Kodi munayamba mwadzifunsapo ngati matupi athu nthawi zonse amatulutsa magazi atsopano? Inde, ndi zoona. Mu zamankhwala, izi ndi zomwe timatcha hematopoiesis. Mwachidule, iyi ndi njira yodabwitsa yomwe matupi athu amapanga maselo amagazi, kapena maselo amagazi. Monga momwe kuchotsa galimoto yakale ndikugula yatsopano, matupi athu nthawi zonse amachotsa maselo akale amagazi ndikupanga maselo atsopano, atsopano amagazi m'malo mwake. Umu ndi momwe matupi athu amasungira magazi nthawi zonse. Kodi sizodabwitsa? Njirayi imayamba tisanabadwe ndipo imapitirira m'miyoyo yathu yonse.
Kodi Hematopoiesis ndi chiyani? Mwachidule...
Chabwino, tiyeni tiwone tanthauzo la mawu awa akuti Hematopoiesis. Ngakhale kuti angawoneke ngati mawu achilendo, tanthauzo lake ndi losavuta. Mawuwa amachokera ku kuphatikiza kwa mawu awiri ochokera ku Chigiriki.
- 'Haîma' (Haima): Izi zikutanthauza 'magazi' kapena ' magazi '.
- Poesis (poesis): Izi zikutanthauza 'kupanga chinthu' kapena 'kupanga'.
Kenako mawu awiriwa akaphatikizidwa, lingaliro la
'kupanga magazi' kapena
'kupanga magazi' limabwera. N'zosavuta kumvetsa, sichoncho? Nthawi zina njira iyi yotchedwa
hematopoiesis imatchedwanso hemopoiesis, hematogenesis, kapena hemogenesis. Mawu onsewa amatanthauza chinthu chomwecho.
Ndi mitundu iti ya maselo a magazi omwe amapangidwa ndi hematopoiesis?
Magazi athu sapangidwa ndi maselo amtundu umodzi. Monga momwe chakudya chilili ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chakudya monga mpunga, mphodza, ndi nsomba, magazi athu alinso ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maselo. Mitundu yonseyi ya maselo amagazi amapangidwa kudzera mu njira ya
hematopoiesis . Tiyeni tiwone zomwe zili.
Maselo ofiira a magazi (Erythrocytes)
Awa ndi mitundu yambiri ya maselo m'magazi mwathu. Kodi mukudziwa kuti ntchito yaikulu ya maselo ofiira a m'magazi
ndikunyamula mpweya womwe umalowa m'mapapo tikamapuma kupita ku ziwalo zina zonse ndi minofu m'thupi lonse. Maselo amenewa amagwira ntchito ngati thanki ya mpweya. Komanso, maselo ofiira a m'magazi amenewa amathandiza kubweretsa mpweya woipa womwe umapangidwa m'thupi mwathu m'mapapo ndikuutulutsa tikamapuma. Njira yopangira maselo ofiira a m'magazi imatchedwa
erythropoiesis .
Maselo oyera a m'magazi (ma leukocyte)
Maselo oyera a m'magazi ali ngati alonda achitetezo m'matupi mwathu. Monga gulu lankhondo lomwe limateteza dziko, maselo awa
amatiteteza ku matenda polimbana ndi majeremusi, monga mabakiteriya ndi mavairasi, omwe amalowa m'matupi mwathu. Sikuti zokhazo, maselo oyera awa amathandizanso kuwononga maselo osadziwika bwino omwe amakula m'matupi mwathu, monga maselo a khansa. Njira yomwe maselo oyera amapangidwa imatchedwa
Leukopoiesis. Palibe mtundu umodzi wokha wa maselo oyera a m'magazi, koma pali mitundu ingapo ikuluikulu: Pakati pa izi, ma neutrophils, basophils, ndi eosinophils ali ndi ntchito zofanana kwambiri, kotero onse pamodzi amatchedwa granulocytes . Mapulateleti (kapena ma Thrombocyte)
Ma platelet ali ngati madokotala ang'onoang'ono m'thupi lathu. Mukakhala ndi bala laling'ono ndikuyamba kutuluka magazi, ma platelet awa amathandiza kuletsa kutuluka magazi. Izi ndi zidutswa zazing'ono za maselo zomata. Zimasonkhana pamalo a bala, zimapanga magazi oundana, ndikutseka bala. Zili ngati kupaka pulasitala. Ichi ndichifukwa chake magazi satuluka m'thupi mwathu mopanda chifukwa. Njira yopangira ma platelet imatchedwa thrombopoiesis . Kodi njira yopangira magazi imeneyi imachitika kuti?
Funso lofunika kwambiri! Njira yodabwitsa iyi yotchedwa hematopoiesis imachitika makamaka m'dera lopanda siponji mkati mwa mafupa athu. Timatcha mafuta a m'mafupa. Kodi mwawonapo gawo lofiira mkati mwa fupa mukamadya nkhuku? Umu ndi momwe mafuta a m'mafupa awa alili. Kupangidwa kwa magazi mwanjira iyi mkati mwa mafuta a m'mafupa kumatchedwa medullary hematopoiesis . Maselo amagazi omwe amapangidwa mwanjira iyi amayenda m'thupi lathu lonse kudzera m'mitsempha yathu yamagazi. Komabe, nthawi zina, makamaka m'matenda ena, magazi amatha kupangidwa m'magawo ena a thupi lathu kuwonjezera pa mafuta a m'mafupa, mwachitsanzo, m'ziwalo monga chiwindi ndi ndulu . Kupangidwa kwa magazi kunja kwa mafuta a m'mafupa mwanjira iyi kumatchedwa extramedullary hematopoiesis . Pali kusintha pang'ono pamalo pomwe magazi awa amapangidwa, tisanayambe komanso titabadwa. Asanabadwe
Magazi amenewa amayamba kupangidwa tikadali m'mimba mwa amayi athu, kutanthauza kuti, tili mluza.- Choyamba, m'masabata atatu oyambirira a mimba, mtundu wa maselo ofiira a m'magazi umayamba kupangidwa mozungulira mwana wosabadwayo wotchedwa yolk sac . Maselo amenewa sakula bwino poyerekeza ndi maselo ofiira a m'magazi omwe timapanga tikakula.
- Kenako, patatha miyezi iwiri kapena itatu kuchokera pamene mayi ali ndi pakati, maselo ofiira a magazi ndi ma platelet amayamba kupangidwa m'chiwindi ndi ndulu. Maselo oyera a magazi amapangidwa m'chiwindi, ndulu, ndi thymus gland.
- Pofika mwezi wachisanu wa mimba, magazi ambiri amapangidwa m'mafupa. Komabe, mitundu ina ya maselo oyera amapangidwanso mu thymus gland, spleen, ndi minofu ina ya lymph.
Pambuyo pobadwa
Tikabadwa, kuyambira tili ana mpaka titakula, magazi ambiri omwe timapanga amapezeka m'mafupa. Komabe, mtundu wapadera wa maselo oyera amagazi otchedwa ma lymphocytes umakulanso m'chiwalo chathu cha thymus. Komabe, m'matenda ena, mwachitsanzo, ngati mafupa sangathe kupanga maselo amagazi bwino, thupi lathu limayesa kupanga magazi kachiwiri m'malo omwe magazi adapangidwa asanabadwe, monga chiwindi, ndulu, kapena ma lymph nodes. Izi zili ngati njira yogwiritsidwa ntchito pakagwa ngozi. Kodi njira ya hematopoiesis imachitika bwanji?
Iyi ndi njira yovuta kwambiri, koma yokonzedwa bwino kwambiri. Tangoganizirani mitundu ingati yosiyanasiyana ya maselo amagazi yomwe ingapangidwe kuchokera ku selo limodzi loyambira! Mitundu yonse ya maselo amagazi awa ili ndi selo loyambira lofanana. Timatcha iyi kuti selo loyambira la hematopoietic (HSC) . Izi zili ngati "selo lalikulu." Selo la HSC ili limayamba kukula kukhala selo loyambira kapena selo la "blast" . Selo loyambira ili ndi selo lomwe likupita kukhala selo la magazi lenileni, koma silinakule mokwanira. Selo loyambira ili limadutsa m'magawo angapo a maselo ndikusintha lisanakhale selo la magazi lokhazikika, logwira ntchito mokwanira. Pali magawo atatu akuluakulu a hematopoiesis, kutengera momwe mitundu itatu ya maselo amagazi omwe tidakambirana kale amapangidwira:- Erythropoiesis: Kupanga maselo ofiira a magazi.
- Leukopoiesis: Kupanga maselo oyera a magazi.
- Thrombopoiesis: Kupanga ma platelet.
Ndi kusintha konseku, selo loyambirira (HSC) limakhala lapadera kwambiri. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, limataya makhalidwe a selo loyambira ndipo limakhala ndi makhalidwe a selo lofiira la magazi, selo loyera la magazi, kapena ma platelet. Erythropoiesis (kupangidwa kwa maselo ofiira a magazi)
Maselo ofiira a m'magazi amapangidwa mu fupa lathu. Selo loyamba la magazi (HSC) poyamba limakhala selo loyambirira lotchedwa erythroblast . Kenako erythroblast iyi imakhala selo lofiira la m'magazi losakhwima lotchedwa reticulocyte . Pomaliza, reticulocyte iyi imakhala selo lofiira la m'magazi logwira ntchito mokwanira. Momwe maselo oyera amagazi amapangikira (Leukopoiesis)
Si maselo oyera onse omwe amapangidwa mofanana. Ma granulocyte omwe takambirana kale - omwe ndi ma basophils, eosinophils, ndi ma neutrophils - amapangidwa mosiyana pang'ono ndi ma monocytes ndi ma lymphocytes. Momwe ma granulocytes amapangidwira
Mitundu yonse itatu ya ma granulocyte imapangidwa mu fupa la mafupa. Pamene selo loyamba la magazi (HSC) likupitiriza kuwapanga, limakula m'njira yotchedwa mzere wa maselo a myeloid . Mawu oti "myeloid" amatanthauza "zogwirizana ndi fupa la mafupa." Chifukwa chake, maselo awa amatchulidwa chifukwa amapangidwa mu fupa la mafupa. Kuti apange granulocyte, selo la HSC poyamba limakhala selo loyambirira lotchedwa myeloblast . Kenako myeloblast iyi imakhala myelocyte , yomwe pamapeto pake imasiyana kukhala basophil, eosinophil, kapena neutrophil. Momwe maselo a mononuclear amapangidwira
Ma monocyte amapangidwa mu fupa la mafupa. Ma lymphocyte - kutanthauza maselo a B, maselo a T ndi maselo achilengedwe opha - amapangidwa mu fupa la mafupa ndi minofu ina ya lymphoid, monga thymus gland. Mwachitsanzo, ma lymphocyte amapangidwa mu fupa la mafupa ali aang'ono kwambiri, kenako amasamukira ku thymus gland, komwe amakula kukhala maselo a T.- Ma monocyte amakula kudzera mu mzere wa maselo a myeloid: Popeza amapangidwanso mu fupa la m'mafupa, amayamba kukula kukhala selo loyambirira lotchedwa monoblast , ndipo pamenepo ndi pomwe amakhala ma monocyte okhwima mokwanira.
- Ma lymphocyte amakula motsatira mzere wa maselo a lymphoid: chifukwa amapangidwa m'maselo a lymphoid, monga bone marrow ndi thymus gland. Chifukwa chake, maselo a HSC omwe amakhala ma lymphocyte amakula kukhala maselo oyambira otchedwa lymphoblasts . Awa ndi omwe pamapeto pake amasiyana kukhala maselo a T, maselo a B, kapena maselo achilengedwe opha.
Kupanga kwa ma platelet (Thrombopoiesis)
Kupanga ma platelet kumachitikanso mu fupa la mafupa. Apa, selo loyamba la magazi (HSC) limayamba kukula kukhala selo loyambirira lotchedwa megakaryoblast . Kenako megakaryoblast iyi imayamba kukula kukhala selo lalikulu lotchedwa megakaryocyte . Pomaliza, ma platelet amapangidwa pamene mbali zina za megakaryocyte iyi zikusweka. Kodi sizodabwitsa? Kodi njira imeneyi ya hematopoiesis imatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji?
Ndipotu, kuchuluka kwa maselo amagazi omwe amapangidwa kumadalira zosowa za thupi lanu. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mukudwala, thupi lanu limawonjezera kupanga maselo oyera amagazi kuti amenyane ndi majeremusi. Nthawi zambiri, njira ya hematopoiesis imachitika mosalekeza, chifukwa maselo amagazi nawonso amakhala ndi moyo winawake. Selo limodzi lamagazi likafa, thupi lathanzi limapanga latsopano kuti lilowe m'malo mwake. Nthawi yapakati ya maselo amagazi ndi iyi:- Maselo ofiira a magazi: Amakhala ndi moyo masiku pafupifupi 120.
- Maselo oyera a m'magazi: Amakhala ndi moyo kuyambira maola ochepa mpaka masiku angapo.
- Ma platelet: Amakhala ndi moyo pakati pa masiku 5 ndi 9.
Kotero, thupi lathu nthawi zonse limachotsa maselo akalewa ndikupitiriza kupanga atsopano.
Nanga bwanji ngati pali vuto ndi njira ya hematopoiesis?
Matupi athu ndi abwino kwambiri polamulira kupanga maselo a magazi awa, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti tili ndi kuchuluka koyenera kwa maselo amagazi. Komabe, matenda ena amatha kusokoneza njira iyi ya hematopoiesis. Izi zingayambitse kupanga maselo ochepa amagazi kapena ochuluka kwambiri. Ngati kuchuluka kwa maselo amagazi kumasintha modabwitsa mwanjira imeneyi, zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana ndi matenda zimatha kuchitika.- Mavuto ndi maselo ofiira a magazi:
- Ngati kuchuluka kwa maselo ofiira m'magazi anu kumachepa, kumatchedwa kuchepa kwa magazi . Mungamve kutopa komanso kufooka chifukwa minofu ya thupi lanu silandira mpweya wokwanira.
- Kuwonjezeka kwa maselo ofiira a m'magazi kumatchedwa erythrocytosis . Muzochitika zochepa, izi zingayambitse zizindikiro zina zosasangalatsa. Komabe, muzochitika zoopsa, kuchuluka kwa maselo ofiira a m'magazi kungayambitse magazi kukhuthala, zomwe zimawonjezera chiopsezo cha matenda a mtima kapena sitiroko.
- Mavuto okhudzana ndi maselo oyera a magazi:
- Ngati kuchuluka kwa maselo oyera m'magazi anu kumachepa, kumatchedwa leukopenia . Izi zimawonjezera chiopsezo chanu chotenga matenda.
- Kuwonjezeka kwa maselo oyera m'magazi kumatchedwa leukocytosis . Izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala chizindikiro cha matenda. Komabe, nthawi zina kuchuluka kwa maselo oyera m'magazi kungakhale chizindikiro cha matenda a magazi kapena khansa.
- Mavuto okhudzana ndi ma platelet:
- Kuchuluka kwa ma platelet m'magazi kumatchedwa thrombocytopenia . Matendawa angapangitse kuti mutuluke magazi mosavuta komanso kuti mupse mosavuta.
- Ngati kuchuluka kwa ma platelet m'magazi kumawonjezeka, kumatchedwa thrombocytosis . Izi zimawonjezera chiopsezo cha magazi kuundana kwambiri.
Kodi ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zimasokoneza njira ya hematopoiesis?
Pali zinthu zingapo zomwe zingasokoneze njira ya hematopoiesis. Zina mwa izi zitha kukhala ndi zotsatira zochepa, pomwe zina zitha kukhala zoopsa. Mwachitsanzo, tikamakalamba, mafuta amatha kusonkhana m'mafupa athu, zomwe zimachepetsa mphamvu yopanga magazi. Matenda okhudzana ndi magazi ndi khansa ya m'magazi , monga khansa ya m'magazi, lymphoma, ndi myeloma, amathanso kusokoneza kupanga maselo amagazi. Matendawa amachititsa kuti maselo amagazi osokonezeka komanso odwala azichulukirachulukira. Chinanso n'chakuti mankhwala ena amatha kusokoneza njira ya hematopoiesis, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti maselo amagazi azichepa. Mwachitsanzo, chemotherapy, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwononga maselo a khansa, imatha kupangitsa kuti maselo oyera amagazi azichepa. Izi zimatchedwa neutropenia . Chifukwa chake, mankhwala ena amathanso kupangitsa kuti maselo amagazi azichepa ngati zotsatira zoyipa. Chinthu chofunika kwambiri chomwe tikufuna kutenga kuchokera mu nkhaniyi (Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba)
Chabwino, tsopano mukumvetsa kuti njira yopangira magazi yomwe takambirana lero, imachitika nthawi zonse, chinthu chofunikira kwambiri kuti tikhale ndi moyo wathanzi komanso kuti tipulumuke. Kupereka magazi kosalekeza kumeneku n'kofunika kwambiri popereka mpweya m'thupi lathu komanso kutiteteza ku matenda. Kumbukirani, izi zimachitika kwambiri mkati mwa mafupa athu. Zinthu zambiri zomwe zimakhudza thanzi lathu zimathanso kukhudza luso lopanga magazi.
Choncho, kusunga thanzi lathu lonse mwa kudya zakudya zoyenera, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, komanso kutsatira malangizo a dokotala kudzakuthandizani kuti njira yodabwitsa iyi ya hematopoiesis iyende bwino. Ngati muli ndi mafunso ena okhudza izi, musaope kulankhula ndi dokotala.
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