Mukuda nkhawa ndi mankhwala omwe amaperekedwa kwa okalamba? Tiyeni tikambirane za 'Zofunikira pa Mowa'!

Ngati muli ndi munthu wokalamba m'nyumba mwanu, monga amayi anu, abambo anu, agogo anu, kapena agogo anu, mwina mumaganizira pang'ono za mankhwala omwe mumawapatsa, sichoncho? Nthawi zina tikapita kwa dokotala, amatipatsa mankhwala osiyanasiyana . Koma pamene tikukalamba, momwe matupi athu amayankhira mankhwala amasintha, ndipo mankhwala ena sangakhale oyenera kwa iwo. Pali mndandanda wa malangizo omwe amathandiza madokotala kusamalira zinthu zotere. Ndicho chimene timachitcha 'Zofunikira pa Mowa.' Tiyeni tikambirane za izi lero.

Kodi 'Zofunikira pa Mowa' izi ndi ziti?

Mwachidule, iyi ndi mndandanda wa malangizo opangidwa ndi American Geriatrics Society , gulu la akatswiri pa zaumoyo wa okalamba. Umatiuza mankhwala omwe angakhale oopsa kwa anthu azaka zopitilira 65, kapena mankhwala omwe angakhale ndi zotsatirapo zoyipa zambiri kuposa zabwino zake. Mndandandawu umadziwikanso kuti 'Mndandanda wa Mowa'. Taganizirani izi, kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti anthu opitilira 90% azaka zopitilira 65 amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osachepera amodzi pamwezi, ndipo opitilira 66% amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opitilira atatu. Chifukwa chake panthawi ngati iyi, mndandandawu udzakhala wothandiza kwambiri kwa madokotala kupereka mankhwala mosamala.

Kodi mfundo zazikulu zisanu mu 'Zofunikira pa Mowa' ndi ziti?

Mndandandawu wachokera pa zinthu zisanu zazikulu, zomwe madokotala amaganizira makamaka akamapereka mankhwala kwa munthu wokalamba:

• Mankhwala omwe sayenera kuperekedwa kwa anthu azaka zopitilira 65, makamaka omwe salandira chithandizo cha kumapeto kwa moyo monga chisamaliro cha odwala omwe ali ndi matenda opha ziwalo kapena chithandizo cha palliative .
• Mankhwala omwe angakhale oopsa kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda enaake (monga matenda a impso, matenda a mtima).
• Mankhwala omwe amayambitsa mavuto chifukwa choyambitsa kuyanjana kwa mankhwala akamwedwa ndi mankhwala ena.
• Mankhwala omwe angayambitse mavuto ambiri kuposa abwino chifukwa cha zotsatirapo zake .
• Mankhwala omwe amakhudza ntchito ya impso (monga omwe ali ndi vuto la impso) ayenera kuperekedwa pang'ono kapena kuyimitsidwa kwathunthu.

Ndi mankhwala amtundu wanji omwe ali pamndandanda wa 'Mowa Woyenera'?

Pali mitundu pafupifupi 100 ya mankhwala pamndandandawu. N'zovuta kulankhula za onse, koma kuti tikupatseni lingaliro, tiyeni tiwone zitsanzo zingapo kuchokera m'magulu angapo. Nthawi yomweyo, tiyeni tiwone zifukwa zomwe mankhwalawo angakhale owopsa.

• Mankhwala ochepetsa ululu: Mwachitsanzo, mankhwala monga `(meperidine)`. Izi zitha kukhala zoopsa ku dongosolo lamanjenje (`(Kuopsa kwa ubongo ()) ndi kusokonezeka maganizo (`(delirium)`) kungachitikenso.
• Mankhwala Opha Majeremusi: Mankhwala ena opha majeremusi, monga ciprofloxacin, angawonjezere chiopsezo cha kutuluka magazi akamwedwa ndi warfarin (mankhwala ochepetsa magazi).
• Mankhwala oletsa kugunda kwa mtima: Mankhwala monga carbamazepine angayambitse matenda otchedwa SIADH - Matenda a kutulutsa mahomoni oletsa kugunda kwa mtima molakwika, zomwe zimasokoneza kayendedwe ka madzi ndi mchere m'thupi.
• Mankhwala oletsa kugwidwa ndi matenda (antihistamines) (a mitundu yakale): Mankhwala monga brompheniramine angayambitse chisokonezo, kusokonezeka kwa chidziwitso , komanso chisokonezo .
• Mankhwala ena a kuthamanga kwa magazi (Mankhwala Ochepetsa Kuthamanga kwa Magazi): Mankhwala ena, monga `(alpha-blockers),` angayambitse kutsika kwadzidzidzi kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi (`(Hypotension)`) .
• Mankhwala oletsa magazi kuundana kapena oletsa magazi kuundana: Mankhwala monga edoxaban nthawi zina amatha kukhudza impso (kulephera kwa impso) .
• Mankhwala Oletsa Kusokonezeka Maganizo: Mankhwala aliwonse m'gululi amatha kuwonjezera chiopsezo cha sitiroko, kuchepa kwa chidziwitso , komanso misala akaperekedwa kwa okalamba.
• Mankhwala Ochepetsa Nkhawa: Mankhwala omwe ali m'gulu la benzodiazepines (monga diazepam) amatha kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa mankhwala m'thupi, kuchepetsa kusamala, komanso kunjenjemera poyenda .
• Mankhwala ena a mtima: Mankhwala monga disopyramide angapangitse kuti mtima usagwire bwino ntchito.
• Mankhwala apakati a mitsempha: Dimenhydrinate (yomwe imapezeka m'mankhwala ena oletsa kutsekula m'mimba) ingayambitse chisokonezo, kuchepa kwa chidziwitso, komanso kusokonezeka maganizo .
• Mankhwala ena a shuga: Mankhwala akale monga chlorpropamide angayambitse shuga m'magazi kukhala wochepa kwambiri (hypoglycemia) .
• Mankhwala a m'mimba: Mankhwala ena omwe ali m'gulu la ``H2-blocker'' angapangitse kuti chisokonezo chikhale choipa, makamaka ngati wina ali nacho kale .
• Mahomoni: Pamene estrogen iperekedwa kunja kwa thupi, akazi ena akhoza kukhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha khansa ya m'mawere ndi khansa ya m'chiberekero .
• Mapiritsi ena ogonetsa (hypnotics): Pali chiopsezo chogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo monga barbiturates ndipo kumwa mopitirira muyeso kungayambitse matenda oopsa .
• Mankhwala ochepetsa minofu: Izi zingayambitse zinthu monga kusokonezeka, pakamwa pouma, komanso kudzimbidwa .
• Mankhwala oletsa kutupa omwe si a steroidal (NSAIDs): Mankhwala monga aspirin (oposa mamiligalamu 325 patsiku) angayambitse matenda aakulu monga zilonda zam'mimba, kutuluka magazi, kapena kubooka .
• Mankhwala ena opumira: Mankhwala monga atropine angayambitse chisokonezo, kusazindikira bwino, komanso kusokonezeka maganizo .
• Mankhwala ena a mkodzo: ``(desmopressin)`` angayambitse kuchepa kwa sodium m'magazi (``(hyponatremia)``) , zomwenso ndi zoopsa.
• Mankhwala ena omwe amakulitsa mitsempha yamagazi (vasodilators): Mankhwala monga `(ergoloid mesylates)` sangapange zotsatira zomwe amayembekezera .

Chofunika: Izi ndi zitsanzo zochepa chabe. Dokotala wanu adzasankha mankhwala omwe ali abwino kwa inu. Ngakhale mutapatsidwa mankhwala pamndandandawu, pakhoza kukhala chifukwa chake. Choncho musachite mantha, nthawi zonse lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu.

Kodi mndandanda wa 'Zofunikira pa Mowa' udzasinthidwa kangati? Kodi izi zimachitika bwanji?

Iyi si mndandanda wongoperekedwa kamodzi kokha womwe umangoyikidwa pambali. Bungwe la American Geriatrics Society limaunikanso ndikusintha mndandandawu pafupifupi zaka zitatu zilizonse.

Kodi zimachitika bwanji? Izi zimachitika pogwiritsa ntchito chidziwitso chaposachedwa kuchokera ku kafukufuku watsopano wazachipatala ndi mayeso azachipatala. Gulu la akatswiri azachipatala limasonkhana, limaunikanso mndandanda wakale, ndipo lingachotse mankhwala ena, kuwonjezera atsopano, kapena kusintha malingaliro omwe alipo kutengera umboni watsopano.

Kodi madokotala amagwiritsa ntchito liti 'Mowa Woyenera'?

Mndandanda uwu ndi chida chofala chomwe madokotala amagwiritsa ntchito popereka mankhwala kwa anthu azaka zopitilira 65. Koma si chinthu chomwe mumangoyang'ana ndikusankha zochita. Dokotala wanu adzaganizira mbiri yanu yonse yachipatala, thanzi lanu lapano, ndi mankhwala ena aliwonse, mavitamini, ndi zowonjezera zomwe mukumwa . Kenako adzasankha ngati mankhwala atsopano kapena mlingo wa mankhwala omwe alipo ndi otetezeka kwa inu. Angafunikenso kusintha mankhwala, mlingo, kapena kuchuluka kwa nthawi yoperekera mankhwala kutengera mndandandawu.

Kodi ndi zinthu ziti zomwe muyenera kuziganizira mukamagwiritsa ntchito 'Zofunikira pa Mowa'?

Funso ili ndi lofunika kwambiri. Kodi 'Zofunikira pa Mowa' ndi chiyani?Yapangidwira anthu ambiri. Chifukwa chake, si "ya munthu payekha" . Izi zikutanthauza kuti, mndandandawu sukunena za thanzi la munthu, matenda ena aliwonse omwe angakhale nawo, kapena zinthu zina zomwe zidapangitsa dokotala kusankha mankhwala enaake.

Chifukwa chake, ichi ndi chida chabwino chomwe madokotala angagwiritse ntchito. Sichipanga zisankho kwa dokotala waluso komanso wodziwa bwino ntchito.

Mwachitsanzo, ngati dokotala akufuna kukupatsani mankhwala omwe ali pamndandandawu omwe amaonedwa kuti ndi oopsa, adzaganizira zinthu zambiri, kuphatikizapo thanzi lanu komanso malo omwe mukulandira chithandizo. Pokhapokha atapanga chisankho chomaliza ngati mankhwalawa ndi otetezeka kwa inu. Nthawi zambiri, madokotala amatha kusankha njira ina m'malo mwa mankhwala omwe ali pamndandandawu. Komabe, ngati mankhwala omwe ali pamndandandawu aperekedwa, dokotalayo adzakuyang'anirani mosamala kuti awone ngati pali zotsatirapo zilizonse.

N’chifukwa chiyani njira zomwe mankhwala amakhudzira matupi athu zimasintha tikamakalamba?

Iyi ndi mfundo yofunika kwambiri. Pamene tikukalamba, matupi athu amakumana ndi kusintha kwakukulu. Kusintha kumeneku kungakhudze momwe mankhwala amayamwidwira komanso momwe amagwirira ntchito m'thupi lathu. Nazi zitsanzo zina:

• Zimatenga nthawi yayitali kuti thupi ligayike (ligayike) ndikuchotsa mankhwalawa. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mankhwalawa akhoza kukhalabe m'thupi lanu nthawi yayitali. Ichi ndichifukwa chake madokotala nthawi zina amapatsa okalamba mankhwala ochepa.
• Mankhwala a matenda ena angakhudze ena. Popeza mankhwala ena amasintha momwe matupi athu amachitira, amathanso kusintha momwe mankhwala ena amagwirira ntchito.
• Kusintha kwa moyo. Zinthu monga kuchuluka kwa zochita zanu ndi zakudya zomwe mumadya zingakhudze momwe mankhwala ena amagwirira ntchito. Chifukwa chake mukaonana ndi dokotala, ndikofunikira kukambirana za zochita zanu za tsiku ndi tsiku, zomwe mumadya, komanso ngati mumachita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Mwanjira imeneyi, iye angasankhe chithandizo chomwe chili chabwino kwa inu.

Madokotala amadziwa bwino matupi athu komanso momwe amasinthira ndi ukalamba. Ngati akukupatsani mankhwala, adzayang'anira momwe thupi lanu limayankhira kuti litsimikizire kuti ndi lotetezeka.

Ndiye, ndi zinthu ziti zomwe tiyenera kukumbukira kuchokera munkhaniyi?

Chabwino, tsopano mwina mukumvetsa kuti 'Zofunikira pa Mowa' zomwe takambiranazi ndi mndandanda wa malangizo ofunikira omwe amathandiza madokotala popereka mankhwala kwa anthu azaka zopitilira 65.

Izi zimathandiza madokotala kuganizira kwambiri za mankhwala omwe angakhale oopsa kwa okalamba ndikusankha njira zina zotetezeka.

Kumbukirani, ichi ndi chida cha madokotala, osati chinthu chomwe muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito kuti musiye kapena kuyamba mankhwala nokha.Ngati muli ndi mafunso kapena nkhawa zokhudzana ndi mankhwala omwe mukumwa, chonde lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu. Iye ndiye munthu wabwino kwambiri wokupatsani upangiri wolondola. Kumvetsera malingaliro anu ndiyo njira yabwino kwambiri yokhalira ndi thanzi labwino.

` Zofunikira pa Mowa, Thanzi la Akuluakulu, Mankhwala, Zotsatirapo Zake, Mankhwala Otetezeka, Ukalamba