Kodi nthawi zina zimakuvutani kukhala bwino ndi ena? Kapena mumakonda kuchita zinthu zomwezo ndikuchita zinthu zomwezo? Kuyambira ali mwana, kodi ena amakuonani ngati "wosiyana pang'ono" kapena "wovuta"? Mwina mukukumana ndi mavuto ndi zinthuzi nokha. Koma kodi munayamba mwaganizapo kuti chomwe chimayambitsa zonsezi chikhoza kukhala chinthu chomwe simunaganizirepo, chomwe ndi Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)?
Kodi autism kwenikweni ndi chiyani?
Choyamba, tiyeni timvetse izi. Matenda a Autism si matenda kapena vuto la maganizo. Mwachidule, ndi njira yosiyana yomwe mitsempha ya muubongo wathu imakulirakulira. Zili ngati anthu ena ndi aatali, ena ndi afupiafupi, ena amalemba ndi dzanja lawo lamanja, ena amalemba ndi dzanja lawo lamanzere. Amatchedwa "spectrum" chifukwa momwe vutoli limakhudzira munthu aliyense ndi losiyana kwambiri. Ngakhale anthu ena angakhale ndi zizindikiro zochepa kwambiri, ena angakhale ndi vuto lochita ntchito za tsiku ndi tsiku.
Matenda a Autism amakhudza kwambiri magawo awiri:
1. Kulankhulana ndi anthu ena : Mavuto angabuke pa zinthu monga kumvetsetsa momwe anthu ena akumvera, nkhope zawo, tanthauzo la mawu awo, kuyang'anana maso, komanso kuyambitsa ndi kusunga ubwenzi.
2. Makhalidwe oletsa komanso obwerezabwereza: Zizindikiro zimaphatikizapo kubwerezabwereza zinthu zomwezo mobwerezabwereza, kukhala ndi chidwi ndi zomwezo, kukhala ndi chidwi chachikulu ndi nkhani inayake (monga sitima, ma dinosaur, zida zamagetsi), komanso kukhala ndi chidwi kwambiri ndi zinthu monga kuwala, phokoso, ndi kukhudza.
Nanga bwanji sindinamvetse izi ndili mwana?
Funso ili ndi lomveka bwino. Masiku ano, madokotala amaganizira izi akamayesa ana aang'ono, azaka zapakati pa 18 ndi 24. Chifukwa chake, autism nthawi zambiri imapezeka pakati pa zaka 2-4.
Koma zinthu zinali zosiyana kwambiri zaka 20-30 zapitazo.
- Kusadziwa: Panthawiyo, anthu ambiri sankadziwa zambiri zokhudza matenda a autism. Zotsatira zake, mavuto a ana omwe amakumana nawo pagulu ankatchedwa molakwika kuti “manyazi,” “kusakhala ndi mtima wofuna kusangalala,” ndi “kulephera kuphunzira” monga “kupusa.”
- Matenda Olakwika: Nthawi zina, zizindikiro za autism zimasokonezedwa ndi matenda ena amisala, monga Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) kapena Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD).
- Kubisa Chigoba : Munthu, makamaka munthu wanzeru komanso waluso pophunzira, angayese kubisa kusasangalala kwake ndi anthu ena ndikutsanzira ena kuti azichita zinthu “mwachizolowezi.” Izi zimatchedwa ‘kubisa chigoba.’ Izi zikutanthauza kuti ngakhale atakhala ndi nkhawa yotani mkati mwake, sizimaonekera kunja.
Ngati munali chete kwambiri, munkakhala nokha, kapena munkangowerenga mabuku okha muli mwana, akuluakulu mwina sanamvetse mavuto anu amkati.
Zifukwa zokayikira kuti muli ndi autism mukakula
Kawirikawiri, munthu wamkulu amayamba kufufuza izi ndi chochitika china. Mwina mwana wanu akapezeka ndi autism, mungaganize nokha mukamawerenga zizindikirozo kuti, "O, ndine ameneyo." Kapena mukapita kukaonana ndi dokotala wa matenda amisala chifukwa cha vuto lina, angazindikire zizindikirozi.
Yang'anani tebulo ili m'munsimu. Kodi inunso mukumva izi?
| Kodi mumamva choncho? (Zomwe mwakumana nazo) | Momwe autism imakhudzira (chifukwa chake mwina) |
|---|---|
| Zochitika zachikhalidwe monga maphwando aofesi ndi maukwati zimakhala zotopetsa kwambiri. Mudzakhala mutatopa kwa masiku ambiri mukabwerera. | Zimafunika mphamvu zambiri za ubongo kuti mumvetse machitidwe a anthu ena, momwe amalankhulira, komanso kuganizira zomwe munganene. Izi zimatopetsa kwambiri m'maganizo. |
| Ndimakonda kutenga njira yomweyo popita kuntchito, kudya kusitolo komweko, komanso kukonzekera tsiku langa mwanjira yomweyo. Ngati zinthu zasintha mwadzidzidzi, ndimakhala ndi nkhawa komanso nkhawa. | Zochita za tsiku ndi tsiku zimapatsa munthu chitetezo ndi bata. Kusintha kosayembekezereka kungapangitse dziko kukhala lopanda mphamvu. |
| Kaya mukulankhula kwambiri za nkhani inayake (monga mbiri yakale, mapulogalamu apakompyuta, chida choimbira nyimbo), mumakhalabe ndi chidwi nayo ngakhale ena angaganize kuti ndi "yosasangalatsa." | Izi zimatchedwa "Zokonda Zapadera." Anthu omwe ali ndi autism ali ndi luso loyang'ana kwambiri pa nkhani inayake. |
| Magetsi owala, nyimbo zokweza, ndi anthu olankhula m'sitolo yayikulu zikundipweteka mutu. Sindingathe kupirira kumva mawu olembedwa pa zovala akundikhudza thupi langa. | Izi zimatchedwa kupitirira muyeso kwa masensa. Ubongo ukalephera kugwira bwino ntchito zomwe zimamveka (zooneka, zomveka, kukhudza) zomwe zimabwera mkati mwake, maganizo amasokonezeka. |
Chabwino, tsopano mumapeza bwanji matenda?
Kuzindikira matenda a autism mwa munthu wamkulu n'kovuta kwambiri kuposa kuzindikira mwana wamng'ono, chifukwa mwaphunzira kale njira zosiyanasiyana zothanirana ndi mavuto anu ndikubisa.
Zinthu zoti muchite
1. Pitani kwa dokotala: Choyamba komanso chofunika kwambiri ndikulankhula ndi dokotala wa banja lanu (GP). Iye akhoza kukutumizani kwa dokotala wa matenda amisala kapena katswiri wa zamaganizo yemwe ndi katswiri pankhaniyi.
2. Mayeso odziyesa pa intaneti: Pali mafunso odziyesa pa intaneti opangidwa makamaka kwa akuluakulu. Mutha kuyesa nokha. Koma kumbukirani, awa okha sangakhale njira yotsimikizika 100% yodziwira ngati muli ndi autism. Komabe, ndi poyambira pabwino. Zotsatira za mafunso awa zingakuthandizeni kulankhula ndi dokotala wanu.
3. Njira yodziwira matenda: Dokotala akamakufufuzani,
- Amaona khalidwe lanu ndi momwe mumalankhulira.
- Amafunsa mafunso ambiri okhudza moyo wanu wamakono, ntchito yanu, ndi maubwenzi anu.
- Chofunika kwambiri ndi ubwana wanu. Amakufunsani zinthu monga momwe munalili muli mwana, nthawi yomwe munayamba kulankhula, momwe munkasewerera, komanso ngati munali ndi anzanu.
- Ngati muli ndi makolo, abale anu, kapena aliyense amene anakudziwani kuyambira muli ana, dokotala angafunenso kulankhula nawo, chifukwa angakumbukire zinthu zomwe simukukumbukira.
Ulendo uwu sungakhale wosavuta, koma udzakhala mpumulo waukulu kudziwa zoona zake.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Matenda a Autism si vuto lomwe limakhudza ana okha, koma lingathenso kupezeka munthu akakula. Ngati mukumva choncho, simuli nokha.
- Kusasangalala kwanu ndi anthu, kusasamala kwanu, ndi mavuto amalingaliro si "cholakwa chanu." Zingakhale njira yosiyana yomwe ubongo wanu umagwirira ntchito.
- Gawo loyamba kuti mupeze matenda ndikulankhula ndi dokotala wanu. Musamangodalira mayeso apaintaneti okha.
- Kuzindikira matenda a autism si chizindikiro chomwe chimakupangitsani kuti mudzimvetse bwino, kuzindikira mphamvu zanu, ndikuphunzira kuthana ndi mavuto anu.
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