Chipinda chobisika chowongolera ubongo: Tiyeni tingophunzira za Basal Ganglia!

Ubongo wathu ndi malo odabwitsa kwambiri, sichoncho? Uli ngati kompyuta yaikulu. Gawo lililonse la ubongo uwu limagwira ntchito yosiyana. Lero tikambirana za gulu la ziwalo zomwe zili mkati mwa ubongo, koma zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri. Izi ndi zomwe timazitcha Basal Ganglia . Mwina simunamvepo dzinali kale. Koma palibe vuto, tiyeni tikambirane za dzinali lero.

Kodi Basal Ganglia ndi chiyani?

Mwachidule, basal ganglia ndi gulu la zinthu zapadera zomwe zili pafupi ndi pakati pa ubongo wanu zomwe zimagwira ntchito limodzi. Ganizirani ngati gulu laling'ono mkati mwa ubongo wanu. Ntchito yayikulu ya gululi ndikuthandizira kusamutsa chidziwitso pakati pa ziwalo zosiyanasiyana za ubongo wanu. Zimagwira ntchito ngati mlatho, kulumikiza madera osiyanasiyana. Ntchito imodzi yofunika kwambiri yomwe amachita ndikuwongolera zizindikiro zomwe ubongo wanu umatumiza kuti usunthe minofu yanu . Mukasuntha mkono wanu, kuyenda, kapena kulankhula, basal ganglia imathandiza zizindikiro kuyenda bwino.

Kodi kwenikweni chimachitika ndi chiyani mu basal ganglia?

Magulu a ganglia oyambira ndi ofunikira kwambiri kuposa momwe mungaganizire. Tikudziwa zambiri za ntchito yawo yolamulira kayendedwe ka thupi, koma amagwira ntchito zina zambiri. Madokotala ndi asayansi akadali kuzindikira ntchito zawo zonse.

1. Kulamulira mayendedwe a thupi lathu

Iyi ndiye ntchito yayikulu komanso yodziwika bwino ya basal ganglia. Basal ganglia ndi gawo lalikulu la netiweki ya maselo amitsempha muubongo omwe amalamulira mayendedwe onse omwe mumachita mwadala, kutanthauza mayendedwe odzifunira. Tangoganizirani, mukaganiza zochita china chake, ubongo wanu umatumiza chizindikiro chokhudzana nacho. Pamene chizindikirochi chikudutsa mu basal ganglia, amafufuza ngati chizindikirochi "ndi cholondola" kapena "cholakwika" . Zili ngati chipata.

• Zizindikiro zofunika ndi izi: Zisiyeni. Kenako chizindikirocho chimapita ku minofu yoyenera ndipo mutha kuchita zimenezo.
• Zizindikiro zosafunikira kapena zolakwika: Zimatsekeka kapena kusinthidwa. Ichi ndichifukwa chake mukasuntha minofu imodzi, minofu ina yapafupi yomwe siili yolumikizidwa nayo imasiyidwa yosasunthika.

Ma ganglia a basal amalandiranso chidziwitso kuchokera ku mphamvu zanu zisanu (maso, makutu, mphuno, lilime, khungu). Pogwiritsa ntchito chidziwitsochi, zimakuthandizani kuti mayendedwe anu akhale olondola komanso olondola.

2. Kupanga zisankho, kuphunzira ndi zizolowezi

Kuwonjezera pa kuyenda, basal ganglia amachitanso zinthu zina zofunika kwambiri.

• Kupanga zisankho: Izi zimakuthandizani kukonza zinthu ngati izi mukakhazikitsa cholinga ndikuganizira zoopsa zomwe zingachitike.
• Maganizo ndi chilimbikitso:Izi zikugwirizananso ndi momwe mukumvera komanso cholinga chanu chochita zinazake.
• Kuphunzira ndi zizolowezi: Mukaphunzira chinthu chatsopano, zizolowezi zabwino kapena zoyipa zimapangidwa ndi ntchito za basal ganglia izi. Izi ndizofunikira mukamapanga dongosolo komanso mukamaligwiritsa ntchito.

3. Kumva chisangalalo ndi zizolowezi

Popeza kuti basal ganglia imagwirizanitsidwa ndi zinthu monga malingaliro, zolinga, ndi zizolowezi, zimathandizanso kulamulira momwe mumamvera kuti mwapindula mukachita chinachake komanso momwe mumamvera kuti mupewe china chake.

Anthu amakhala okonda zinthu monga kusuta fodya ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo chifukwa chakuti basal ganglia imalumikizidwa ndi dongosolo la mphotho la ubongo. Izi zikutanthauza kuti zimakhudzanso zinthu monga chizolowezi.

Kodi zimenezi zili kuti kwenikweni mu ubongo? Kodi zimapangidwa ndi chiyani?

Basal ganglia si kapangidwe kamodzi mu ubongo. Ndi gulu la mapangidwe angapo omwe ali pakati pa ubongo, mozama pang'ono. Pakati pa izi, zazikulu ndi `Caudate nucleus`, `Globus pallidus`, ndi `Putamen`. Kupatula apo, ziwalo zina zofunika monga `Subthalamic nucleus` ndi `Substantia nigra` nazonso zili m'dongosololi. Taganizirani ngati `(circuit board)` mu chipangizo chamagetsi. Zigawo zosiyanasiyana za basal ganglia zimalumikizana ndipo zimagwira ntchito popanga kulumikizana ndi ziwalo zina za ubongo. Maulalo ena amapereka zizindikiro zoyambira kuchitapo kanthu (chosangalatsa) , pomwe maulalo ena amapereka zizindikiro zoletsa kuchitapo kanthu (choletsa) . Zizindikiro izi zimasinthidwa kudzera mu mankhwala apadera otchedwa neurotransmitters . Kodi ndi zazikulu bwanji? Basal ganglia zonsezi zikaphatikizidwa, zimatenga malo okwana masentimita 10. Ndiko kuti, pafupifupi kukula kwa mpira wamba woseweretsa . Ngakhale kuti ndi zazing'ono, zimagwira ntchito yambiri, sichoncho? Kodi zimapangidwa ndi chiyani? Ngakhale dzina lakuti "basal ganglia" limatanthauza "ganglia", sikuti ali ndi ganglia yokha, komanso ali ndi ma nuclei. Mwachidule:

• Nuclei: ndi magulu a maselo a mitsempha omwe amagwira ntchito yofanana kapena olumikizana ndi malo omwewo mu dongosolo la mitsempha.
• Ganglia: Magulu a maselo amitsempha omwe amalumikizana wina ndi mnzake ndipo amagwira ntchito mofanana.

Ma nuclei ndi ganglia awa amapangidwa ndi mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya maselo: 1. Ma neuron: Awa ndi maselo a mitsempha. Ma neuron awa amanyamula chidziwitso ndikusinthana zizindikiro mu ubongo ndi dongosolo la mitsempha. Amatha kugwiritsa ntchito zizindikiro zamagetsi ndi mankhwala. Zigawo zazikulu za neuron ndi thupi la selo, axon yayitali ngati phesi yomwe imanyamula zizindikiro, ndi ma dendrite ofanana ndi nthambi omwe amalandira zizindikiro kuchokera ku ma neuron ena. Ma axon ena amazunguliridwa ndi chipolopolo choteteza chotchedwa myelin, chomwe chimafulumizitsa zizindikiro. 2. Maselo a Glial: Awa ndi maselo omwe amathandiza ma neuron ndikugwira ntchito ngati chithandizo kwa iwo. Ngakhale sanyamula zizindikiro monga ma neuron, maselo a glial awa ndi ofunikira kwambiri pakukula, kusamalira, ndi kuteteza ma neuron. Akuti pali maselo a glial ochulukirapo kakhumi kuposa ma neuron mu dongosolo lathu la mitsempha.

Ndi matenda ati omwe amakhudza basal ganglia?

Mwatsoka, pali matenda angapo omwe angakhudze gawo lofunikali. Ena mwa iwo ndi awa:

• Zizolowezi Zoledzera
• Matenda a Alzheimer
• Matenda a kusazindikira bwino (ADHD)
• Zotupa za muubongo (za khansa komanso zopanda khansa)
• Kuopsa kwa carbon monoxide
• Kuvulala mutu, makamaka kuvulala koopsa muubongo
• Kumeza zitsulo zolemera (monga mercury , lead) kapena zinthu zina zoopsa (Heavy metal poison)
• Matenda (makamaka matenda omwe amakhudza ubongo, monga encephalitis)
• Matenda a Huntington
• Matenda a maganizo a Lewy
• Matenda a sclerosis ambiri
• Matenda a Parkinson
• Stroke
• Matenda a Tourette
• Matenda a Wilson

Mndandandawu ungawoneke woopsa, koma si aliyense amene amadwala matenda onsewa. Ndikofunikira kudziwa.

Kodi mumadziwa bwanji ngati pali vuto ndi izi? (Zizindikiro)

Zizindikiro zimatha kusiyana malinga ndi matenda omwe amakhudza basal ganglia. Mwachitsanzo, zizindikiro zomwe zimapezeka mu matenda a Parkinson zimasiyana ndi zizindikiro zomwe zimapezeka mu poizoni wa carbon monoxide. Komabe, zizindikiro zina zodziwika bwino ndi izi:

• Mavuto ogwirizana bwino: Kusakhazikika poyenda, kulephera kulamulira miyendo bwino.
• Kufooka kwa minofu, kuuma, kapena kupindika kwa minofu.
• Kugwedezeka.
• Mavuto a masomphenya.
• Kulankhula molakwika.

Ngati muli ndi chimodzi kapena zingapo mwa zizindikirozi, ndikofunikira kwambiri kupeza upangiri wa dokotala nthawi yomweyo .

Kodi mungayang'anire bwanji thanzi la basal ganglia?

Ngati dokotala akukayikira kuti ali ndi vuto ndi basal ganglia, angachite mayeso osiyanasiyana kuti atsimikizire. Ena mwa iwo ndi awa:

• Kuyezetsa magazi: Izi zimatha kuzindikira zinthu monga mavuto a chitetezo chamthupi ndi poizoni (makamaka zitsulo monga mkuwa, mercury, ndi lead).
• Kujambula kwa CT `(Kujambula kwa Computerized - Kujambula kwa CT)`
• Kuyesa kwa EEG (electroencephalogram - EEG)
• Kuyesa kwa EMG (Electromyogram - EMG)
• Kuyesa majini
• Kujambula kwa MRI `(Kujambula kwa maginito - MRI)`
• Kujambula kwa positron emission tomography (PET scan)

Kodi mankhwala a matenda amenewa ndi otani?

Mankhwala a matenda omwe amakhudza basal ganglia amasiyana malinga ndi matendawa. Palibe mankhwala amodzi pa matenda onse. Matenda ena amatha kuchiritsidwa ndi mankhwala. Ena angafunike opaleshoni kapena mankhwala ena apadera. Nthawi zina, ngakhale kuti matendawa sangachiritsidwe kwathunthu, chithandizo chingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuwongolera zizindikiro ndikupangitsa moyo kukhala wosavuta.

Kodi mungasunge bwanji basal ganglia kukhala yathanzi? (Kupewa)

Ngakhale sitingathe kupewa matenda onse omwe amakhudza basal ganglia, pali zinthu zomwe tingachite kuti tipewe ambiri mwa iwo. Ndipotu, chofunika apa ndikusunga ubongo ndi thupi lonse kukhala lathanzi.

• Idyani zakudya zoyenera: Kusowa kwa mavitamini ndi michere kungakhudze ubongo ndi mitsempha. Komanso, zakudya zanu zingakhudze thanzi la mitsempha yanu. Matenda monga sitiroko amayamba chifukwa cha mavuto a mtima ndi mitsempha yamagazi.
• Khalani ndi thupi lochita masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso khalani ndi kulemera kwabwino: Kulemera kwanu ndi kuchuluka kwa zochita zanu zingathandize kupewa kapena kuchedwetsa matenda omwe amakhudza ubongo, makamaka mavuto okhudza kuyenda kwa magazi monga kuthamanga kwa magazi.
• Valani zida zodzitetezera ngati pakufunika kutero: Kuvulala mutu, makamaka kugwedezeka kwa mutu ndi kuvulala koopsa muubongo, kungawononge basal ganglia ndi ziwalo zina za ubongo. Kuvulala kumeneku nthawi zina kungakhale kwakukulu komanso kosatha. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuvala zida zodzitetezera monga zipewa kuntchito, mukusewera, komanso mukukwera njinga.
• Sinthani matenda anu osatha: Matenda a nthawi yayitali monga matenda a shuga ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi amatha kukhudza ubongo. Kuchiza moyenera matenda amenewa kungathandize kuletsa kapena kuchedwetsa kuipiraipira kwawo.

Pomaliza, zomwe muyenera kukumbukira! (Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba)

Ma ganglia a basal ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri komanso lamphamvu la ubongo wathu. Momwe amagwirira ntchito zimakhudza mbali zambiri za moyo wathu watsiku ndi tsiku - kuyambira momwe timayendera, momwe timapangira zisankho, mpaka momwe timamvera. Asayansi akuphunzirabe zambiri za kapangidwe kakang'ono koma kovuta aka. Ndi kupita patsogolo kwa zamankhwala ndi ukadaulo, kumvetsetsa kwathu za iwo kukukulirakulira. Pamene kumvetsetsa kumeneku kukukulirakulira, madokotala azitha kupeza njira zatsopano zodziwira ndikuchiza matenda omwe amakhudza basal ganglia.

Choncho, musaiwale kuti kusamalira thanzi la ubongo wanu wonse kungathandizenso kuti matenda a basal ganglia akhale ndi thanzi labwino! Kukhala ndi moyo wathanzi ndiye chinthu chabwino kwambiri kuchita.