Kodi inunso muli ndi khansa ya adrenal? Tiyeni tiphunzire za iyo.

Mwina munamvapo mawu oti 'Khansa ya Adrenal', kapena mwina ichi ndi chinthu chatsopano kwa inu. Komabe, ndi zachilendo kumva mantha pang'ono komanso chidwi mukamva dzinali. Koma musadandaule, tidzakambirana za izi mosavuta, mwanjira yomwe mungamvetse. Chifukwa, ndikofunikira kwambiri kukhala ndi chidziwitso choyenera pa zinthu ngati izi.

Kodi khansa ya adrenal ndi chiyani kwenikweni?

Mwachidule, tili ndi impso ziwiri m'thupi lathu, sichoncho? Pamwamba pa impso ziwirizi, pali tiziwalo tiwiri tomwe timaoneka ngati zipewa ziwiri zazing'ono. Izi ndi zomwe timazitcha kuti adrenal glands . Ngakhale kuti ndi zazing'ono, zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri m'thupi lathu. Izi zikutanthauza kuti zimapanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mahomoni omwe ndi ofunikira kuti thupi lathu lizigwira ntchito bwino. Mahomoni amenewa amalamulira zinthu zambiri m'thupi lathu, mwachitsanzo, kagayidwe kachakudya ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi.

Tsopano, khansa ndi chiyani? Maselo m'thupi lathu amagawikana, amakula, ndipo pamapeto pake amafa. Imeneyo ndi njira yachibadwa. Koma nthawi zina, kusintha kwina, kapena kusintha, kumachitika m'maselo a glands awa a adrenal, ndipo maselo amenewo amayamba kugawikana mofulumira komanso mosalamulirika. Maselo okulira mosazolowereka awa amasonkhana pamodzi kuti apange chotupa . Ngati chotupa ichi chikhala choipa, ndicho chomwe timachitcha 'khansa ya adrenal'. Khansa iyi ikhoza kufalikira mu gland imodzi yokha ya adrenal, kapena ikhoza kufalikira m'glands zonse ziwiri.

Kodi pali mitundu ya khansa ya adrenal?

Inde, pali mitundu ikuluikulu ingapo ya khansa ya adrenal gland, kutengera komwe imapezeka. Tiyeni tiwone zomwe zili:

1. Adrenocortical Carcinoma (ACC): Iyi ndi mtundu wofala kwambiri wa khansa ya adrenal. Imapezeka mu gawo lakunja la adrenal gland, lotchedwa cortex . Kortex iyi imapanga mahomoni a steroid omwe amalamulira zinthu monga kagayidwe kachakudya, kuthamanga kwa magazi, mawonekedwe a thupi, ndi kukula kwa tsitsi.

2. Neuroblastoma: Khansa yamtunduwu imayamba m'maselo a mitsempha. Choncho imatha kufalikira m'magawo osiyanasiyana a thupi. Komabe, pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a khansayi imayamba mkati mwa gland ya adrenal, yotchedwa medulla . Medulla imapanga mankhwala otchedwa epinephrine ndi norepinephrine. Izi zimathandiza kulamulira dongosolo la mitsempha la sympathetic, lomwe limalamulira zinthu monga thukuta, kugunda kwa mtima, ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi. Khansa yamtunduwu imapezeka kwambiri mwa makanda ndi ana osakwana zaka 10.

3. Pheochromocytoma: Khansa iyi imayambira pakati pa medulla, m'maselo omwe nthawi zambiri amapanga adrenaline. Adrenaline ndi mahomoni omwe amathandiza kuwongolera kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi kugunda kwa mtima.

Kodi khansa ya adrenal iyi ndi yofala bwanji?

Khansa ya adrenal gland ndi vuto losowa kwambiri . Mwachitsanzo, m'dziko ngati United States, anthu pafupifupi 200 okha ndi omwe amapezeka ndi matendawa chaka chilichonse. Choncho musachite mantha kwambiri mukamva za matendawa.

Kodi zizindikiro za khansa ya adrenal ndi ziti?

Iyi ndi mfundo yofunika kwambiri. Khansa ya adrenal sikhudza aliyense mofanana. Anthu ena amatha kumva ululu pamene chotupacho chikukula ndikukankhira ziwalo zapafupi. Kwa ena, chotupacho chingayambitse zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana chifukwa cha mahomoni omwe chimapanga.

Nazi zina mwa zizindikiro zomwe zimawoneka kawirikawiri:

• Kupweteka m'mimba
• Kupweteka kwa msana
• Kumva kukhuta m'mimba mwako
• Kupweteka kwa minofu, kupweteka
• Kufooka m'thupi
• Mutu

Palinso zizindikiro zinazake zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha kusintha kwa mahomoni. Mwachitsanzo:

• Kumera tsitsi kosafunikira pankhope kapena pathupi (hirsutism)
• Kuyamba mwadzidzidzi kwa matenda a shuga kapena kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi
• Kuthamanga kwa magazi
• Kuchepa kwa potaziyamu m'magazi (hypokalemia)
• Kuchepetsa thupi kosamveka bwino
• Kulemera kosaneneka
• Kugunda kwa mtima (kugunda kwa mtima mwachangu)
• Mabere okulirapo (mwa akazi ndi amuna)
• Kukula kosazolowereka kwa ziwalo zoberekera (mbolo mwa anyamata kapena clitoris mwa atsikana) mwa ana
• Kuchepa kwa chilakolako chogonana
• Nkhawa pafupipafupi
• Kuukira kwa mantha

Chofunika kwambiri n'chakuti, zotupa za adrenal nthawi zina sizingayambitse zizindikiro zilizonse , ndipo nthawi zina zimapezeka mwangozi panthawi yojambula pazifukwa zina.

Zizindikiro za Khansa ya Adrenal ya Metastatic

Ngati khansayo ifalikira kupitirira ma adrenal glands, kutanthauza kuti, ku ziwalo zina za thupi (metastatic), zizindikiro zake zimakhala zoopsa kwambiri. Zizindikiro za khansa ya siteji 4 ndi izi:

• Kusanza ndi kusanza
• Kutupa
• Kutopa
• Malungo
• Chisokonezo
• Kutaya chilakolako

Kodi n’chiyani chimayambitsa khansa ya adrenal?

Ndipotu, madokotala sakudziwabe chomwe chimayambitsa khansa ya adrenal gland nthawi zambiri. Tikudziwa kuti kusintha (kusintha kwa DNA ) mu maselo athu kungayambitse maselo kuchita zinthu molakwika ndikukhala khansa. Koma chomwe sichikudziwika bwino ndi chifukwa chake kusintha kwa DNA kumeneku kumachitika.

Anthu ena amatengera kusintha kwa majini kuchokera kwa makolo awo komwe kungawonjezere chiopsezo chawo chotenga khansa imeneyi. Nthawi zina, kukhudzidwa ndi zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa khansa kungakhalenso chifukwa. Komabe, nthawi zambiri, kusintha kwa DNA kumeneku kumachitika popanda chifukwa chomveka.

Kodi ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zimayambitsa khansa ya adrenal?

Chinthu choopsa ndi chinthu chomwe chimawonjezera mwayi wopeza matenda. Sizikutanthauza kuti mudzakhala ndi matendawa. Koma chingakuuzeni kuti muli pachiwopsezo chachikulu.

Zina mwa zinthu zomwe zingakhudze khansa ya adrenal ndi izi:

• Kusuta
• Kukhudzidwa ndi mankhwala enaake, monga asbestos ndi radon .
• Popeza adalandira kale chithandizo cha radiation m'mimba (kumene kuli adrenal glands).

Ngakhale kuti zotupa zambiri za adrenal zimachitika popanda chifukwa chomveka, pafupifupi 15% ya anthu omwe amadwala zotupa za adrenal amakhala ndi vuto la majini . Izi zimachitika makamaka mwa ana. Matenda ena a majini omwe angagwirizane ndi khansa ya adrenal gland ndi awa:

• Matenda a Beckwith-Wiedemann
• Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome
• Matenda a Li-Fraumeni
• Familyal adenomatous polyposis (FAP)
• Mtundu woyamba wa Neurofibromatosis
• Matenda ambiri a endocrine neoplasia (MEN)
• Malo ochitira masewera a Carney
• Matenda a Lynch

Izi n'zovuta pang'ono, sichoncho? Ngati muli ndi kukayikira kulikonse pankhaniyi, ndi bwino kulankhula ndi dokotala.

Kodi mumadziwa bwanji ngati muli ndi khansa ya adrenal?

Dokotala wanu angaganize kuti muli ndi khansa ya adrenal gland kutengera zizindikiro zanu (monga kukula kwa tsitsi kosazolowereka, kusintha kwadzidzidzi kwa kulemera). Koma nthawi zina, zotupazi zimapezeka mwangozi panthawi ya CT scan (computed tomography scan) kapena MRI scan (magnetic resonance imaging) yochitidwa pazifukwa zina.

Mukapita kwa dokotala, iye adzachita zinthu izi:

• Chitani kafukufuku wa thupi.
• Mbiri yanu yazaumoyo idzawunikidwanso.
• Ndikufunsa za zizindikiro zanu.
• Adzafufuza ngati muli ndi zinthu zilizonse zomwe zingakuchititseni khansa ya adrenal.
• Funsani za mbiri ya banja lanu ya khansa.

Ndi mayeso ati omwe amathandiza kuzindikira khansa ya adrenal?

Pambuyo pomuyeza thupi, dokotala angachite mayeso ena angapo, kuti atsimikizire matendawo kapena kuti apewe matenda ena. Mayesowa akuphatikizapo:

• Mayeso a magazi:Izi zingagwiritsidwe ntchito poyesa kuchuluka kwa mahomoni ndi zizindikiro zina.
• Kusanthula mkodzo: Mkodzo ukhoza kuyesedwa ngati uli ndi mahomoni ndi zinthu zina.
• Mayeso ojambulira: Mayeso monga CT scans, MRI scans, ndi PET scans angapereke chithunzi chomveka bwino cha kukula, malo, ndi kufalikira kwa chotupacho. Nthawi zina biopsy , yomwe imaphatikizapo kuchotsa chidutswa chaching'ono cha chotupacho kuti chiyesedwe, ikhoza kuchitika, koma izi sizimachitika nthawi zonse pa khansa ya adrenal.

Kuchuluka kwa khansa ya adrenal

Madokotala amagwiritsa ntchito njira yodziwira khansa kuti adziwe khansa ya adrenal. Izi zikuphatikizapo kukula kwa chotupacho, komwe chili, komanso ngati chafalikira (kufalikira) ku ziwalo zina za thupi.

Mwachidule, chiwerengero cha anthu odwala chikakwera, khansa imafalikira kwambiri:

• Gawo 1: Chotupacho chili ndi masentimita 5 kapena kuchepera ndipo sichinafalikire kupitirira adrenal gland.
• Gawo lachiwiri: Chotupacho ndi chachikulu kuposa masentimita 5, koma sichinafalikire kupitirira adrenal gland.
• Gawo 3: Khansa ili mu adrenal gland ndipo yafalikira ku minofu yozungulira kapena ma lymph nodes apafupi.
• Gawo 4: Khansa ili mu adrenal gland ndipo yafalikira ku ziwalo zakutali monga mapapo ndi chiwindi.

Magawo awa akhoza kukhala ovuta pang'ono. Ngati muli ndi mafunso enieni okhudza matenda anu, ndi bwino kulankhula ndi dokotala wanu.

Kodi khansa ya adrenal ingachiritsidwe?

Vutoli ndi la anthu ambiri. Ngati khansa yangofika pa adrenal gland yokha ndipo sinafalikire mbali zina za thupi, pali mwayi wochira. Kuchotsa adrenal gland ndi opaleshoni ndiyo njira yaikulu yochiritsira panthawiyi.

Komabe, ngati khansa yafalikira kupitirira adrenal gland, mwayi wochira kwathunthu umachepa. Komabe, chithandizo chingawongolere kukula kwa chotupacho ndikukweza moyo wanu.

Kodi khansa ya adrenal imachiritsidwa bwanji?

Chithandizo cha khansa ya adrenal chimadalira kukula kwa chotupacho, komwe chili, komanso ngati chafalikira kupitirira adrenal gland. Pali njira zingapo zochizira:

• Opaleshoni:

Ngati chotupacho chili mu adrenal gland yokha, kapena chafalikira ku minofu yapafupi kapena ma lymph nodes, dokotala wanu angakulangizeni opaleshoni. Dokotala wochita opaleshoni adzachotsa adrenal gland yonse (adrenalectomy) ndi ziwalo zilizonse zapafupi zomwe zili ndi matenda.

Ngati khansa ili mu gland imodzi yokha ya adrenal, gland inayo imagwira ntchito bwino. Nthawi zambiri, palibe china chomwe chikufunika kuchitika. Komabe, ngati gland zonse ziwiri za adrenal zachotsedwa, muyenera kumwa mankhwala kuti mulowe m'malo mwa mahomoni opangidwa ndi gland zimenezo kwa moyo wanu wonse.

Nthawi zina, mankhwala a chemotherapy kapena radiation angalimbikitsidwe pambuyo pa opaleshoni kuti awononge maselo otsala a khansa ndikuchepetsa chiopsezo chobwereranso kwa khansa.

Ngakhale khansa itafalikira, nthawi zina opaleshoni imalimbikitsidwa kuti ichotse chotupacho momwe zingathere. Izi zimatchedwa 'debulking surgery' .

• Chithandizo cha radiation:

Izi zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito kuwala kwa X-ray kwamphamvu kwambiri kuti kuwononge maselo a khansa. Chithandizo cha radiation nthawi zambiri chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pang'ono ngati chithandizo choyamba cha khansa ya adrenal. Chingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha khansa kubwerera pambuyo pa opaleshoni. Chingagwiritsidwenso ntchito kuchepetsa zizindikiro pamene khansa yafalikira. Madokotala angapereke chithandizo cha radiation pamodzi ndi chemotherapy kapena mankhwala ena.

• Mankhwala a Chemotherapy:

Chemotherapy ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera maselo a khansa. Mankhwalawa amatha kuperekedwa ngati mapiritsi kapena kudzera m'mitsempha. Chemotherapy nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza khansa ya adrenal yomwe yafalikira ku ziwalo zina za thupi. Ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito kupha maselo a khansa omwe atsala pambuyo pa opaleshoni.

Mitotane ndi mankhwala a chemotherapy omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochiza khansa ya adrenal gland.

• Mankhwala ena:

Madokotala amagwiritsanso ntchito mankhwala ena pochiza zotupa za adrenal gland. Mankhwala ena, monga metyrapone, amatha kuchepetsa kupanga mahomoni a adrenal steroid. Mankhwala ena, monga spironolactone ndi mifepristone, amaletsa zotsatira za mahomoni opangidwa ndi chotupacho.

Ngakhale kuti mankhwalawa angathandize kuchepetsa zizindikiro zanu, sachepetsa kapena kuwononga maselo a khansa.

Ndani amachiza khansa ya adrenal?

Ngati muli ndi khansa ya adrenal, gulu lanu lachipatala lingakhale ndi akatswiri angapo, kuphatikizapo:

• Madokotala a khansa - okhudza opaleshoni, chithandizo cha radiation, ndi mankhwala.
• Madokotala a Endocrinologists - omwe amakumana ndi mavuto okhudzana ndi mahomoni.

Kodi khansa ya adrenal imafalikira mofulumira?

Izi zimasiyana malinga ndi mtundu wa chotupa chomwe muli nacho:

• Khansa ya Adrenocortical, mtundu wofala kwambiri, nthawi zambiri imakula mofulumira ndipo imafalikira mofulumira.
• Mitundu ina ya neuroblastomas imakula pang'onopang'ono, pomwe ina imakula mofulumira.
• Matenda ambiri a khansa otchedwa pheochromocytomas amakula pang'onopang'ono.

Khansa ya adrenal sikhudza aliyense mofanana. Ngati muli ndi mafunso okhudza momwe chotupa chanu chikukulira mofulumira, ndi bwino kulankhula ndi dokotala wanu.

Kodi khansa ya adrenal gland ndi yoopsa bwanji?

Kawirikawiri, khansa ya adrenal gland ndi yovuta kuchiza. Kuyezetsa kwa khansa kumadalira komwe chotupacho chili, kukula kwake, komanso ngati chafalikira mbali zina za thupi.

Kodi mungapulumuke ndi khansa ya adrenal? Chiwerengero cha anthu omwe ali ndi khansa ya adrenal omwe amapulumuka

Inde, n'zotheka kupulumuka khansa ya adrenal. Komabe, izi zimadalira zinthu zambiri.

Ponena za kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi khansa ya adrenal yomwe imayambika, kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi khansa ya adrenal m'zaka zisanu ndi pakati pa 50% ndi 60% . Izi zikutanthauza kuti anthu okwana 60% omwe ali ndi matendawa amakhalabe ndi moyo zaka zisanu atapezeka ndi matendawa. Komabe, khansa ikafalikira m'thupi, kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi khansa imeneyi kumatsika kufika pa 10% mpaka 20%.

Koma kumbukirani izi: Chiwerengero cha anthu opulumuka ndi ziwerengero chabe. Sizikukuuzani nthawi yeniyeni yomwe mudzakhala ndi moyo kapena momwe chithandizo china chake chidzakuthandizireni. Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu kuti mudziwe momwe ziwerengerozi zikugwirira ntchito pa vuto lanu.

Kodi khansa ya adrenal ingapewedwe?

Palibe njira yotsimikizika yopewera khansa ya adrenal gland, koma kupewa zinthu zomwe zingawononge chilengedwe, monga kusuta fodya, kungathandize kuchepetsa chiopsezo chanu chonse pamlingo winawake.

Kodi ndiyenera kupita kwa dokotala liti?

Zizindikiro za khansa ya adrenal sizimaoneka nthawi zonse. Komabe, pitani kwa dokotala ngati mukukumana ndi zotsatirazi:

• Kupweteka m'mimba
• Matenda a shuga obwera mwadzidzidzi
• Kuchepetsa thupi kosayembekezereka kapena kuwonjezeka thupi
• Kukula kwa tsitsi mopitirira muyeso
• Kusintha kwa ziwalo zanu zoberekera

Ngati wachibale wanu wapafupi (kholo kapena m'bale wanu) wakhala ndi khansa ya adrenal, ndi bwinonso kulankhula ndi dokotala za chiopsezo chanu.

Ndi mafunso ati omwe ndiyenera kufunsa dokotala wanga?

Ngati inu kapena wokondedwa wanu mwapezeka ndi khansa ya adrenal, zingakhale zothandiza kudzifunsa mafunso awa:

• Kodi chotupa chili kuti? (Chotupa chili kuti?)
• Kodi chotupacho ndi chachikulu bwanji?
• Kodi khansa yafalikira kunja kwa adrenal gland yanga?
• Kodi ndikufunika kuyezetsa kwina?
• Kodi njira zanga zochiritsira ndi ziti?
• Kodi ndidzatha kugwira ntchito kapena kupita kusukulu panthawi ya chithandizo?
• Kodi ndiyamba liti kulandira chithandizo?
• Kodi ndingachite chiyani kuti ndichepetse zizindikiro zanga?
• Kodi pali mwayi wotani woti khansa ya adrenal ibwererenso?

Ndizachilendo kukhala ndi malingaliro osiyanasiyana mukazindikira kuti muli ndi khansa ya adrenal. Dokotala wanu alipo kuti akuthandizeni. Kuwonjezera pa kulankhula za njira zamankhwala, iye angakuuzeninso za magwero a chidziwitso ndi chithandizo. Mutha kulankhula ndi ena omwe akukumana ndi zokumana nazo zofanana kudzera m'magulu othandizira, kaya m'dera lanu kapena pa intaneti. Izi zingakuthandizeni kwambiri pa thanzi lanu la maganizo, lamaganizo, komanso lauzimu panthawi yovutayi.

Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba

Chabwino, tiyeni tikambirane mfundo zofunika kwambiri kuchokera pa zomwe takambirana.

• Khansa ya adrenal ndi matenda osowa kwambiri .
• Zizindikiro zimasiyana, ndipo nthawi zina sizingakhale ndi zizindikiro konse. Ngati muwona china chake chachilendo, funsani upangiri kwa dokotala.
• Choyambitsa sichimveka bwino nthawi zonse, koma majini ndi zinthu zachilengedwe zitha kukhala ndi gawo.
• Pali njira zingapo zochiritsira khansa, kutengera gawo ndi mtundu wa khansa.
• Kuzindikira msanga kumawonjezera mwayi wochira.
• Ngati inu kapena munthu amene mumamudziwa ali ndi mafunso okhudza izi, musaope kulankhula ndi dokotala. Chidziwitso cholondola ndi chithandizo ndizofunikira kwambiri.

Kumbukirani, simuli nokha. Sayansi ya zamankhwala yapita patsogolo, ndipo pali anthu ambiri omwe angakuthandizeni.

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