Kodi Wilms Tumor ndi chiyani? Kodi mwana wanu ali pachiwopsezo? Tiyeni tidziwe!

Kodi mungamve bwanji ngati mukusamba, kuvala, kapena kungogwira mwana wanu ndipo mukumva chotupa chaching'ono m'mimba mwake? Zimenezo n'zoopsa kwambiri, sichoncho? Nthawi ngati izi, tiyenera kuganizira za vuto ili lotchedwa chotupa cha Wilms. Tiyeni tikambirane za izi lero.

Kodi vuto la Wilms Tumor kwenikweni ndi chiyani?

Mwachidule, khansa ya Wilms ndi mtundu wa khansa ya impso yomwe imapezeka mwa ana aang'ono. Imakhala pafupifupi 90 peresenti ya khansa ya impso mwa ana. Nthawi zina, khansa ya Wilms imatha kuchitika limodzi ndi matenda ena omwe amapezeka pobadwa. Timatcha izi "matenda obadwa nawo" kapena mndandanda wa matenda omwe amapezeka pobadwa.

Izi zimatchedwanso `(chotupa cha Wilms)` ndi `(nephroblastoma)`. Nthawi zambiri, pamakhala chotupa chimodzi chokha mu impso imodzi. Komabe, ana ena amatha kukhala ndi zotupa mu impso zonse ziwiri `(zachiwiri),` kapena pakhoza kukhala malo oposa limodzi a khansa mu impso imodzi.

Ndani amene amapeza izi kwambiri?

Uwu ndi matenda osowa omwe amakhudza akuluakulu. Chifuwa cha Wilms ndi khansa yomwe imakhudza kwambiri ana osakwana zaka 15. Ana 95% omwe ali ndi matendawa amapezeka asanakwanitse zaka 10.

Ana akuda ochokera ku Africa ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu pang'ono. Ana aku Asia ali pachiwopsezo chochepa. Komanso, atsikana ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matendawa kuposa anyamata.

M'mabanja ochepa kwambiri, izi zanenedwanso kuti zimachokera ku majini.

Kodi vutoli ndi lofala bwanji?

M'dziko ngati America, akuti milandu yatsopano pafupifupi 500 ya khansa ya Wilms imanenedwa chaka chilichonse. N'zovuta kupeza ziwerengero zenizeni za momwe zilili ku Sri Lanka, koma iyi ndi khansa yomwe imawoneka pakati pa ana.

Kodi ndi matenda otani obadwa nawo omwe angawonekere ndi chotupa cha Wilms?

Ndikosowa kwambiri kuti ana omwe ali ndi chotupa cha Wilms akhale ndi matenda ena obadwa nawo. Koma zimatha kuchitika. Nazi zina mwa matenda akuluakulu:

• Matenda a Beckwith-Wiedemann: Ana omwe ali ndi matendawa ali ndi chiopsezo cha 5% mpaka 10% chotenga chotupa cha Wilms. Uwu ndi mkhalidwe womwe ziwalo za thupi zimakula kuposa momwe zimakhalira. Nthawi zina mbali imodzi ya thupi ingakhale yayikulu kuposa inzake.
• Matenda a WAGR: Ana omwe ali ndi matendawa ali pachiwopsezo cha 50% chotenga chotupa cha Wilms' (dzina la W limatanthauza Wilms). Izi zingayambitse kutayika pang'ono kwa iris (Aniridia), komanso mavuto a ziwalo zoberekera ndi impso.
• Matenda a Denys-Drash:Ana omwe ali ndi zizindikiro izi ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga chotupa cha Wilms, chomwe chingayambitsenso mavuto m'ziwalo zoberekera ndi impso.

Kodi zizindikiro za chotupa cha Wilms ndi ziti?

Yang'anani zizindikiro izi mwa mwana wanu:

• Chotupa kapena cholimba/chotupa m'mimba (m'mimba). Chotupa kapena chotupa ichi nthawi zina chimakhala chopweteka, koma nthawi zambiri sichimapweteka.
• Kupweteka m'mimba.
• Magazi mu mkodzo (hematuria).
• Malungo.
• Kuthamanga kwa magazi (kuthamanga kwa magazi). Izi zingayambitse kutuluka magazi m'mphuno, mutu, komanso maso otupa.

Ngati muli ndi chimodzi kapena zingapo mwa zizindikiro izi , muyenera kuwona dokotala nthawi yomweyo.

Kodi n’chiyani chimayambitsa khansa ya Wilms?

Ndipotu, sitikudziwabe chomwe chimayambitsa chotupa cha Wilms. Ngakhale kuti anthu ochepa kwambiri angakhale ndi vuto la majini, sizikudziwika chifukwa chake chimayamba nthawi zambiri.

Kodi chotupa cha Wilms chimapezeka bwanji (chimapezeka bwanji)?

Ngati muwona chotupa m'dera la thewera la mwana wanu, kapena ngati chotupacho chikukupangitsani kugwiritsa ntchito thewera lalikulu, dokotala wanu angafune kuyesa chotupa cha Wilms. Zotupazi nthawi zina zimakhala zazikulu kuposa impso.

Ngati mwana wanu ali ndi vuto limodzi mwa matenda omwe takambirana kale kapena vuto la majini, mutha kulankhula ndi dokotala wanu ndikusankha ngati mupitirize kuyezetsa.

Mayeso omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira chotupa cha Wilms ndi awa:

• Kuwunika thupi: Pa nthawi imeneyi, dokotala amakhudza mimba ya mwanayo mosamala.
• Mayeso ojambula zithunzi:
• Kujambula kwa ultrasound m'mimba.
• Kujambula kwa CT - Izi nthawi zambiri zimachitika pobayira jakisoni wamadzimadzi apadera (wosiyana).
• Dokotala angachitenso X-ray pachifuwa kapena CT scan kuti aone ngati khansa yafalikira m'mapapo.
• Mayeso awa ojambulira zithunzi angathandize kudziwa ngati mwana wanu ali ndi chotupa. Angathandizenso kusiyanitsa pakati pa chotupa cha Wilms ndi mtundu wina wa khansa ya impso.
• Kuyezetsa magazi ndi mkodzo: Izi zikuphatikizapo kuyezetsa ntchito ya chiwindi ndi kuyezetsa magazi kuundana.
• Kufufuza za khansa: Izi zimaphatikizapo kutenga minofu yaing'ono kuchokera ku chotupacho ndikuitumiza ku labu kuti ikayesedwe.

Kodi muyenera kudziwa chiyani za kufalikira kwa khansa ya m'mawere?

Pali njira ziwiri zodziwira siteji ya chotupa cha Wilms, kutanthauza kuti, khansa yafalikira mpaka pati. Izi zimatchedwa "staging." Chiwerengero chikakhala chachikulu, khansa imafalikira kwambiri.

Madokotala m'maiko aku Europe amagwiritsa ntchito njira ya International Society of Paediatric Oncology (SIOP). Madokotala ku United States ndi Canada amagwiritsa ntchito njira ya Children's Oncology Group (COG).

Kusiyana kumodzi pakati pa njira ziwirizi ndikuti mu njira ya COG, gawo la chotupa limayesedwa pambuyo pa opaleshoni komanso chemotherapy (mankhwala oletsa khansa) isanaperekedwe. Mu njira ya SIOP, opaleshoni imachitika pambuyo pa chemotherapy ndipo gawo limayesedwa pambuyo pake.

Magawo omwe ali pansi pa COG system amagawidwa motere:

• Gawo Loyamba: Chotupacho chili mu impso ya mwana yekha ndipo chingachotsedwe kwathunthu ndi opaleshoni.
• Gawo Lachiwiri: Chotupacho chakula kuchokera mu impso, koma chingachotsedwe kwathunthu ndi opaleshoni.
• Gawo Lachitatu: Chotupacho sichingathe kuchotsedwa kwathunthu. Maselo a khansa amakhalabe m'mimba mwa mwana (m'mimba mwake).
• Gawo Lachinayi: Khansa yafalikira kupitirira mimba ndi chiuno cha mwana kupita kumadera ena, monga mapapo, chiwindi, mafupa, ndi ubongo.
• Gawo V: Chotupa chili mu impso zonse ziwiri (ziwiri). Pa gawoli, madokotala amaona gawo la impso zonse ziwiri padera.

Kodi chotupa cha Wilms chimachiritsidwa bwanji?

Chotupa cha Wilms nthawi zambiri chimachiritsidwa ndi opaleshoni ndi chemotherapy. Nthawi zina chithandizo cha radiation chingagwiritsidwenso ntchito.

Ana omwe ali ndi zotupa zochepa, komwe khansa sinafalikire ndipo chotupacho chingachotsedwe kwathunthu, amatha kuchitidwa opaleshoni yokha. Nthawi zina, chemotherapy ingaperekedwe musanachite opaleshoni kuti chotupacho chichepe, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti opaleshoniyo ikhale yotetezeka.

Mankhwala a chemotherapy nthawi zambiri amaperekedwa kudzera m'mitsempha (IV). Izi zitha kuchitika kwa wodwala wakunja kapena kuchipatala.

Mwana wanu akhoza kukhala ndi zotsatirapo zoyipa chifukwa cha mankhwala a chemotherapy kapena radiation. Ngati izi zitachitika, onetsetsani kuti mwadziwitsa dokotala wanu. Pali zinthu zomwe mungachite kuti muchepetse zotsatirapo zoyipa komanso mankhwala omwe mungapatse mwana wanu.

Kodi chotupa cha Wilms chingapewedwe?

Palibe chomwe inu kapena mwana wanu mungachite kuti muyambitse kapena kuletsa khansa ya Wilms. Ichi ndi chinthu chomwe sitingathe kuchilamulira.

Kodi chiyembekezo cha munthu amene ali ndi chotupa cha Wilms ndi chiyani?

Nthawi zambiri, nthawi zambiri, khansa ya Wilms imakhala yabwino kwambiri. Zotsatira zake zimakhala zabwino kwambiri, makamaka ngati dokotala atha kuchotsa chotupacho kwathunthu ndipo khansayo sinafalikire kwina kulikonse m'thupi. Komabe, pali mwayi wochepa woti chotupa cha Wilms "chidzabwereranso".

Kodi chotupa cha Wilms chingaphe?

Ngakhale kuti chotupa cha Wilms chingachiritsidwe bwino pogwiritsa ntchito opaleshoni, chemotherapy, ndi/kapena chithandizo cha radiation,Iyi ikadali khansa. Chifukwa chake, ikhoza kupha. Ndicho chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuzindikira msanga ndikuyamba kulandira chithandizo.

Kodi chiŵerengero cha kupulumuka kwa chotupa cha Wilms ndi chotani?

Pafupifupi 90% ya anthu omwe adapezeka ndi chotupa cha Wilms amakhalabe ndi moyo patatha zaka zisanu. Kuchuluka kumeneku kumatha kusiyana pang'ono kutengera zinthu monga gawo la khansa, kukula kwa chotupacho, ndi momwe maselo a khansa amaonekera pansi pa maikulosikopu (histology). Ngakhale kale zinkanenedwa kuti ana osakwana zaka ziwiri anali ndi chiopsezo chochepa chobwereranso, ukalamba tsopano suli chinthu chofunikira kwambiri kuposa kale.

Kodi ndiyenera kupita liti kwa dokotala wanga za chotupa cha Wilms?

Ngati mwana wanu akulandira chithandizo cha chotupa cha Wilms, pitani kwa dokotala ngati muli ndi nkhawa kapena mafunso. Makamaka ngati muwona zizindikiro zatsopano kapena ngati chinachake chikuipiraipira, mudziwitseni nthawi yomweyo.

Pa nthawi ya chithandizo chanu, gulu lanu lachipatala lidzakuuzani zomwe muyenera kusamala nazo, monga zizindikiro za matenda a mkodzo. Ngati izi zitachitika, mungafunike kupita kuchipatala chadzidzidzi.

Mwanayo adzafunikanso kupita kukaonana ndi dokotala nthawi ndi nthawi kuti atsimikizire kuti ali bwino. Dokotalayo angatumizenso mwanayo kwa katswiri wa impso (nephrologist) kapena katswiri wa mkodzo (urologist).

Kodi ndingathandize bwanji mwana wanga kukhala wathanzi atalandira chithandizo cha khansa ya Wilms?

Ndikofunika kuti mwana wanu achite zinthu izi:

• Imwani madzi okwanira kuti impso zanu zigwire ntchito bwino.
• Chepetsani kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala monga aspirin, ibuprofen, ndi naproxen. Lankhulani ndi dokotala wa mwana wanu za mankhwala omwe sangavulaze impso za mwana wanu.
• Yesani kuthamanga kwa magazi anu nthawi ndi nthawi.

Kodi chotupa cha Wilms chimapweteka?

Chotupa cha Wilms nthawi zina chimakhala chopweteka, koma nthawi zina sichimakhala chopweteka.

Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa chotupa cha Wilms (nephroblastoma) ndi neuroblastoma?

Ngakhale mawu awiriwa amamveka ofanana, ndi mitundu iwiri ya khansa yomwe imayamba m'mitundu iwiri yosiyana ya maselo. Nephroblastoma ndi khansa ya impso. Neuroblastoma ndi khansa yomwe imayamba m'maselo a mitsempha. Nthawi zambiri imayamba m'maselo a adrenal, koma imathanso kulowa m'impso. Mitundu yonse iwiri ya khansa imapezeka mwa ana, ndipo yonse ikhoza kubwera ngati chotupa m'mimba. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kupeza matenda olondola.

Ngati mwana wanu wapezeka ndi chotupa cha Wilms, dokotala wanu angakulangizeni kuti mulankhule ndi chipatala chomwe chimathandiza kwambiri pochiza khansa ya ana. Ngakhale kuti chotupa cha Wilms sichipezeka kawirikawiri, ndi matenda ochiritsika. Mwana wanu akhozanso kukhala woyenerera kutenga nawo mbali mu mayeso azachipatala. Ana ambiri omwe ali ndi chotupa cha Wilms alembetsedwa mu pulogalamuyi. Kupita patsogolo kwakukulu pa chithandizo cha chotupa cha Wilms ndi zotsatira za mayeso azachipatala awa.

Chinthu Chofunika Kwambiri (Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba)

Chabwino, takambirana zambiri za chotupa cha Wilms, sichoncho? Chofunika kukumbukira ndichakuti ngati muwona zotupa zachilendo kapena kutupa m'mimba mwa mwana wanu, musachite mantha ndipo pitani kwa dokotala nthawi yomweyo.

• Chotupa cha Wilms ndi khansa yomwe imayamba m'impso za ana aang'ono.
• Ngakhale kuti chifukwa chenicheni cha izi sichikudziwika, pakhoza kukhala zotsatira zina za majini.
• Ngati matendawa atapezeka msanga ndi kuchiritsidwa bwino, mwayi wochira umakhala waukulu kwambiri.
• Opaleshoni, chemotherapy, ndipo nthawi zina chithandizo cha radiation ndiye njira zazikulu zothandizira.
• Ngakhale mutalandira chithandizo, ndikofunikira kwambiri kutsatira malangizo a dokotala mosamala ndikupita kukayezetsa nthawi yomwe yakhazikitsidwa.

Musachite mantha. Sayansi ya zamankhwala yapita patsogolo kwambiri masiku ano. Chofunika kwambiri ndi chidwi chanu ndi kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu. Ndikufunira mwana wanu kuchira mwachangu!

Chotupa cha Wilms , nephroblastoma, khansa ya ana, khansa ya impso, thanzi la ana, zizindikiro za khansa, chithandizo cha khansa