Kodi munayamba mwadzifunsapo za chiwalo chaching'ono chooneka ngati gulugufe chomwe chili pansi pa khungu pansi pa khosi lanu? Chimenecho ndi chiwalo chanu cha chithokomiro. Ndi gawo lodabwitsa komanso lofunika kwambiri m'thupi lanu. Mwachidule, chiwalo chaching'ono ichi chimagwira ntchito ngati wolamulira wamkulu pa ntchito zambiri zofunika kwambiri m'thupi lanu.
Kodi chithokomiro ndi chiyani, ndipo dongosolo la endocrine ndi chiyani?
Tiyeni tiyambe mwa kumvetsetsa tanthauzo la chithokomiro. Monga ndanenera, ndi kachiwalo kakang'ono kooneka ngati gulugufe komwe kali kutsogolo kwa khosi lanu, pansi pa mphuno yanu. Ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri mu dongosolo lanu la endocrine .
Mwina mukudzifunsa kuti, “Kodi dongosolo la endocrine ndi chiyani kwenikweni, Dokotala?” Taganizirani izi ngati netiweki ya mafakitale ang'onoang'ono, apadera m'thupi lanu lonse. Mafakitalewa amapanga mankhwala ofunikira otchedwa mahomoni . Tizilomboti timatulutsa mahomoni mwachindunji m'magazi anu, komwe amayenda m'thupi lanu lonse kuti akapereke mauthenga ku ziwalo zanu, khungu, ndi minofu. Amagwira ntchito ngati amithenga, akuuza thupi lanu zomwe muyenera kuchita komanso nthawi yoti muchite.
Ma glands ena omwe ali m'dongosolo lanu la endocrine ndi awa:
- Hypothalamus
- Pituitary gland
- Matenda a parathyroid
- Matenda a adrenal
- Chigoba cha paini
- Pancreas
- Mazira (mwa akazi)
- Ma testes (mwa amuna)
Ntchito yaikulu ya chithokomiro chanu ndikuwongolera kagayidwe kanu ka chakudya . "Kagayidwe kachakudya" ndi njira yosinthira chakudya chomwe mumadya kukhala mphamvu. Selo lililonse m'thupi lanu limafunikira mphamvu kuti ligwire ntchito, ndipo chithokomiro chanu chimalamulira momwe thupi lanu limapangira ndikugwiritsa ntchito mphamvuyo mwachangu.
Kumbukirani kuti ngati chithokomiro chanu sichikugwira ntchito bwino, chingakhudze thupi lanu lonse. Ichi ndichifukwa chake kukhala ndi chidziwitso chokhudza thanzi la chithokomiro chanu n'kofunika kwambiri.
Kodi ntchito ya chithokomiro changa ndi yotani?
Monga endocrine gland, chithokomiro chimapanga ndikutulutsa mahomoni angapo:
- Thyroxine (T4) ( Thyroxine ): Iyi ndi homoni yaikulu yomwe imapangidwa ndi chithokomiro. Ngakhale kuti siili ndi mphamvu yaikulu pa kagayidwe kachakudya, T4 ikalowa m'magazi, imasandulika kukhala T3 kudzera mu njira yotchedwa deiodination.
- Triiodothyronine (T3): Chithokomiro chimapanga T3 yochepa kuposa T4, koma T3 ndiye mahomoni amphamvu kwambiri omwe amakhudza kuchuluka kwa kagayidwe ka thupi lanu.
- Reverse triiodothyronine (RT3): Izi zimapangidwa pang'ono kwambiri. RT3 imagwira ntchito yosintha zotsatira za T3.
- Calcitonin: Homoni iyi imathandiza kulamulira kuchuluka kwa calcium m'magazi mwanu.
Kuti mupange mahomoni awa, chithokomiro chanu chimafunikira ayodini . Mumapeza ayodini kuchokera muzakudya zanu (makamaka mchere wokhala ndi ayodini) ndi madzi. Chithokomiro chimagwira ayodini iyi ndikuisintha kukhala mahomoni a chithokomiro. Ngati kuchuluka kwa ayodini m'thupi lanu kuli kochepa kwambiri kapena kokwera kwambiri, kungasokoneze luso la thupi lanu lopanga mahomoni awa moyenera.
Mahomoni a chithokomiro amakhudza mbali zambiri za thanzi lanu, kuphatikizapo:
- Momwe thupi lanu limagwiritsira ntchito mphamvu ( kagayidwe kachakudya )
- Kugunda kwa mtima
- Kupuma
- Kugaya chakudya
- Kutentha kwa thupi
- Kukula kwa ubongo
- Zochita zamaganizo
- Kusamalira khungu ndi mafupa
- Kubereka
Ndi ziwalo zina ziti ndi ma gland omwe amalumikizana ndi chithokomiro?
Dongosolo lathu la endocrine ndi lovuta kwambiri. Tizilombo tambiri timadalira zizindikiro kuchokera kwa ena kuti tiyambe kugwira ntchito, ndipo mahomoni ena amatha kuletsa ntchito ya ena.
Thupi lanu lili ndi njira yotsogola yowongolera kuchuluka kwa mahomoni a chithokomiro. Choyamba, gawo la ubongo wanu lotchedwa hypothalamus limatulutsa Hormone Yotulutsa Chithokomiro (TRH). Izi zimapatsa chizindikiro pituitary gland kuti itulutse Hormone Yolimbikitsa Chithokomiro (TSH). Kenako TSH imalimbikitsa maselo a follicular mu chithokomiro chanu kuti apange T4 ndi T3, bola ngati thupi lanu lili ndi ayodini wokwanira.
Mahomoni a chithokomiro amakhudza pafupifupi ziwalo zonse m'thupi lanu, mwachitsanzo:
- Matenda a mtima: Chithokomiro chimathandiza kulamulira kutuluka kwa mtima, kugunda kwa mtima, komanso mphamvu ya kukomoka kwa mtima.
- Mitsempha: Pamene chithokomiro sichikugwira ntchito bwino, mungakumane ndi zizindikiro zokhudzana ndi mitsempha monga dzanzi , kumva kuwawa , kupweteka, kapena kutentha. Kuphatikiza apo, chithokomiro chosagwira ntchito bwino (hypothyroidism) chingayambitse kuvutika maganizo , pomwe chithokomiro chosagwira ntchito kwambiri (hyperthyroidism) chingayambitse nkhawa .
- M'mimba: Chithokomiro chimakhudza kuyenda kwa m'mimba, momwe chakudya chimayendera m'mimba.
- Matenda a chithokomiro: Matenda a chithokomiro angayambitse kusayenda bwino kwa msambo mwa akazi komanso mavuto okhudzana ndi kubereka kwa amuna ndi akazi.
Kodi munthu angakhale ndi moyo wopanda chithokomiro?
Inde, angathe. Komabe, ngati chithokomirocho chachotsedwa, muyenera kumwa mankhwala olowa m'malo mwa mahomoni kwa moyo wanu wonse kuti mukhale ndi thanzi labwino komanso kupewa mavuto. Opaleshoni yochotsa chithokomiro, yomwe imadziwika kuti thyroidectomy , ndi njira yodziwika bwino pa matenda ena a chithokomiro.
Kodi chithokomiro chili kuti, ndipo zigawo zake ndi ziti?
Monga ndanenera, chithokomiro chili kutsogolo kwa khosi lanu, chikuzungulira trachea yanu (mpweya) . Chimaoneka ngati gulugufe—chocheperako pakati ndi mapiko awiri akuluakulu otambasula m'mbali. Chithokomiro chathanzi nthawi zambiri sichimaoneka kapena kumveka ngati chotupa; simuyenera kuchimva mukakhudza kutsogolo kwa khosi lanu.
Chithokomiro chimakhala ndi magawo awiri akuluakulu: malo olumikizirana ndi mlatho wotchedwa thyroid isthmus . Chimapangidwa ndi maselo a follicular a thyroid (thyrocytes) omwe amapanga ndikusunga mahomoni a thyroid (T3 ndi T4), komanso maselo a C omwe amapanga calcitonin.
Chithokomiro cha chithokomiro chimakhala chautali pafupifupi mainchesi awiri . Chithokomiro chathanzi nthawi zambiri sichimaoneka kapena kumveka kuchokera kunja kwa khosi lanu. Komabe, matenda ena angayambitse kukula kwa chithokomiro. Timatcha ichi kuti goiter . Ngati muli ndi goiter, mungazindikire zizindikiro zotsatirazi:
- Kutupa kooneka pansi pa khosi lanu, pansi pa Adam's apulo yanu.
- Kumva kupsinjika kapena kupanikizika pakhosi panu.
- Kusintha kwa mawu anu, monga kutopa.
Kodi ndi matenda ati omwe amakhudza chithokomiro cha chithokomiro?
Pali mitundu ingapo ya matenda a chithokomiro, ndipo ndi ofala kwambiri. Akuti anthu pafupifupi 20 miliyoni ku United States kokha ali ndi matenda enaake a chithokomiro. Azimayi ali ndi mwayi wochuluka wa matenda a chithokomiro kasanu kapena kasanu ndi kawiri kuposa amuna.
Matenda a chithokomiro amagawidwa m'magulu awiri: oyamba ndi achiwiri .
- Mu matenda oyamba a chithokomiro , vutoli limayambira mkati mwa chithokomiro chokha.
- Mu matenda a chithokomiro chachiwiri, vutoli limayamba mu pituitary gland. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mutakhala ndi `nodule` pa chithokomiro chanu chomwe chimatulutsa mahomoni ambiri a chithokomiro, ndi hyperthyroidism yoyamba. Komabe, ngati `chotupa` mu chithokomiro chanu cha pituitary chimapangitsa kuti chitulutse mahomoni ambiri a TSH, omwe amachititsa kuti chithokomiro chanu chitulutse mahomoni ambiri, ichi ndi hyperthyroidism yachiwiri.
Pali matenda anayi akuluakulu omwe amakhudza chithokomiro:
- Hypothyroidism (chithokomiro chosagwira ntchito mokwanira)
- Hyperthyroidism (chithokomiro chogwira ntchito mopitirira muyeso)
- Goiter (chithokomiro chokulirapo)
- Khansa ya chithokomiro
Hypothyroidism - Ngati chithokomiro chanu sichikugwira ntchito mokwanira
Izi zimachitika pamene chithokomiro chanu sichipanga mahomoni okwanira a chithokomiro . Chifukwa chake, njira zina zogwirira ntchito m'thupi lanu zimayamba kuchepa. Ichi ndi vuto lofala, ndipo mankhwala othandiza amapezeka.
Zomwe zimayambitsa hypothyroidism ndi izi:
- Matenda a Hashimoto: Matenda a 'autoimmune' pomwe chitetezo chamthupi chanu chimaukira molakwika chithokomiro chanu.
- Matenda a chithokomiro: Kutupa kwa chithokomiro.
- Kusowa kwa ayodini.
- Mavuto obadwa nawo (chithokomiro sichikugwira ntchito bwino kuyambira kubadwa).
- Kuchiza kwambiri matenda a hyperthyroidism ndi mankhwala.
- Kuchotsa chithokomiro pogwiritsa ntchito opaleshoni.
Hyperthyroidism - Ngati chithokomiro chanu chikugwira ntchito mopitirira muyeso
Izi zimachitika pamene chithokomiro chanu chimapanga ndikutulutsa mahomoni ambiri a chithokomiro . Izi zimapangitsa kuti kagayidwe kachakudya m'thupi lanu kachepe. Matendawa amathanso kuchiritsidwa.
Zomwe zimayambitsa hyperthyroidism ndi izi:
- Matenda a Graves: Matenda a `autoimmune`.
- Manodule a chithokomiro.
- Matenda a chithokomiro.
- Postpartum thyroiditis: Kutupa kwa chithokomiro komwe kumachitika mwana akabereka.
- Kudya kwambiri ayodini kudzera mu zakudya kapena mankhwala.
- Kuchiza mopitirira muyeso wa hypothyroidism ndi mankhwala.
- Chotupa 'chosavulaza' (chosakhala khansa) mu pituitary gland.
Goiter - chithokomiro chotupa
Goiter ndi kukula kwa chithokomiro. Ndikofala kwambiri.
Zifukwa zimasiyana malinga ndi mtundu wa goiter:
- Matenda osavuta a goiter: Izi zimachitika pamene chithokomiro sichipanga mahomoni okwanira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chikule pofuna kulimbitsa thupi.
- Matenda a endemic goiter: Izi zimachitika mwa anthu omwe sapeza ayodini wokwanira muzakudya zawo.
- Matenda a goiter osakhazikika: Nthawi zambiri, palibe chifukwa chomveka bwino, ngakhale kuti mankhwala ena monga `lithium` nthawi zina angayambitse matendawa.
Khansa ya chithokomiro
Iyi ndi khansa yomwe imayamba m'thupi la chithokomiro. Mankhwala a khansa zambiri za chithokomiro ndi opambana kwambiri. Musachite mantha; nthawi zambiri, imachiritsidwa.
Khansa ya chithokomiro imagawidwa m'magulu malinga ndi mtundu wa selo lomwe imayambira:
- Papillary: Pafupifupi 80% ya khansa ya chithokomiro ndi yamtunduwu.
- Follicular: Pafupifupi 15% ndi amtunduwu.
- Medullary: Pafupifupi 2%, zomwe zingalumikizidwe ndi `masinthidwe a majini`.
- Anaplastic: Pafupifupi 2%. Izi zimakhala zamphamvu kwambiri, ngakhale sizichitika kawirikawiri.
Kodi zizindikiro zoyambirira za matenda a chithokomiro ndi ziti?
Matenda osiyanasiyana a chithokomiro ali ndi zizindikiro zosiyana. Komabe, chifukwa chithokomiro chimagwira ntchito yayikulu pa kugunda kwa mtima, kagayidwe kachakudya, komanso kusintha kwa kutentha, muyenera kusamala ndi izi:
- Kugunda kwa mtima komwe kumakhala kochedwa kwambiri kapena kofulumira kwambiri.
- Kuchepetsa thupi kosamveka bwino kapena kuwonjezeka thupi.
- Kusamva kuzizira kapena kutentha kwambiri.
- Kumva kupsinjika maganizo kapena nkhawa.
- Kusakhazikika kwa msambo mwa akazi.
Ngati mukukumana ndi chimodzi mwa zizindikiro izi, njira yabwino kwambiri ndiyo kupita kwa dokotala ndikuyesedwa magazi kuti muwone momwe chithokomiro chanu chimagwirira ntchito.
Kodi mayeso okhazikika oyesa thanzi la chithokomiro ndi ati?
Mayeso oyamba komanso ofunikira kwambiri kuti muwone thanzi la chithokomiro chanu ndi mayeso a magazi kuti muyeze kuchuluka kwa TSH (Chithokomiro Cholimbikitsa Hormone) . Izi zimakupatsani chidziwitso cha hypothyroidism ndi hyperthyroidism.
Kawirikawiri, kuchuluka kwa magazi a TSH kumakhala pakati pa `0.5` ndi `5.0 mIU/L` (mili-mayunitsi apadziko lonse pa lita). Komabe, izi zimatha kusiyana malinga ndi labotale, zaka zanu, komanso ngati muli ndi pakati, choncho chonde yerekezerani zotsatira zanu ndi kuchuluka kwa zizindikiro zomwe zaperekedwa pa lipoti lanu.
Dokotala wanu angasankhenso kufufuza kuchuluka kwa T4 ndi T3 (mahomoni a chithokomiro) m'magazi anu.
Ngati zotsatira za mayeso anu sizili bwino, dokotala wanu angakulangizeni kuti mupange scan ya chithokomiro (pogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zochepa komanso zotetezeka kuti mupange zithunzi za chithokomiro) kapena ultrasound ya chithokomiro .
Kodi matenda a chithokomiro amachiritsidwa bwanji?
Pali njira zingapo zochiritsira matenda a chithokomiro, kutengera vuto lake komanso kuopsa kwake. Njira zitatu zazikulu zochiritsira ndi izi:
- Mankhwala
- Opaleshoni
- Chithandizo cha radiation ndi chemotherapy
Mankhwala
Mankhwala odziwika bwino omwe amaperekedwa pa matenda a chithokomiro ndi awa:
- Mankhwala oletsa chithokomiro: Mankhwalawa amagwira ntchito poletsa chithokomiro chanu kupanga mahomoni ochulukirapo. Amaperekedwa makamaka pochiza hyperthyroidism.
- Beta-blockers: Ngakhale kuti izi sizichiza matenda a chithokomiro okha, zimathandiza kwambiri pothana ndi zizindikiro zovuta za hyperthyroidism, monga kugunda kwa mtima mofulumira kapena kosakhazikika.
- Ayodini wothandiza pa khansa: Mankhwalawa amagwira ntchito powononga maselo a chithokomiro, zomwe pamapeto pake zimapangitsa kuti chithokomirocho chiwonongeke. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pa matenda a hyperthyroidism ndi mitundu ina ya khansa ya chithokomiro.
- Mankhwala a mahomoni a chithokomiro: Awa ali ndi mahomoni a chithokomiro opangidwa omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza hypothyroidism. Ngati mwachitidwa opaleshoni ya chithokomiro kapena ngati chithokomiro chanu sichikugwira ntchito bwino chifukwa cha chithandizo cha ayodini cha radioactive, mungafunike kumwa mankhwalawa moyo wanu wonse.
Opaleshoni
Njira yodziwika kwambiri yochitira opaleshoni ya matenda a chithokomiro ndi opaleshoni ya chithokomiro , yomwe imaphatikizapo kuchotsa kwathunthu chithokomiro chanu. Ndi njira yofunika kwambiri yothandizira matenda osiyanasiyana a chithokomiro ndipo nthawi zambiri ndiyo njira yoyamba yothandizira khansa ya chithokomiro.
Njira ina yochitira opaleshoni ndi lobectomy , komwe gawo linalake la chithokomiro limachotsedwa.
Chithandizo cha radiation ndi Chemotherapy
Izi ndi njira zapadera zochizira khansa ya chithokomiro. Njira zonsezi zimagwira ntchito powononga maselo a khansa ndikuletsa kukula kwawo. Komabe, chonde dziwani kuti milandu yambiri ya khansa ya chithokomiro sifunikira radiation kapena chemotherapy.
Kodi ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zingachititse kuti munthu akhale ndi vuto la chithokomiro?
Matenda a chithokomiro ndi ofala ndipo amatha kukhudza aliyense wa msinkhu uliwonse. Komabe, pali zinthu zina zomwe zingakulitse chiopsezo chanu:
- Kukhala ndi mbiri ya banja la matenda a chithokomiro (chibadwa cha majini).
- Kukhala ndi vuto la chitetezo chamthupi, monga matenda a shuga amtundu woyamba, nyamakazi, kapena lupus.
- Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala okhala ndi ayodini wambiri nthawi zonse.
- Kukhala ndi zaka zoposa 60, makamaka ngati ndinu mkazi.
Kodi ndingatani kuti chithokomiro changa chikhale chathanzi?
Njira yaikulu yosungira chithokomiro chathanzi ndikuonetsetsa kuti mukupeza ayodini wokwanira muzakudya zanu.Chithokomiro chanu chimafuna ayodini kuti chipange mahomoni moyenera. Mwamwayi, anthu ambiri amapeza ayodini wokwanira kudzera mu mchere wokhala ndi ayodini komanso chakudya cholimba.
Magwero ena a ayodini muzakudya ndi awa:
- Tchizi
- Mkaka wa ng'ombe
- Mazira
- Yogurt
- Nsomba za m'madzi amchere
- Nsomba za m'madzi (monga nkhanu, nkhanu)
- Udzu wa m'nyanja
- Mkaka wa soya
- Msuzi wa soya
Komabe, kudya kwambiri ayodini kungakhale kovulaza komanso kungayambitse mavuto azaumoyo. Ngati muli ndi nkhawa kapena mafunso okhudza thanzi la chithokomiro chanu, chonde musazengereze kukambirana ndi dokotala wanu ku Nirogi Lanka.
Kodi ndiyenera kulankhula ndi dokotala liti za matenda anga a chithokomiro?
Ngati mukuona zizindikiro monga kusintha kwa kulemera kosaneneka, kugunda kwa mtima, kapena kutentha kwambiri kapena kuzizira , chonde funsani dokotala wanu. Kuyezetsa magazi kosavuta nthawi zambiri ndiko komwe kumafunika kuti mudziwe ngati vuto la chithokomiro ndi lomwe limayambitsa zizindikiro zanu.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
Chithokomiro chanu ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri m'thupi lanu chomwe chimayang'anira ntchito zambiri zofunika m'thupi. Ngakhale matenda a chithokomiro ndi ofala kwambiri, nthawi zambiri amatha kuchiritsidwa komanso kuchiritsidwa.
Ngati mukukumana ndi zizindikiro kapena mukuda nkhawa ndi zinthu zomwe zingakubweretsereni chiopsezo, chonde musazengereze kulankhula ndi dokotala wanu. Iwo alipo kuti akupatseni chithandizo ndi chisamaliro chomwe mukufuna. Kuika patsogolo thanzi lanu ndiye chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chomwe mungachite!
Chithokomiro, Chithokomiro, Mahomoni, Hypothyroidism, Hyperthyroidism, Goiter, Khansa ya Chithokomiro
