Kodi munayamba mwadzifunsapo kuti zinatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji kuti piritsi lomwe mudamwa m'mawa uno lifike m'manja mwanu? Choyamba, amachita kafukufuku wambiri m'ma laboratories. Kenako amayesa pa nyama. Koma asanavomerezedwe kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito mwa anthu, ayenera kuyesa pa anthu. Imeneyi ndi njira yomwe timaitcha kuti mayeso azachipatala. Ndi njira yovuta kwambiri komanso yokwera mtengo.
Mwachidule, kodi mayeso azachipatala ndi chiyani?
Mwachidule, mayeso azachipatala amagwira ntchito motere: Ofufuza amalemba odwala omwe ali ndi matenda omwe mankhwala atsopanowa akuwagwiritsa ntchito. Kenako odziperekawa amagawidwa mwachisawawa m'magulu awiri.
1. Gulu loyamba limapatsidwa mankhwala atsopano kuti liyesedwe.
2. Gulu lachiwiri , ``Control Group'', limapatsidwa placebo yomwe ilibe chogwiritsira ntchito ndipo imafanana ndendende ndi mankhwalawo. Timatcha ichi ``Placebo''.
Ngati, kumapeto kwa kafukufukuyu, zizindikiro za omwe adamwa mankhwala atsopano zachepa kwambiri kuposa omwe adamwa placebo, ndiye kuti izi zikusonyeza kuti mankhwala atsopanowa ndi othandiza.
Chimodzi mwa zovuta zazikulu mu mayeso otere ndikupeza odwala okwanira omwe ali oyenera mayesowo. Nthawi zina madokotala sadziwa kuti ndi mayeso ati omwe ali oyenera odwala awo. Komanso, makhalidwe a odwala omwe akufuna kutenga nawo mbali sangagwirizane ndi zofunikira za mayesowo. Komabe, luntha lochita kupanga (AI) lingapangitse ntchitoyi kukhala yosavuta.
Kumanani ndi "Digital Twin" yanu
Tangoganizani kuti muli ndi kompyuta yanu, kutanthauza kuti, kopi yanu ya digito. Ndicho chomwe chimatchedwa ``Digital Twin''. Izi ndi ``Computer Models'' chabe zomwe zimatsanzira chinthu chenicheni kapena dongosolo pa kompyuta. Koma zikayang'aniridwa mwa manambala, zimachita chimodzimodzi ndi chinthu chenicheni. Chitsanzo chabwino kwambiri ndi pamene thanki ya okosijeni pa chombo cha Apollo 13 inaphulika, NASA inathandiza kukonza ndi ``Digital Twin'' ya chombo chomwecho chomangidwa pa Dziko Lapansi.
Tsopano, asayansi amatha kupanga "Digital Twin" ya munthu, akapatsidwa "deta" yokwanira. Izi zimagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wanzeru wochita kupanga wotchedwa "Machine Learning". Mwachidule, izi zimaphatikizapo kupatsa pulogalamu ya pakompyuta deta yambiri ndikulola kuti iphunzire kuchokera pamenepo.
Mapasa a digito a odwala amapangidwa pophunzitsa ma Machine Learning awa pogwiritsa ntchito deta yochokera ku mayeso am'mbuyomu azachipatala komanso zolemba zachipatala za wodwala aliyense. Kenako chitsanzocho chimatha kulosera momwe thanzi la wodwala lidzasinthire panthawi yonse ya mayesowo ngati atapatsidwa placebo.Ndiko kuti, gulu lowongolera lopangidwa ndi kompyuta (Simulated Control Group) limapangidwa kwa wodwala yemweyo.
Tsopano tiyeni tiwone momwe izi zimagwirira ntchito. Tiyerekeze kuti munthu wina dzina lake "Samadhi" wasankhidwa kukhala m'gulu lomwe limalandira mankhwala atsopano. "Digital Twin" ya Samadhi, chitsanzo cha kompyuta, ili m'gulu lolamulira. Chitsanzocho chimaneneratu zomwe zingachitike ngati Samadhi atapatsidwa "Placebo" m'malo mwa mankhwala enieni. Pomaliza pake, kusiyana pakati pa momwe Samadhi amayankhira mankhwalawo ndi zomwe chitsanzocho chinaneneratu kuti zingachitike ngati atamwa "Placebo" ndi muyeso wa momwe mankhwalawa alili othandiza kwa Samadhi.
Chimodzi mwa ubwino waukulu wa njira iyi ndi chakuti pafupifupi aliyense amene amachita nawo mayeso azachipatala ali ndi mwayi wolandira mankhwala atsopanowa, chifukwa ``placebo'' imaperekedwa kwa mapasa awo a digito.
Tiyeni tiwone tebulo ili kuti tiwone bwino ubwino wogwiritsa ntchito ``Digital Twins'' m'malo mwa magulu olamulira achikhalidwe.
| Khalidwe | Njira yachikhalidwe | Njira ya Mapasa a Digito |
|---|---|---|
| Gulu Lolamulira | Anthu enieni ndi enieni. Amalandira (Placebo). | Zimapangidwa ndi makompyuta (Digital Twins). |
| Ubwino kwa odwala | Pali mwayi wa 50% wopeza placebo. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mutha kusiya kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala atsopano. | Anthu ambiri ali ndi mwayi woyesa mankhwala enieni. |
| Chiwerengero cha odzipereka chikufunika | Anthu ambiri akufunika (kwa magulu onse awiri). | Mayesowa akhoza kuchitidwa ndi anthu ochepa. |
| Nthawi ndi mtengo | Pamwamba kwambiri. | Zingachepe kwambiri. |
Ngakhale kuti ukadaulo uwu ndi wabwino, kodi palibe mavuto?
Ngakhale kuti ukadaulo uwu uli ndi chiyembekezo chachikulu chamtsogolo, sunagwiritsidwe ntchito kwambiri. Pakhoza kukhala zifukwa zomveka za izi. Monga momwe Dr. Daniel Neal, katswiri wa ``(Kuphunzira Makina)'' akunenera, mitundu iyi imadalira deta yambiri. Komanso, n'kovuta kwambiri kupeza deta yapamwamba kuchokera kwa anthu pawokha.
"Nthawi zambiri anthu amadzinenera okha za zinthu monga zakudya zawo ndi chizolowezi chawo chochita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Anthu nthawi zambiri sanena zoona. Amakonda kupitirira muyeso kuchuluka kwa masewera olimbitsa thupi omwe amachita komanso kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa zakudya zopanda thanzi zomwe amadya."
Vuto lina ndi zotsatirapo zosayembekezereka komanso zosayembekezereka zomwe mankhwala angayambitse. Izi nthawi zambiri sizimaphimbidwa ndi chitsanzo chomwe chapangidwira gulu lolamulira.
Koma mantha akulu a Dr. Neal ndi akuti chitsanzo choloserachi chimachokera ku "bizinesi monga mwachizolowezi." Tangoganizirani chochitika chachikulu, chosayembekezereka monga mliri wa COVID-19 chomwe chimasintha khalidwe la aliyense ndikupangitsa anthu kudwala. "Ma model owongolera saganizira izi," akutero. Kenako, chifukwa cha zochitika izi zomwe gulu lowongolera silinaganizire, zotsatira zomaliza za kuyeseraku zitha kukhala zosiyana kwambiri.
Kodi izi zingagwiritsidwe ntchitodi? Kodi tsogolo lidzakhala lotani?
Eric Topol, katswiri wodziwa kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa digito pa chisamaliro chaumoyo, akuganiza kuti lingaliroli ndi labwino, koma nthawi siinafike. "Sindikuganiza kuti mayeso azachipatala asintha posachedwa. Chifukwa zimafuna magawo angapo a deta, kupatula zolemba zaumoyo zokha, monga ma genome sequences, gut microbiome, deta ya chilengedwe."
Malinga ndi Charles Fisher, yemwe anayambitsa Unlearn.AI, yemwe ndi katswiri pa ukadaulo uwu, pali kale njira zothetsera mavuto okhudzana ndi zachinsinsi komanso tsankho la deta. "Zachinsinsi n'zosavuta. Timagwira ntchito ndi deta yomwe yadziwika kale."
Ponena za tsankho, iye akunena kuti ngakhale kuti nkhaniyi sinathetsedwe kotheratu, siyogwirizana ndi zotsatira za kafukufukuyu. Chifukwa maphunzirowa amangochitika mwachisawawa, ngakhale patakhala tsankho linalake mu deta, sizikhudza zotsatira zake. Komabe, akatswiri ena sagwirizana ndi lingaliro ili. Amati,Chifukwa mukuyerekeza munthu weniweni ndi chitsanzo cha kompyuta, ngati pali cholakwika chilichonse mu chitsanzo chimenecho, chingakhudze mwachindunji zotsatira zake.
Komabe, Unlearn.AI ikugwira ntchito kale ndi makampani opanga mankhwala kuti apange mayeso azachipatala a matenda amitsempha monga Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, ndi multiple sclerosis. Anasankha matenda awa ngati malo abwino oyambira chifukwa ali ndi deta yambiri kuposa ena. Fisher akunena kuti ngati njira imeneyi tsiku lina ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pa matenda onse, ikhoza kuchepetsa kwambiri nthawi yomwe imatenga kuti mankhwala atsopano abwere pamsika.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Mapasa a digito ndi chitsanzo cha pakompyuta cha wodwala weniweni yemwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa mankhwala atsopano.
- Izi zimathandiza kuti mitundu iyi ya digito igwiritsidwe ntchito m'malo mogwiritsa ntchito anthu enieni pagulu lolamulira.
- Ubwino waukulu wa njira iyi ndi wakuti anthu ambiri omwe akutenga nawo mbali mu kafukufukuyu ali ndi mwayi wolandira mankhwala enieni omwe akuyesedwa.
- Komabe, mavuto akadalipo, monga kuvutika kupeza deta yapamwamba komanso kulephera kupanga chitsanzo cha zochitika zosayembekezereka.
- Ngakhale kuti ukadaulo uwu uli ndi lonjezo lalikulu pa tsogolo la zamankhwala, udakalipo. Ngati muli ndi nkhawa kapena kukayikira kulikonse, ndikofunikira kulankhula ndi dokotala wanu .
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