Ranvier izi zili ndi ma ayoni ambiri abwino a sodium. Chizindikiro chamagetsi, kapena impulse, chikayenda motsatira axon, chimadumpha kuchokera ku node imodzi ya Ranvier kupita ku ina. Chikadutsa mpata uwu, ma ayoni a sodium amadzazanso chizindikiro chamagetsi. Kenako chizindikirocho chimatha kupitiliza kuyenda popanda kutaya mphamvu yake kapena kutaya mphamvu yake. Ndi njira yodabwitsa kwambiri, sichoncho?

Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani ngati chigoba cha myelin chawonongeka?

Akuti pali maselo amitsempha pafupifupi 100 biliyoni m'thupi lathu. Chilichonse mwa izi chimagwira ntchito nthawi zonse, chimatumiza ndi kulandira mauthenga, chimayang'anira ntchito iliyonse m'thupi lathu. Tangoganizirani zomwe zingachitike ngati sheath ya myelin yozungulira maselo amitsempha awa itawonongeka. Kenako liwiro la chizindikiro chamagetsi lingachepe, kapena lingasiye konse. Chimodzi mwa zifukwa zazikulu zomwe myelin imawonongeka ndi chitetezo chamthupi m'thupi lathu.Maselo molakwika amaganiza kuti myelin ndi chinthu chachilendo kuchokera kunja. Kenako chitetezo chathu chamthupi chimayamba kuukira myelin. Izi zimapangitsa kuti zinthu zotupa zipangidwe, zomwe zimawononga myelin. Pamapeto pake, maselo omwe amapanga myelin (oligodendrocytes ndi maselo a Schwann) nawonso amafa. Kuwonongeka kumeneku kwa myelin sheath kumatchedwa demyelination . Kutengera komwe myelin yawukiridwa, zizindikiro zanu zimasiyana.

Ndi matenda ati omwe amawononga myelin?

Pali matenda angapo omwe amawononga myelin. Mwina munamvapo za matenda enawa.

Matenda omwe amakhudza myelin mu dongosolo la mitsempha (CNS):

Matenda ofala kwambiri omwe anthu ambiri adamvapo, omwe amaukira myelin ya dongosolo lapakati la mitsempha (ndiko kuti, ubongo ndi msana), ndi multiple sclerosis . Kuphatikiza apo, pali matenda ena angapo omwe amakhudza myelin ya dongosolo lapakati la mitsempha:

• Kufalikira kwa Encephalomyelitis: Iyi ndi njira yosowa kwambiri, yoopsa, komanso yoopsa yoteteza thupi yomwe imachitika m'mitsempha yapakati.
• Schilder's Sclerosis: Imadziwikanso kuti ``Diffuse Myelinoclastic Sclerosis'', iyi ndi matenda osowa kwambiri omwe amawononga mitsempha omwe amapezeka mwa ana.
• Transverse Myelitis: Iyi ndi matenda omwe amayambitsa kutupa kwa msana.
• Neuromyelitis Optica: Mu izi, chitetezo cha mthupi chimaukira mitsempha ya diso ndi msana kudzera mu ma antibodies .
• Optic Neuritis : Izi zimaphatikizaponso kutupa kwa mitsempha ya optic.
• Kuchotsa Myelin mu Tumefactive: Ichi ndi chotupa chimodzi chomwe chimawononga myelin chomwe chili ndi kutalika kopitilira masentimita awiri.

Matenda omwe amakhudza myelin mu dongosolo lamanjenje la m'mphepete:

• Guillain-Barre Syndrome: Zizindikirozi zimatha kuchitika munthu akatenga kachilombo kapena, kawirikawiri, munthu akalandira katemera.
• Matenda Osatha a Kutupa Ochepetsa Myelinating Polyradiculoneuropathy ( CIDP ): Uwu ndi matenda odziyimira pawokha omwe amakhudza myelin.
• Paraproteinemic Demyelinating Neuropathy: Uwu ndi mtundu wa neuropathy wokhudzana ndi kukhalapo kwa antibody yolumikizidwa ndi khansa.
• Matenda a Charcot Marie Tooth type 1 ndi mtundu X: Uwu ndi matenda amitsempha obadwa nawo.
• Kusowa kwa Mkuwa: Pamene mkuwa uli wochepa, myelin imataya mphamvu zake zoteteza ndipo imakhala yotetezeka kwambiri.

Ndi matenda ena ati omwe angawononge myelin?

Pali zifukwa zina zomwe chipolopolo cha myelin chingawonongeke kapena kuwonongedwa mwa akuluakulu:

• Stroke
• Matenda, Matenda a Chitetezo cha Mthupi ndi Kagayidwe ka Metabolic (`(Matenda a Kagayidwe ka Metabolic)`)
• Mitundu ya poizoni
• Kusowa kwa Vitamini B12
• Mankhwala ena, mwachitsanzo `(Ethambutol)`
• Kugwiritsa ntchito mowa mopitirira muyeso

Kuphatikiza apo, m'matenda angapo osowa kwambiri obadwa nawo, chipolopolo cha myelin sichimapangidwa bwino. Zitsanzo ndi monga Matenda a Tay-Sachs , Matenda a Gaucher , Matenda a Hurler, ndi Matenda a Niemann-Pick .

Tangoganizirani momwe ntchito za thupi lathu zingakhudzire ngati njira zothamanga izi zomwe zimanyamula mauthenga m'thupi lathu zitatsekedwa, monga kutsekeredwa mumsewu. Ichi ndichifukwa chake thanzi la myelin sheath ndi lofunika kwambiri.

Kodi kuwonongeka kwa myelin kungakonzedwe?

Funso limene anthu ambiri ali nalo ndi ili. Inde, myelin yoonongeka imatha kukonzedwa , m'manjenje apakati komanso m'manjenje apakati. Koma ndikofunikira kuwongolera zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa myelin, monga kutupa, ndikugwiritsa ntchito kupondereza/kusintha kwa chitetezo chamthupi (monga ma steroids , intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) , ndi mankhwala ena). Asayansi apita patsogolo kwambiri pakumvetsetsa njira zomwe zingathandize kukonza myelin. Ngakhale pali maphunziro ena abwino, sizikudziwikabe kuti apindula bwanji ndi odwala. Pakadali pano palibe mankhwala ovomerezeka okonza myelin. Nazi zitsanzo zochepa chabe kuchokera ku maphunzirowa:

• Kafukufuku waung'ono wa Gawo Lachiwiri wasonyeza kuti mankhwala oletsa antihistamine a clemastine opangidwa pakamwa ali ndi mphamvu zokonzanso myelin. Clemastine inathandiza kuti zizindikiro zamagetsi zifalikire bwino kwa odwala matenda a multiple sclerosis omwe ali ndi vuto la mitsempha ya optic. Kafukufuku wina woyambirira wa anthu adapeza kuti kuphatikiza kwa mankhwala a shuga a metformin ndi clemastine kunathandiza kubwezeretsa myelin.
• Maselo OyambiraMwa kutseka molekyulu m'maselo a oligodendrocyte, omwe amapanga myelin m'dongosolo lapakati la mitsempha (izi ndi "zomangira" za mitundu yonse ya maselo), mbewa zomwe zili ndi zizindikiro zofanana ndi multiple sclerosis zinatha kukonza myelin yawo ndikuchira pang'ono.
• Kafukufuku akupitilizabe kukhudza kuthekera kwa maselo oyambira kukonza kuwonongeka kwa myelin ndikuchepetsa kupita patsogolo kwa matendawa.
• Mankhwala ena akuwonetsa kuti ali ndi chiyembekezo choteteza dongosolo la mitsempha kuti lisawonongeke kwambiri. Mankhwala oletsa kutupa a ibudilast adachepetsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa kufa kwa maselo a muubongo (atrophy) mu kafukufuku wa Gawo Lachiwiri. Mankhwala a khunyu otchedwa phenytoin awonetsedwa kuti ndi otetezeka, amachepetsa kuwonongeka kwa myelin ndi 30% poyerekeza ndi placebo. Antioxidant lipoic acid ingathandize kupewa kuwonongeka kwina kwa mitsempha.

Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba

Kotero, tsopano mutha kuona kufunika kwa sheath iyi ya myelin pakugwira ntchito bwino kwa mitsempha yathu. Myelin ndi yofunika kwambiri kuti maselo amitsempha mabiliyoni ambiriwa agwire ntchito bwino omwe amalankhulana ndi ziwalo zonse za thupi lathu ndikuwongolera chilichonse.

• Myelin ndi chigoba choteteza chomwe chimapangidwa ndi mafuta ndi mapuloteni omwe amazungulira maselo amitsempha.
• Zimathandiza kuti mitsempha iyende mwachangu komanso bwino.
• Kuwonongeka kwa myelin kungayambitse matenda aakulu monga multiple sclerosis.
• Kafukufuku akupitilizabe pa njira zothanirana ndi kukonza matenda omwe amayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa myelin.

Matenda ndi matenda ambiri amatha kuukira myelin. Multiple sclerosis ndiye matenda odziwika bwino mwa awa. Koma nkhani yabwino ndi yakuti ofufuza nthawi zonse amafunafuna njira zotetezera, kukonza, ndi kukonzanso myelin. Ndipo akupita patsogolo pang'ono pochita izi. Chifukwa chake, pali chiyembekezo!

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Myelin, sheath ya myelin, maselo amitsempha, ma neuron, dongosolo lamitsempha, dongosolo lapakati lamitsempha, dongosolo lamitsempha lozungulira, kuchotsa myelin, multiple sclerosis