Tiyeni tiphunzire za dongosolo lodabwitsa lomwe limagwira ntchito mosazindikira m'thupi lathu: Dongosolo la Mitsempha Lodziyimira Payokha!

Kodi munayamba mwadzifunsapo momwe mumapumira, mtima wanu umagunda, ndi momwe mumagayira chakudya chomwe mumadya zonse zimachitika zokha, popanda kuganizira za izi? Kodi sizodabwitsa? Lero tikambirana za dongosolo lofunika kwambiri lomwe limagwira ntchito zambiri zofunika mkati mwa matupi athu, popanda ife kuzindikira. Imeneyo ndi dongosolo la mitsempha lodziyimira lokha, kapena mu Chingerezi, ``Autonomic Nervous System''.

Kodi dongosolo la mitsempha lotchedwa Autonomic Nervous System ndi chiyani?

Mwachidule, dongosolo la mitsempha lodziyimira palokha ndi gawo la dongosolo lathu lonse la mitsempha. Lili ngati gulu laling'ono koma lofunika kwambiri mu netiweki yayikulu ya makompyuta mkati mwa thupi lathu. Ntchito yake yayikulu ndikulamulira ntchito za thupi zosafunikira zomwe ndizofunikira kuti tipulumuke, koma zomwe sitimazilamulira mwadala. Dongosololi limagwira ntchito mukagona komanso mukadzuka. Simuyenera kuganizira za izi, ubongo wanu umasamalira zonse.

Kodi izi zili kuti mu dongosolo lathu la mitsempha?

Mukudziwa kuti dongosolo lathu lonse la mitsempha limagawidwa m'magawo awiri akuluakulu.

1. Central Nervous System : Apa ndi pomwe ubongo wathu ndi msana wathu zili. Kodi n'zosadabwitsa? Ngakhale retina ndi mitsempha ya maso athu zimaonedwa ngati mbali za ubongo.

2. Mitsempha Yam'mbali : Izi zikuphatikizapo ziwalo zina zonse za mitsempha yathu kupatula ubongo ndi msana.

Tsopano dongosolo la mitsempha la m'mphepete mwa ubongo lagawidwanso m'magawo awiri:

• Dongosolo la Mitsempha la Somatic : Ili ndi gawo la dongosolo la mitsempha lomwe limalamulira minofu yomwe timalamulira mwanzeru (monga kusuntha manja athu) ndi chidziwitso chomwe timalandira kuchokera ku mphamvu zathu (kumva, kununkhiza, kulawa, kukhudza ). Kuona si gawo la dongosololi, chifukwa zigawo za diso zomwe zimayambitsa kuwona zili mu ubongo.
• Dongosolo Lathu La Mitsempha Lodziyimira Payokha : Uyu ndiye mtsogoleri wathu. Uwu ndi mgwirizano wa mitsempha womwe umalumikiza ubongo wathu ndi ziwalo zambiri zamkati mwa thupi lathu.

Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani ku Autonomic Nervous System?

Dongosolo la mitsempha lodziyimira palokhali limagawidwanso m'magawo atatu akuluakulu, omwe aliyense amachita ntchito zake mosiyana.

Dongosolo la Nervous Lomvera Chifundo - njira ya "nkhondo-kapena-kuthawa"

Dongosolo ili ndi lomwe limachitika pakagwa ngozi, pakagwa mavuto, kapena pakagwa ngozi.Matupi athu amakonzekera. Tangoganizani kuti mukuyenda mumsewu ndipo mwadzidzidzi galu akukuukirani. Mtima wanu umagunda kwambiri, thupi lanu limayamba kutuluka thukuta, maso anu amatseguka, ndipo thupi lanu likukonzekera kuthamanga kapena kumenyana, sichoncho? Pamenepo ndi pomwe dongosolo la mitsempha la sympathetic limayamba. Ndicho chimene timachitcha kuti "nkhondo kapena kuthawa".

Dongosolo la Nervous la Parasympathetic – njira ya “kupumula ndi kugaya”

Izi ndi zosiyana kwambiri ndi zomwe dongosolo la mitsempha la sympathetic limachita. Ndicho chimatonthoza matupi athu, kuwapumulitsa, komanso chimathandiza kugaya chakudya . Mukadya chakudya chabwino ndipo mutakhala pampando m'chipinda chochezera, mumamva bwino ... nthawi yomweyo dongosololi limagwira ntchito.

Dongosolo la Mitsempha ya M'mimba - Katswiri wa kugaya chakudya

Iyi ndi yapadera pang'ono. Dongosololi makamaka limayang'anira momwe dongosolo lathu logaya chakudya limagwirira ntchito . Asayansi ena amanena kuti ndi lovuta ngati dongosolo losiyana.

Kodi Autonomic Nervous System imathandiza bwanji ziwalo zina?

Monga momwe nyumba imafunikira mawaya amagetsi kuti iyatse magetsi ndikupangitsa zida zina kugwira ntchito, ubongo wathu umafunikanso netiweki ya mitsempha yotchedwa autonomic nervous system. Mitsempha iyi imapatsa ubongo maulalo akuthupi omwe amafunikira kuti azilamulira ziwalo zambiri zazikulu zamkati mwa thupi lathu.

Tiyeni tiwone zomwe dongosololi limalamulira m'thupi lathu:

• Maso : Ngakhale kuti sakugwirizana mwachindunji ndi masomphenya anu, amalamulira kukula kwa diso lanu (komwe kumalamulira kuchuluka kwa kuwala komwe kumalowa m'diso) ndi minofu yomwe imayang'ana diso.
• Misozi, mamina, ndi malovu : Dongosololi limalamulira kutuluka kwa misozi m'maso, kutuluka kwa mamina m'mphuno, ndi kutuluka kwa malovu mkamwa.
• Khungu : Limalamulira kupanga thukuta, komanso minofu yomwe imapangitsa thupi kukhala lolimba (ndicho chimene "tsitsi limakula").
• Mtima ndi kayendedwe ka magazi : Zimalamulira momwe mtima umagunda mofulumira, momwe umapopera mwamphamvu, komanso kukula kwa mitsempha yamagazi . Izi zimalamulira kugunda kwa mtima ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi .
• Chitetezo chamthupi : Chitetezo chamthupi chanu cha parasympathetic nervous system chingayambitse chitetezo chamthupi. Izi zitha kuchitika pazochitika monga matenda, mphumu , komanso ziwengo.
• MapapuIzi zimalamulira kukula kwa njira yanu yopumira komanso njira zolumikizirana zomwe zimanyamula mpweya kulowa ndi kutuluka m'mapapu anu.
• Matumbo ang'onoang'ono ndi matumbo akuluakulu : Amayendetsa ntchito yonse yogaya chakudya kuyambira m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono mpaka m'matumbo akuluakulu. Amathandizanso kuti minofu ya m'matumbo ikhale yolimba mpaka mutayamba kuchita chimbudzi.
• Chiwindi ndi Pancreas : Izi zimawongolera kutulutsa mahomoni monga ``Insulin`` kuchokera ku kapamba, komwe kumasintha mphamvu yosungidwa m'chiwindi kukhala ``Glucose`` yomwe maselo athu angagwiritse ntchito.
• Dongosolo la mkodzo : Limalamulira minofu ya chikhodzodzo chanu. Dongosololi ndi lomwe limasunga chikhodzodzo chanu mpaka mutayamba kukodza.
• Mchitidwe woberekera : Njira imeneyi ndi yofunika kwambiri pa ntchito zogonana monga kudzuka kwa chilakolako cha kugonana (kudzuka kwa mbolo, kutulutsa madzi odzola panthawi yogonana) komanso kuthekera kofika pachimake.

Tiyeni tiphunzire mfundo zina zosangalatsa zokhudza dongosolo la mitsempha lodziyimira palokha.

• Kulinganiza pakati pa machitidwe a sympathetic ndi parasympathetic : Ganizirani ngati sikelo. Ngakhale kuti sympathetic imafulumizitsa ntchito za thupi, parasympathetic imachedwetsa kapena kuichepetsa. Kulinganiza kumeneku ndikofunikira kwambiri pa moyo wathu wabwino komanso kupulumuka .
• Njira Zosiyanasiyana Zolankhulirana : Thupi lathu la mitsempha limagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala (otchedwa ``neurotransmitters'') opangidwa ndi tiziwalo tosiyanasiyana m'thupi lathu ndi muubongo kuti apereke mauthenga. Limagwiritsanso ntchito mphamvu zamagetsi mkati mwa ``neurons''. Limasinthana pakati pa njira zamagetsi ndi mankhwala izi ngati pakufunika.
• Kuvuta kwa dongosolo la mitsempha la enteric : Ndi lovuta kwambiri kotero kuti akatswiri ena amaliona ngati gawo losiyana la dongosolo lonse la mitsempha osati gawo la dongosolo la mitsempha lodziyimira palokha. Izi zili choncho chifukwa dongosolo la enteric lili ndi ma neuron ambiri (maselo apadera omwe amapanga ubongo, chingwe cha msana, ndi mitsempha) monga momwe chingwe cha msana chimagwirira ntchito.

Kodi dongosololi lili kuti?

Dongosolo la mitsempha lodziyimira palokha ndi netiweki ya mitsempha yomwe imayenda m'mutu ndi m'thupi mwathu. Mitsempha ina imachokera mwachindunji ku ubongo. Ina imachokera ku msana, womwe umanyamula zizindikiro kuchokera ku ubongo kupita ku mitsempha imeneyo.

Mitsempha ya Cranial

Pali mitundu 12 ya mitsempha ya cranial, kapena "Cranial Nevers". Iyi imalekanitsidwa ndi kutchulidwa ndi manambala achiroma. Mitsempha ya mitsempha ya dongosolo lathu la mitsempha yodziyimira payokha imapezeka mu 4 mwa 12 ya mitsempha ya cranial. Iyi ndi mitsempha yachitatu, yachisanu ndi chiwiri, yachisanu ndi chinayi, ndi ya khumi ya cranial nerves. Iyi imayang'anira kufalikira kwa mwana wakhanda, kuyang'ana diso, misozi, mphuno, malovu, ndi ntchito za ziwalo pachifuwa ndi m'mimba.

Mitsempha ya Msana

Komanso, dongosolo la mitsempha lodziyimira palokha limagwiritsa ntchito mitsempha yambiri ya msana 31. Izi zikuphatikizapo mitsempha ya msana yomwe ili pachifuwa chathu ndi kumbuyo kwathu (thoracic), kumbuyo kwathu (vertebral), ndi tailbone (sacrum).

Ndi kudzera mu kulumikizana kwa mitsempha ya msana kumeneku komwe dongosolo lamanjenje lodzilamulira limalamulira ziwalo izi:

• Mtima
• Mapapu
• Chiwindi
• Pancreas
• Nkhumba
• Mimba
• Matumbo ang'onoang'ono ndi akuluakulu
• Impso
• Chikhodzodzo
• Ziwalo zoberekera

Malo olamulira: Hypothalamus

Mbali ya ubongo wathu yomwe imalamulira zochita za autonomic ndi hypothalamus. Ngakhale kuti si mbali ya dongosolo la mitsempha lodziyimira palokha, ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri la momwe limagwirira ntchito.

Kodi izi zimapangidwa ndi chiyani?

Dongosolo la mitsempha lodziyimira palokha limapangidwa ndi maselo omwewo monga dongosolo lathu lonse la mitsempha. Mitundu ikuluikulu ya maselo ndi awa:

Ma neuron - amithenga

Maselo amenewa ndi omwe amatumiza ndi kulandira zizindikiro. Amapanga ubongo wathu, msana, ndi mitsempha. Amasinthanso pakati pa zizindikiro zamagetsi ndi zamagetsi.

Zigawo za neuron:

• Thupi la selo : Ichi ndi gawo lalikulu la selo.
• Axon : Iyi ndi gawo lalitali, longa mkono la axon. Kumapeto kwa axon kuli zokulitsa zingapo zofanana ndi zala. Apa ndi pomwe chizindikiro chamagetsi cha neuron chimasinthidwa kukhala chizindikiro cha mankhwala. Zokulitsa izi, kapena ma synapses, zimalumikizana ndi maselo ena amitsempha apafupi.
• Ma dendrite : Awa ndi kapangidwe kakang'ono, kokhala ndi nthambi pa thupi la selo (dzinalo limachokera ku liwu la Chilatini lotanthauza "monga mtengo"). Ma dendrite awa amalandira zizindikiro za mankhwala kuchokera ku synapses ya ma neuron ena.
• Myelin : Iyi ndi gawo lochepa la mafuta. Myelin ndi chophimba choteteza kuzungulira ma axon a ma neuron ambiri.

Ma dendrite a neuron imodzi amatha kulumikizana ndi ma synapses ena ambirimbiri. Ma neuron ena amatha kukhala ataliatali kapena afupiafupi, kutengera komwe ali m'thupi komanso ntchito yomwe amagwira.

Maselo a Glial - othandizira ma neuron

Maselo a glial (otchedwa "gli-al") amachita ntchito zambiri zosiyanasiyana. Amathandiza ma neuron kukula ndikukula tili aang'ono, komanso amasamalira momwe ma neuron amagwirira ntchito m'miyoyo yathu yonse. Amateteza dongosolo lathu la mitsempha ku matenda, amawongolera bwino momwe mankhwala amagwirira ntchito m'mitsempha, komanso amalumikiza ma axon a ma neuron. Pali maselo a glial ochulukirapo kuwirikiza kakhumi kuposa ma neuron.

Nuclei ndi Ganglia - magulu a maselo

• Nuclei : Izi ndi magulu a maselo a mitsempha omwe amagwira ntchito mofanana kapena ali ndi maulumikizidwe ofanana.
• Ganglia: (Izi zimatchulidwa kuti “gang-lee-ya”, chimodzi ndi “gang-lee-on”) Awa ndi magulu a maselo amitsempha olumikizana. Si maselo onse omwe ali nawo omwe ali ndi ntchito yofanana kapena kulumikizana kofanana, koma ali m'dera lomwelo kapena olumikizidwa ku machitidwe omwewo. Mwachitsanzo, cochlear ndi vestibular ganglia zimagwirizana ndi kumva kwathu ndi kulinganiza.

Kodi ndi matenda ati omwe amakhudza Autonomic Nervous System?

Pali zinthu zambiri zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a autonomic nervous system (izi zimatchedwa "Autonomic Neuropathy"). Zitsanzo zina zodziwika bwino ndi izi:

• Matenda a Shuga a Mtundu Wachiwiri : Matenda a shuga osalamulirika amatha kuwononga dongosolo lamanjenje lodziyimira palokha pakapita nthawi. Mwachitsanzo, kutsika kwa magazi m'thupi kumachitika pamene kuthamanga kwa magazi kumatsika munthu akaima. Matenda a shuga otchedwa diabetes neuropathy, omwe ndi kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha matenda a shuga, amatha kukhudza momwe magazi amawonjezera kuthamanga kwa magazi munthu akaima.
• Amyloidosis : Pa vutoli, tinthu ta mapuloteni tomwe timapinda molakwika timasonkhana m'malo osiyanasiyana a thupi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mitsempha iwonongeke kwa nthawi yayitali.
• Matenda a autoimmune ndi kutupa : Chitsanzo chabwino cha izi ndi Guillain-Barré Syndrome.
• Matenda obadwa nawo komanso majini : Awa ndi matenda kapena zinthu zomwe zimapezeka pobadwa. Matenda a majini amatengera kwa makolo. Matenda a Hirschsprung ndi chitsanzo cha izi.
• Matenda : Kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha kungayambitsidwe ndi mavairasi monga HIV, matenda a Lyme, kapena matenda a Chagas, omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kulumidwa ndi tizilombo. Angayambitsidwenso ndi matenda ena monga botulism kapena tetanus.
• Kufooka kwa Mitsempha Yambiri : Matendawa ndi ofanana ndi matenda a Parkinson. Pakapita nthawi, amawononga mitsempha ya autonomic.
• Poizoni ndi zinthu zoopsa : Zitsulo zolemera zoopsa monga mercury ndi lead zimatha kuwononga dongosolo lamanjenje lodziyimira palokha. Mankhwala ambiri amafakitale amathanso kuyambitsa mtundu uwu wa kuwonongeka. Mowa ukhozanso kukhala ndi zotsatirapo zoyipa pa dongosolo lamanjenje lodziyimira palokha.
• Kuvulala : Ngozi zimatha kuwononga mitsempha. Izi zitha kukhala za nthawi yayitali kapena zosatha. Kuvulala kwa msana, makamaka komwe kumakhudza dongosolo la mitsempha lotsika, kumatha kuwononga kapena kudula zolumikizira zomwe zimatsogolera ku msana.
• Zotupa : Zotupa zonse za khansa komanso zosaopsa zimatha kusokoneza dongosolo lanu la mitsempha lodziyimira palokha.

Kodi zizindikiro zofala za vutoli ndi ziti?

Zizindikiro za matenda a autoimmune zimadalira komwe kuwonongeka kuli. Mu matenda monga matenda a shuga amtundu wachiwiri, kuwonongeka kumatha kuchitika m'malo ambiri a thupi. Zizindikiro zomwe nthawi zambiri zimawoneka pamene chitetezo cha mthupi chawonongeka ndi monga:

• Mavuto a mtima (kuphatikizapo arrhythmias).
• Chizungulire kapena kutaya chidziwitso mukakhala chilili.
• Kuvuta kumeza (Dysphagia).
• Mavuto am'mimba (kuphatikizapo gastroparesis).
• Kudzimbidwa.
• Kuvuta kutulutsa mkodzo kapena ndowe (kutayika kwa chikhodzodzo kapena matumbo - `Kusadziletsa`).
• Chisembwere.
• Kutuluka thukuta kwambiri (Hyperhidrosis) kapena kusowa thukuta (Anhidrosis).
• Kuvuta kupirira nyengo yotentha.

Ndi mayeso ati omwe alipo kuti aone thanzi la Autonomic Nervous System?

Pali mayeso angapo omwe angathandize kuzindikira mavuto a dongosolo la mitsempha lodziyimira palokha. Ena mwa iwo ndi awa:

• Kuyezetsa magazi : Izi zimatha kuzindikira mavuto osiyanasiyana, kuyambira mavuto a chitetezo chamthupi mpaka poizoni ndi poizoni (makamaka zitsulo monga mercury ndi lead).
• Electrocardiogram (EKG)
• Electroencephalogram (EEG) .
• Electromyogram (kuyesa koyendetsa mitsempha) .
• Kuyesa majini .
• Chithunzi cha Magnetic Resonance (MRI) .

Kodi mankhwala ochizira izi ndi otani?

Chithandizo cha matenda odziteteza ku matenda a autoimmune chingakhale chapadera kwambiri, kutengera matendawa. Mankhwala ena amakhudza matendawo okha kapena chomwe chimayambitsa. Mankhwala ena amangochiza zizindikiro zokha, makamaka ngati palibe mankhwala kapena chithandizo chokhazikika cha matendawa. Izi zikutanthauza kuti palibe chithandizo "chofanana" cha matenda awa. Mankhwala angathandize matenda ena, koma osati onse.

Kodi mungadziteteze bwanji ku mavuto a Autonomic Nervous System?

Kupewa kuwonongeka kwa dongosolo lamanjenje lodziyimira palokha ndiyo njira yabwino kwambiri yodzitetezera ku matenda omwe amakhudza dongosololi. Njira zabwino kwambiri zodzitetezera ndi izi:

• Idyani zakudya zopatsa thanzi . Kusowa kwa mavitamini, makamaka kusowa kwa vitamini B12, kungawononge dongosolo lanu la mitsempha lodziyimira palokha.
• Pewani kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi mowa mopitirira muyeso . Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo mopitirira muyeso komanso mopitirira muyeso, komanso mowa, kungawononge dongosolo la mitsempha lodzilamulira lokha.
• Khalani ndi thupi lochita masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso kukhala ndi kulemera kwabwino . Izi zingathandize kupewa kapena kuchedwetsa kuyamba kwa matenda a shuga a mtundu wa 2, omwe angawononge mitsempha yodziyimira payokha pakapita nthawi. Zingathandizenso kupewa kuvulala komwe kungawononge madera a msana omwe amakhudza dongosolo la mitsempha yodziyimira payokha.
• Valani zida zodzitetezera ngati pakufunika kutero.Ngozi ndi chifukwa chachikulu cha kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha. Kugwiritsa ntchito zida zodzitetezera kuntchito ndi kusewera kungakuthandizeni kukutetezani ku ngozi zamtunduwu, kapena kuchepetsa kuopsa kwa ngozizo.
• Thandizani matenda osatha monga momwe mukulimbikitsira . Ngati muli ndi matenda osatha omwe angakhudze mitsempha yanu ya autonomic - makamaka matenda a shuga amtundu wachiwiri - muyenera kuchitapo kanthu kuti muthane ndi vutoli. Izi zingathandize kuchepetsa zotsatira za vutoli kapena kuchedwetsa nthawi yomwe imatenga kuti lifike poipa kwambiri. Dokotala wanu angakutsogolereni njira zothanirana ndi vuto lanu.

Chofunika : Dongosolo la mitsempha lodziyimira palokha ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pa moyo wanu. Nthawi zambiri, simuyenera kuganizira za izi, zimangogwira ntchito yake. Kusamalira thupi lanu, makamaka dongosolo lanu la mitsempha, ndiyo njira yabwino kwambiri yopewera matenda omwe amawononga dongosolo la mitsempha lodziyimira palokha. Kenako mutha kuyang'ana kwambiri zinthu zomwe mukufuna kuziyang'ana.

Chinthu chofunika kwambiri chomwe tiyenera kukumbukira (Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba)

Mwachidule, Dongosolo lathu la Mitsempha Lodzilamulira Lokha ndi dongosolo lodabwitsa komanso lodzilamulira lokha m'thupi lathu. Ngakhale sitikudziwa, limasamalira zinthu zambiri zofunika, kuyambira kupuma kwathu mpaka kugunda kwa mtima wathu mpaka kugaya chakudya.

Kusunga dongosololi kukhala lathanzi ndikofunikira kwambiri pa thanzi lathu lonse. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kutsatira moyo wathanzi, kutsatira upangiri woyenera wachipatala, ndikusamalira matupi athu . Chifukwa bola ngati wantchito wosalankhula uyu akugwira ntchito bwino, tili ndi ufulu woganizira zinthu zina m'miyoyo yathu.