Kodi munayamba mwadzifunsapo za kachiwalo kakang'ono kooneka ngati gulugufe komwe kali pansi pa khungu kutsogolo kwa khosi lanu? Ndi chithokomiro. Ndi gawo lodabwitsa, koma lofunika kwambiri m'thupi lathu. Mwachidule, kamwana aka kamayang'anira ntchito zambiri zofunika kwambiri m'thupi lathu.

Kodi chithokomiro ndi chiyani? Ndipo dongosolo la endocrine ndi chiyani?

Chabwino, tiyeni tiyambe tamvetsa tanthauzo la chithokomiro ichi. Ndanena kale kuti ndi chithokomiro chaching'ono chooneka ngati gulugufe . Kunena zoona, chili kutsogolo kwa khosi lanu, pansi pa mphuno yanu. Ichi ndi gawo la dongosolo lathu la endocrine . Tsopano mukufunsa kuti, "Kodi dongosolo la endocrine ndi chiyani, dokotala?" Tangoganizani, tili ndi mafakitale ang'onoang'ono m'thupi lathu. Mafakitale awa amapanga mankhwala apadera otchedwa mahomoni . Netiweki ya mafakitale amenewo ndi yomwe timatcha dongosolo la endocrine. Mahomoni opangidwa ndi ma glands awa amapita mwachindunji m'magazi, amayenda m'thupi lonse, ndipo amatumiza mauthenga ku ziwalo zosiyanasiyana, khungu, ndi minofu. Ali ngati amithenga m'matupi athu. Amauza matupi athu zomwe tiyenera kuchita komanso nthawi yoti tichite. Nazi ma glands ena omwe ali gawo la dongosolo lathu la endocrine:

• Hypothalamus
• Pituitary gland
• Matenda a parathyroid
• Matenda a adrenal
• Chigoba cha paini
• Pancreas
• Mazira (mwa akazi)
• Machende (amuna)

Ntchito yaikulu ya chithokomiro ndikuwongolera kuchuluka kwa kagayidwe kathu ka chakudya. "Metabolism" imangotanthauza njira yomwe chakudya chomwe timadya chimasandutsidwira mphamvu. Selo lililonse m'thupi lathu limafunikira mphamvu kuti ligwire ntchito. Chithokomiro chimalamulira momwe mphamvuyo imapangidwira ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito mwachangu.

Tangoganizirani, ngati chithokomiro chanu sichikugwira ntchito bwino, chingakhudze thupi lanu lonse. Choncho ndikofunikira kwambiri kudziwa izi.

Kodi chikuchitika ndi chiyani ndi chithokomiro changa?

Monga endocrine gland, chithokomiro chimapanga ndi kutulutsa mahomoni angapo. Awa ndi awa:

• Thyroxine (T4):Iyi ndi homoni yaikulu yomwe imapangidwa ndi chithokomiro. Komabe, siikhudza mwachindunji kagayidwe kachakudya. T4 ikalowa m'magazi, imasandulika kukhala T3 kudzera mu njira yotchedwa `deiodination`.
• Triiodothyronine (T3): Chithokomiro chimapanga T3 yochepa kuposa T4. Komabe, ndi homoni ya T3 yomwe imakhudza kwambiri kagayidwe kachakudya m'thupi .
• Reverse triiodothyronine (RT3): Izi zimapangidwa pang'ono kwambiri. RT3 imasinthiratu ntchito ya T3.
• Calcitonin: Homoni iyi imathandiza kulamulira kuchuluka kwa calcium m'magazi athu.

Kuti apange mahomoni a chithokomiro awa, chithokomiro chimafunikira chinthu chotchedwa ayodini . Timapeza ayodini kuchokera ku chakudya (makamaka mchere wokhala ndi ayodini) ndi madzi. Chithokomiro chimatenga ayodini iyi ndikuisintha kukhala mahomoni a chithokomiro. Taganizirani izi, ngati thupi lanu lili ndi ayodini wochuluka kapena wochepa kwambiri, zingakhudze kuchuluka kwa mahomoni a chithokomiro omwe amapanga. Mahomoni a chithokomiro amakhudza zinthu monga:

• Momwe matupi athu amagwiritsira ntchito mphamvu ( kagayidwe kachakudya )
• Kugunda kwa mtima
• Kupuma
• Kugaya chakudya
• Kutentha kwa thupi
• Kukula kwa ubongo
• Zochita zamaganizo
• Kusamalira khungu ndi mafupa
• Kubereka

Ndi ziwalo zina ziti ndi ma gland omwe amagwirizana ndi gland ya chithokomiro?

Dongosolo lathu la endocrine ndi lovuta kwambiri. Ma glands ndi mahomoni ambiri amagwira ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito zizindikiro zochokera ku ma glands ndi mahomoni ena. Komanso, mahomoni ena amatha kuletsa mahomoni ena. Palinso njira yovuta kwambiri yowongolera kuchuluka kwa mahomoni a chithokomiro m'thupi lathu. Choyamba, hypothalamus, yomwe ndi gawo la ubongo wathu, imatulutsa mahomoni otchedwa thyroid-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH iyi imalimbikitsa gawo la pituitary gland yathu, yomwe imatulutsa thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Kenako TSH iyi imalimbikitsa maselo a follicular mu chithokomiro kuti apange mahomoni a T4 ndi T3. Komabe, kuti izi zigwire ntchito, payenera kukhala ayodini wokwanira m'thupi. Chithokomiro ndi mahomoni ake zimakhudza pafupifupi dongosolo lililonse m'thupi lathu. Kuti tipereke zitsanzo zingapo:

• Matenda a mtima: Chithokomiro chimathandiza kuwongolera zinthu monga kuchuluka kwa magazi omwe mtima wathu umapopa (kutuluka kwa mtima), kugunda kwa mtima, ndi mphamvu ya kupsinjika kwa mtima wathu.
• Mitsempha:Ngati chithokomiro sichikugwira ntchito bwino, zizindikiro zokhudzana ndi mitsempha zimatha kuchitika. Mwachitsanzo, dzanzi , kumva kuwawa , kupweteka, ndi kutentha m'malo ena. Komanso, ngati ntchito ya chithokomiro yachepa (hypothyroidism), kuvutika maganizo kungachitike, ndipo ngati yawonjezeka (hyperthyroidism), nkhawa ingachitike.
• M'mimba: Chithokomiro chimagwiranso ntchito pa momwe chakudya chomwe timadya chimayendera m'mimba (kusuntha kwa m'mimba).
• Njira zoberekera: Ngati pali vuto ndi chithokomiro, nthawi ya msambo ya akazi ingakhale yosasinthasintha ndipo mavuto obereka angachitike.

Kodi munthu angakhale ndi moyo wopanda chithokomiro?

Inde, mungathe. Komabe, muyenera kumwa mankhwala olowa m'malo mwa mahomoni kwa moyo wanu wonse kuti mukhale ndi thanzi labwino komanso kupewa zotsatirapo zake. Opaleshoni yochotsa chithokomiro, yotchedwa thyroidectomy , ndi opaleshoni yofala kwambiri pa matenda ena a chithokomiro.

Kodi chithokomiro chili kuti? Kodi ziwalo zake ndi ziti? Kodi ndi chachikulu bwanji?

Monga ndanenera kale, chithokomiro chili kutsogolo kwa khosi lanu, pamwamba pa mphuno yanu (trachea) . Chimaoneka ngati gulugufe - chokhala ndi kakang'ono pakati ndi mapiko awiri akuluakulu omwe amafalikira mbali zonse ziwiri. Chithokomiro chathanzi nthawi zambiri sichimaoneka (sichimawoneka ngati chotupa m'khosi mwanu), ndipo simungathe kuchimva ngati mutachikhudza ndi chala chanu kutsogolo kwa khosi lanu. Chithokomiro chili ndi zigawo ziwiri zazikulu: ma lobes awiri (ma lobes) ndi gawo lapakati lomwe limalumikiza ma lobes awiriwa (chithokomiro isthmus) . Izi zimapangidwa ndi maselo a follicle a chithokomiro (thyrocytes), omwe amapanga ndikusunga mahomoni a chithokomiro (makamaka T3 ndi T4), ndi maselo a C , omwe amapanga hormone calcitonin. Chithokomiro chili ndi kutalika kwa mainchesi pafupifupi 2. Chithokomiro chathanzi nthawi zambiri sichimaoneka ndipo chimatuluka m'khosi. Komabe, matenda ena angayambitse chithokomiro kukula. Izi zimatchedwa goiter . Anthu ena amachitchanso "goiter." Ngati muli ndi goiter, mukhoza kuona zizindikiro monga izi:

• Kutupa kutsogolo kwa khosi, pansi pa khosi.
• Kumva kutsekeka pakhosi.
• Kusintha kwa mawu, mwachitsanzo, kumveka kwa mawu.

Ndi matenda ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zimakhudza chithokomiro cha chithokomiro?

Pali mitundu ingapo ya matenda a chithokomiro. Izi ndizofala kwambiri. Akuti anthu pafupifupi 20 miliyoni ku United States kokha ali ndi vuto linalake la chithokomiro. Azimayi ali ndi mwayi wochuluka wopeza matenda a chithokomiro nthawi zisanu kapena zisanu ndi zitatu kuposa amuna. Matenda a chithokomiro amagawidwa m'mitundu iwiri: yoyamba ndi yachiwiri .

• Mu matenda oyamba a chithokomiro, matendawa amayamba mu chithokomiro chokha.
• Mu matenda a chithokomiro chachiwiri , matendawa amayamba mu pituitary gland. Mwachitsanzo, ngati nodule ikukula pa chithokomiro chanu ndikuchipangitsa kuti chipange mahomoni ambiri a chithokomiro, ndi hyperthyroidism yoyamba. Komabe, ngati chotupa chikukula pa chithokomiro chanu ndikuchipangitsa kuti chipange TSH yambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chithokomiro chipange mahomoni ambiri, ndi hyperthyroidism yachiwiri.

Pali zinthu zinayi zazikulu zomwe zimakhudza chithokomiro:

• Hypothyroidism (chithokomiro chosagwira ntchito mokwanira)
• Hyperthyroidism ( chithokomiro chogwira ntchito mopitirira muyeso)
• Goiter ( chithokomiro chokulirapo/goiter)
• Khansa ya chithokomiro

Hypothyroidism - pamene chithokomiro sichigwira ntchito mokwanira

Izi zimachitika pamene chithokomiro chanu sichipanga mahomoni okwanira a chithokomiro . Izi zimachepetsa kagayidwe kanu ka chakudya. Ichi ndi vuto lofala. Pali mankhwala ochizira. Pali zifukwa zingapo zomwe zimayambitsa hypothyroidism:

• Matenda a Hashimoto: Uwu ndi matenda a `autoimmune`. Izi zikutanthauza kuti chitetezo chathu chamthupi chimaukira chithokomiro.
• Matenda a chithokomiro: Kutupa kwa chithokomiro.
• Kusowa kwa ayodini.
• Kulephera kwa chithokomiro chobadwa nacho.
• Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala mopitirira muyeso pa matenda a hyperthyroidism.
• Kuchotsa chithokomiro pogwiritsa ntchito opaleshoni.

Hyperthyroidism - pamene chithokomiro chimagwira ntchito mopitirira muyeso

Izi zimachitika pamene chithokomiro chanu chimapanga ndikutulutsa mahomoni ambiri a chithokomiro . Izi zimathandizira kagayidwe kanu kachakudya mwachangu. Palinso njira zochizira izi. Pali zifukwa zingapo zomwe zimayambitsa hyperthyroidism:

• Matenda a Graves: Ichinso ndi vuto la autoimmune.
• Manodule a chithokomiro.
• Matenda a chithokomiro.
• Postpartum thyroiditis: Kutupa kwa chithokomiro komwe kumachitika mwana akabereka.
• Ayodini wochuluka m'magazi, kaya kuchokera ku chakudya kapena mankhwala.
• Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala mopitirira muyeso pa vuto la hypothyroidism.
• Chotupa chosakhala cha khansa (chosaopsa) cha pituitary gland.

Goiter - kukula kwa chithokomiro

Goiter ndi kukula kwa chithokomiro. Izi zimachitikanso kawirikawiri. Zomwe zimayambitsa zimasiyana malinga ndi mtundu wa goiter:

• Matenda osavuta a goiter: Izi zimachitika pamene chithokomiro sichipanga mahomoni okwanira m'thupi. Kenako chithokomiro chimayesetsa kukula kuti chikwaniritse zosowa zake.
• Matenda a goiter omwe amapezeka m'thupi: Matendawa amapezeka mwa anthu omwe sapeza ayodini wokwanira kuchokera muzakudya zawo. Ku Sri Lanka, vutoli silikupezeka kawirikawiri chifukwa timawonjezera ayodini ku mchere womwe timadya.
• Matenda a goiter osakhazikika: Nthawi zambiri, palibe chifukwa chomveka bwino cha izi. Nthawi zina, amathanso kuchitika ndi mankhwala ena, monga lithiamu.

Khansa ya chithokomiro

Khansa iyi imayamba m'thupi la chithokomiro. Chithandizo cha khansa zambiri za chithokomiro chimakhala chopambana kwambiri. Musadandaule, nthawi zambiri imatha kuchiritsidwa. Khansa ya chithokomiro imagawidwa m'magulu malinga ndi mtundu wa selo lomwe khansa imachokera:

• Papillary: Pafupifupi 80% ya khansa ya chithokomiro ndi yamtunduwu.
• Follicular: Pafupifupi 15% ndi amtunduwu.
• Medullary: Pafupifupi 2%. Izi zitha kukhala chifukwa cha kusintha kwa majini.
• Anaplastic: Pafupifupi 2%. Izi ndi zovuta pang'ono, koma sizofala.

Kodi zizindikiro zoyambirira za matenda a chithokomiro ndi ziti?

Matenda osiyanasiyana a chithokomiro ali ndi zizindikiro zosiyana. Komabe, popeza chithokomiro chimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri m'zinthu zambiri m'thupi lathu, monga kugunda kwa mtima, kagayidwe kachakudya, ndi kuwongolera kutentha, muyenera kudziwa zizindikiro izi:

• Kuchepa kapena kuwonjezeka kwa kugunda kwa mtima.
• Kuchepa thupi kapena kunenepa popanda chifukwa.
• Kuvuta kupirira kuzizira kapena kutentha.
• Kuvutika maganizo kapena nkhawa.
• Kusakhazikika kwa msambo mwa akazi.

Ngati muli ndi chimodzi mwa zizindikiro izi, ndi bwino kupita kwa dokotala kukayezetsa magazi kuti muwone momwe chithokomiro chanu chimagwirira ntchito.

Kodi mayeso ofala omwe amachitidwa kuti aone ngati chithokomiro chili bwino ndi ati?

Mayeso oyamba komanso ofunikira kwambiri kuti muwone thanzi la chithokomiro chanu ndi mayeso a magazi kuti muwone mulingo wa TSH (Chithokomiro Cholimbikitsa Hormone). Izi zingakupatseni lingaliro la hypothyroidism ndi hyperthyroidism. Mlingo wabwinobwino wa mayeso a magazi a TSH uli pakati pa 0.5 ndi 5.0 mIU/L (mili-mayunitsi apadziko lonse lapansi pa lita). Komabe, izi zimatha kusiyana pang'ono kuchokera ku labu kupita ku labu, kutengera zinthu monga zaka zanu komanso momwe muli ndi pakati. Chifukwa chake yerekezerani ndi zomwe zili mu lipoti lanu. Dokotala wanu angayang'anenso mulingo wanu wa T4 ndi T3 (chithokomiro) m'magazi anu. Ngati zotsatira za mayeso anu sizolondola, dokotala wanu angakuwuzeni kuti mufufuze chithokomiro.Mungapemphedwe kuti muchite CT scan (yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ang'onoang'ono komanso otetezeka a radioactive kujambula zithunzi za chithokomiro) kapena thyroid ultrasound .

Kodi matenda a chithokomiro amachiritsidwa bwanji?

Pali njira zingapo zochizira matenda a chithokomiro. Zimatengera mtundu wa matendawa komanso momwe alili oopsa. Pali njira zitatu zazikulu zochizira:

• Mankhwala
• Opaleshoni
• Chithandizo cha radiation ndi chemotherapy

Mankhwala

Mankhwala a matenda a chithokomiro:

• Mankhwala oletsa chithokomiro: Mankhwalawa amaletsa chithokomiro kupanga mahomoni. Amaperekedwa chifukwa cha hyperthyroidism.
• Beta-blockers: Mankhwalawa amawongolera zizindikiro za hyperthyroidism (monga kugunda kwa mtima mofulumira), koma sachiza matenda a chithokomiro okha.
• Ayodini wothandiza pa poizoni: Mankhwalawa amawononga maselo a chithokomiro, kenako amawononga chithokomiro. Ndi mankhwala a hyperthyroidism ndi khansa ya chithokomiro.
• Mankhwala a mahomoni a chithokomiro: Awa ndi mahomoni a chithokomiro opangidwa. Amaperekedwa pochiza hypothyroidism. Anthu omwe adachotsedwa chithokomiro kapena omwe chithokomiro chawo sichikugwira ntchito chifukwa cha ayodini wowopsa ayenera kumwa mankhwalawa moyo wawo wonse.

Opaleshoni

Njira yaikulu yochitira opaleshoni ya matenda a chithokomiro ndi opaleshoni ya thyroidectomy . Izi zimaphatikizapo kuchotsa chithokomiro chonse mwa opaleshoni. Kuchotsa chithokomiro ndi njira yochizira matenda a chithokomiro ndipo ndi njira yoyamba yochizira khansa ya chithokomiro. Njira ina yochizira ndi opaleshoni ya lobectomy , yomwe imachotsa gawo lokha la chithokomiro.

Chithandizo cha radiation ndi chemotherapy

Izi ndi njira zochizira khansa ya chithokomiro. Mankhwala onsewa amapha maselo a khansa ndikuletsa kukula. Komabe, khansa zambiri za chithokomiro sizifuna chithandizo cha radiation kapena chemotherapy.

Kodi ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zingachititse kuti munthu adwale matenda a chithokomiro?

Matenda a chithokomiro ndi ofala ndipo amatha kugwira anthu azaka zilizonse. Komabe, pali zinthu zina zomwe zingakulitse chiopsezo chanu chotenga matenda a chithokomiro:

• Kukhala ndi mbiri ya banja la matenda a chithokomiro (cholowa).
• Kukhala ndi matenda odziteteza ku matenda ena monga matenda a shuga amtundu woyamba, nyamakazi, kapena lupus.
• Kumwa mankhwala omwe ali ndi ayodini wambiri.
• Kukhala ndi zaka zoposa 60, makamaka ngati ndinu mkazi.

Kodi ndingatani kuti chithokomiro changa chikhale chathanzi?

Zomwe mukufunikira kuti chithokomiro chanu chikhale chathanziNjira yaikulu ndikupeza ayodini wokwanira kuchokera muzakudya zomwe mumadya. Chithokomiro chimafuna ayodini kuti chipange mahomoni a chithokomiro. Nkhani yabwino ndi yakuti anthu ambiri amapeza ayodini wokwanira kuchokera ku mchere wokhala ndi ayodini komanso zakudya zokhala ndi ayodini wowonjezera. Zakudya zina zomwe zili ndi ayodini:

• Tchizi
• Mkaka wa ng'ombe
• Mazira
• Yogurt
• Nsomba za m'nyanja
• Nsomba zotchedwa Shellfish, monga nkhanu ndi shrimp
• Udzu wa m'nyanja
• Mkaka wa soya
• Msuzi wa soya

Komabe, kumwa ayodini wochuluka sikwabwino ndipo kungayambitsenso mavuto. Ngati muli ndi mafunso kapena nkhawa zokhudzana ndi thanzi la chithokomiro chanu, musazengereze kulankhula ndi dokotala wanu.

Kodi ndiyenera kulankhula ndi dokotala liti za matenda anga a chithokomiro?

Ngati mukukumana ndi zizindikiro za matenda a chithokomiro, monga kusintha kwa kulemera kwanu, kugunda kwa mtima, kapena kutentha thupi , onani dokotala wanu. Iye akhoza kuyesa magazi mosavuta kuti aone ngati chithokomiro chanu chikuyambitsa zizindikiro zanu.

Pomaliza, zinthu zoti muzikumbukira (Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba)

Matenda a chithokomiro chanu ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri mu dongosolo lanu la endocrine. Amakhudza zinthu zambiri m'thupi lanu. Matenda a chithokomiro ndi ofala kwambiri, ndipo amatha kuchiritsidwa ndikuchiritsidwa kwambiri.

Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro zokhudzana ndi matenda a chithokomiro, kapena ngati mukufuna kudziwa ngati muli ndi zinthu zomwe zingakuchititseni kudwala matenda a chithokomiro, musachite mantha kapena kukayikira kulankhula ndi dokotala wanu. Ali pano kuti akuthandizeni. Kusamalira thanzi lanu ndiye chinthu chofunikira kwambiri!

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Chithokomiro, chithokomiro, mahomoni, hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, goiter, khansa ya chithokomiro