Tangoganizirani kuti muli pa phwando ndi mnzanu. Aliyense akusangalala, ndipo mwadzidzidzi mnzanu wina sangathe kudzuka ndipo wagwa pansi, osadziwa kalikonse. Anthu ambiri angaganize kuti, "Waledzera kwambiri kuti akhalebe wathanzi." Koma kodi izi ndi zachilendo? Kapena ndi chinthu chomwe sitiganizira? Lero tikulankhula za vuto loopsali lomwe anthu ambiri saliganizira kwambiri, koma limatha kupha, kutanthauza, poizoni wa mowa .
Kodi poizoni wa mowa kwenikweni ndi chiyani?
Mwachidule, poizoni wa mowa ndi pamene munthu mwadzidzidzi ali ndi mowa wochuluka m'magazi mwake moti sangathe kuugwira. Izi zikachitika, mowa umayamba kusokoneza mbali za ubongo wathu zomwe zimalamulira njira zofunika kwambiri m'miyoyo yathu. Taganizirani thupi lathu ngati fakitale yayikulu. Ubongo ndiye chipinda chake chachikulu chowongolera. Zinthu zofunika kwambiri monga kupuma , kugunda kwa mtima , ndi kutentha kwa thupi zimayendetsedwa kuchokera ku chipinda chowongolera ichi. Ngati poizoni wa mowa wachitika, zimakhala ngati mphamvu ya chipinda chowongolera ichi yazimitsidwa mwadzidzidzi. Uwu ndi mkhalidwe woopsa komanso woopsa womwe umafuna chithandizo chadzidzidzi .
Vutoli nthawi zambiri limayamba chifukwa chomwa mowa wambiri (monga mowa, vinyo, kapena mowa) kwa kanthawi kochepa. Komabe, likhozanso kuchitika chifukwa cha mwangozi kapena kumwa zinthu zina zomwe zili ndi mowa, monga mankhwala otsukira pakamwa, mankhwala odzola, ndi mankhwala ena a chifuwa.
Kodi zizindikiro za poizoni wa mowa ndi ziti?
Ngati wina ali ndi poizoni woledzera, akhoza kusonyeza chimodzi kapena zingapo mwa zizindikiro zotsatirazi. Ngati mukuona izi , musamazitenge mopepuka.
| Chizindikiro | Kufotokozera kosavuta |
|---|---|
| Kusokonezeka maganizo ndi kuyankha mochedwa | Kusamvetsa zomwe zikunenedwa, kutenga nthawi yayitali kuyankha funso, kusadziwa komwe muli. |
| Kulephera kulamulira thupi | Sindingathe kuyenda molunjika, sindingathe kukhala pamalo amodzi, nthawi zonse ndimagwa. |
| Kuvuta kukumbukira | Ngakhale mutalankhula naye, sangadzuke, nthawi zonse amagona tulo, ndipo nthawi zina amataya chidziwitso kwathunthu. |
| Kusanza | Mukhoza kusanza kosalekeza. Choopsa kwambiri n'chakuti ngati mukusanza muli osadziwa, kusanzako kungabwererenso m'mapapo mwanu ndikupangitsa kuti munthu asamagwire bwino ntchito. |
| Kupuma kosakhazikika | Kupuma pang'onopang'ono kumakhala kochedwa kwambiri (kupuma kosakwana 8 pa mphindi imodzi) kapena kupuma kumakhala kosasinthasintha. |
| Kuchepa kwa kugunda kwa mtima | Kugunda kwa mtima kungakhale kotsika kwambiri kuposa kwachizolowezi . |
| Khungu lozizira, lofewa komanso lofiirira (cyanosis) | Thupi limamva kuzizira likakhudza. Khungu ndi lofewa. Pakhoza kukhala mtundu wa buluu, makamaka kuzungulira milomo ndi zikhadabo. Izi zimasonyeza kusowa kwa mpweya m'magazi. |
| Kutentha pang'ono kwa thupi (hypothermia) | Kutentha kwa thupi kungatsike kufika pamlingo woopsa. |
| Kugwidwa ndi khunyu | Anthu ena amatha kugwidwa ndi khunyu, kutaya madzi m'thupi, komanso kugwidwa ndi khunyu. |
| Kusadziletsa (kulephera kulamulira mkodzo kapena ndowe) | Zinthu ngati zimenezi zingachitike chifukwa ubongo umataya mphamvu. |
Ngati muwona munthu ali ndi zizindikiro izi, musayembekezere mpaka "atachira pang'ono." Sekondi iliyonse ikhoza kukhala nkhondo ya moyo kapena imfa. Pitani naye ku Dipatimenti Yodzidzimutsa ya chipatala chapafupi (ETU) nthawi yomweyo.
Kodi ndiyenera kuchita chiyani ngati ndikukayikira kuti wina ali ndi poizoni woledzeretsa?
Pali zinthu zingapo zomwe mungachite komanso zomwe muyenera kuchita mpaka thandizo lachipatala litafika. Zinthuzi zili ndi mwayi waukulu wopulumutsa moyo wa munthu.
1. Funani thandizo nthawi yomweyo: Imbani ambulansi mosazengereza. Kapena, ngati n'kotheka, yendetsani galimoto kupita ku Dipatimenti Yothandiza Pangozi (ETU) yapafupi mwamsanga.
2. Yesetsani kumupangitsa munthu kukhala maso: Ngati n'kotheka, yesetsani kumupangitsa munthu kukhala maso. Lankhulani naye. Koma musayese kumukakamiza kuti adzuke .
3. Perekani madzi pang'ono (pokhapokha ngati ali ndi chidziwitso): Perekani madzi pang'ono kwa munthuyo pokhapokha ngati ali ndi chidziwitso ndipo angathe kumeza zakumwa. Musaike chilichonse mkamwa mwa munthu wosadziwa. Kuchita zimenezi kungapangitse kuti zinthu zilowe mu mkodzo.
4. Pewani kusanza (izi ndizofunikira kwambiri!): Tembenuzani munthu wosadziwa chilichonse kuti agone m'mbali mwake. Monga momwe amachitira akamagona. Mwanjira imeneyi, ngakhale atasanza , kusanzako kudzatuluka osalowa m'mapapo mwake. Izi zimatchedwa 'malo ochira' m'mawu azachipatala. Chinthu chosavuta ichi chingapulumutse moyo.
5. Sungani thupi lanu litenthe: Kutentha kwa thupi kumatha kutsika kwambiri ngati munthu wamwa mowa. Choncho, musungeni munthuyo kutentha mwa kumukulunga bwino mu nsalu kapena bulangeti.
6. Fotokozani zomwe mukuchita: Popeza ali ndi chikumbumtima, akhoza kukhala ndi mantha komanso wankhanza ngakhale mutayesa kumuthandiza. Choncho, fotokozani modekha zinthu monga, "Ndikuyesera kukuthandizani" kapena "Tikupita kuchipatala tsopano."
Gulu lachipatala likafika, kuwauza tsatanetsatane womwe mukudziwa (monga kuchuluka kwa kumwa, zomwe munamwa, ndi nthawi yomwe zizindikiro zanu zinayamba) kudzakuthandizani kwambiri pa chithandizo.
N’chifukwa chiyani poizoni wa mowa amachitika? N’chiyani chimachitika mkati mwa thupi?
Tikamwa mowa, umalowa m'magazi kuchokera m'mimba mwathu ndi m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono. Kenako umayendayenda m'thupi lonse limodzi ndi magazi. Thupi lathu limaona mowa ngati poizoni. Chiwalo chachikulu chomwe chimachotsa poizoniyu ndi chiwindi chathu.
Taganizirani chiwindi chathu ngati fyuluta yamadzi. Madzi akalowa pa liwiro labwinobwino, fyulutayo imachiyeretsa bwino. Koma chimachitika ndi chiyani ngati mwadzidzidzi mwathira madzi ambiri amatope pa liwiro lalikulu kuchokera ku chitoliro chachikulu? Fyulutayo imatsekeka ndipo singathe kuiyeretsa. Mofananamo, tikamwa mowa wochuluka m'kanthawi kochepa, chiwindi chathu sichingathe kuyeretsa mowa wochuluka choncho. Kenako mowa wochuluka umasonkhana m'magazi ndikupita ku ubongo, komwe umayamba kusokoneza ntchito ya ubongo. Izi zimatchedwa 'kuchepetsa nkhawa'. Pamene izi zikuchulukirachulukira, zizindikiro zoopsa za poizoni wa mowa zimawonekera.
Zotsatira zake pa thupi zimasiyana malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa mowa m'magazi (BAC).
| Mulingo wa mowa m'magazi (BAC) | Momwe thupi limamvera |
|---|---|
| 0.0% | Khalani osaledzera. |
| 0.02% | Kusintha kwa maganizo, kusasamala, komanso kuchepa pang'ono kwa luso lopanga zisankho. |
| 0.08% | Kuchepetsa mphamvu ya minofu, kuvutika kuzindikira zoopsa, kulephera kuganiza mwanzeru (malinga ndi lamulo la Sri Lanka, zimakupangitsani kupitirira malire). |
| 0.15% | Kusintha kwakukulu kwa maganizo, nseru ndi kusanza, kutayika kwa mtendere. |
| 0.15% - 0.30% | Kusokonezeka kwakukulu, kusanza, kugona. |
| 0.30% - 0.40% | Kuopsa kwakukulu. Kumwa mowa mopitirira muyeso, kutaya chidziwitso chonse. |
| Pamwamba pa 0.40% | Kuchuluka kwa imfa. Chiwopsezo chachikulu cha chikomokere, imfa chifukwa cha kulephera kupuma. |
Ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zimawonjezera chiopsezo cha poizoni wa mowa?
Ngakhale kuti aliyense akhoza kuyamba kumwa mowa mopitirira muyeso, pali zinthu zina zomwe zimawonjezera chiopsezocho.
- Kumwa mowa wambiri: Chiwopsezo chachikulu ndikumwa mowa wambiri m'kanthawi kochepa. Mwachitsanzo, kumwa mowa woposa mayunitsi 5 kwa mwamuna kapena mowa woposa mayunitsi 4 kwa mkazi mkati mwa maola awiri.
- Kumwa mowa ndi mankhwala ena: Ndikoopsa kwambiri kumwa mowa ndi zinthu monga mapiritsi ogonetsa, mankhwala ochepetsa ululu, ndi mankhwala ena ochepetsa ululu (opioids). Mankhwalawa, monga mowa, amafooketsa ntchito ya ubongo, kotero mukawamwa pamodzi, zotsatira zake zimawirikiza kawiri kapena katatu.
- Kumwa mowa m'mimba yopanda kanthu: Mowa umalowa m'thupi mwachangu kwambiri ngati palibe chakudya m'mimba. Ngati pali chakudya m'mimba, kuchuluka kwa mowa komwe umalowa m'magazi kumachepa. Chifukwa chake, kumwa mowa m'mimba yopanda kanthu kumawonjezera chiopsezo.
- Zaka: Achinyamata, makamaka achinyamata, nthawi zambiri amamwa mowa wambiri, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha poizoni wa mowa.
- Jenda: Malinga ndi ziwerengero, chiwerengero chachikulu cha anthu omwe amafa chifukwa cha poizoni wa mowa ndi amuna.
Kodi vutoli limapezedwa bwanji kuchipatala?
Akabweretsedwa kuchipatala, madokotala amazindikira vutoli makamaka potengera zizindikiro ndi zambiri zokhudza zomwe zachitika. Kuphatikiza apo, amachita mayeso angapo kuti awone momwe thupi lilili mkati.
- Kuyezetsa kuchuluka kwa mowa m'magazi (BAC).
- Kuyezetsa magazi kuti muwone kuchuluka kwa mchere ndi shuga m'thupi.
- Mayeso a ntchito ya chiwindi.
- Kuyesa kwa EKG kuti muwone momwe mtima ukugwira ntchito.
Zinthu zosiyanasiyana zimachitika ngati chithandizo kutengera momwe wodwalayo alili.
- Mankhwala amchere m'mitsempha (madzi a m'mitsempha): Mankhwala amchere amaperekedwa kuti aletse kusowa madzi m'thupi komanso kuti abwezeretse shuga m'magazi ngati ali ochepa.
- Kupereka mpweya:Ngati kupuma kuli kovuta, mpweya umaperekedwa kudzera mu chubu chomwe chimayikidwa m'mphuno. Ngati kupuma kuli kovuta kwambiri, kungakhale kofunikira kuyika chubu mu chubu cha mphepo (intubation) ndikupuma pogwiritsa ntchito makina.
- Kupopa m'mimba: M'mimba mumatsukidwa poika chubu kuti muchotse poizoni yemwe sanalowe m'thupi.
- Kusefa magazi: Ngati impso zawonongeka ndipo sizingathe kuchotsa poizoni m'magazi, magaziwo amayeretsedwa powalumikiza ku makina oyeretsera magazi.
Musayese kuchiza vutoli kunyumba. "Mankhwala ochizira kunyumba" monga kupereka khofi kapena kusamba ndi madzi ozizira sangathandize. Angapangitse kuti vutoli liipireipire. Chinthu chokhacho choyenera kuchita ndikutenga munthuyo kupita naye kuchipatala nthawi yomweyo.
Ndi mavuto ena ati omwe angachitike chifukwa cha poizoni wa mowa?
Ngati sichilandira chithandizo mwachangu, poizoni wa mowa angayambitse mavuto aakulu komanso a nthawi yayitali.
- Kuiwala zomwe zinachitika (Kulephera kuzindikira kapena kulephera kukumbukira).
- Kutsika koopsa kwa shuga m'magazi (hypoglycemia), komwe kungayambitse khunyu.
- Kuwonongeka kwa chiwindi ndi kulephera kwa chiwindi.
- Kugunda kwa mtima kosakhazikika.
- Kusowa madzi m'thupi chifukwa cha kusanza kwambiri komanso khunyu.
- Kuwonongeka kwa ubongo kosatha.
- Chikomokere kapena imfa.
Kodi mungapewe bwanji vuto loopsali?
Njira yabwino yopewera vutoli ndi kumwa mowa mosamala komanso mopanda malire.
- Ngati mumamwa mowa, dziwani malire anu: Musamwe mowa woposa galoni limodzi pa ola limodzi. Imwani pang'onopang'ono.
- Pewani mpikisano womwa mowa: Zochitika zotere zingayambitse chiyeso chomwa mowa mopitirira muyeso pakapita nthawi yochepa.
- Imwani madzi: Imwani madzi ambiri mukamwa mowa. Izi zingathandize kupewa kutaya madzi m'thupi.
- Musasakanize mowa ndi mankhwala: Ngati mukumwa mankhwala aliwonse, onetsetsani kuti mwafunsa dokotala wanu musanamwe mowa.
- Musamwe mowa muli ndi njala: Idyani chakudya chabwino musanamwe mowa.
- Samalani ndi zomwe mumamwa: Pewani zakumwa zosakaniza (ma cocktails) zomwe simukuzidziwa bwino komanso zomwe simukudziwa zomwe zili mkati mwake.
Ngati kugwiritsa ntchito mowa kwakhala vuto...
Ngati inuyo kapena munthu amene mumamudziwa akuona kuti inuyo kapena munthu amene mumamudziwa ali ndi vuto la kumwa mowa, musazengereze kupempha thandizo. Si chizindikiro cha kufooka. Mutha kulankhula ndi dokotala wanu wodalirika za izi. Iye angakupatseni malangizo oyenera ndipo, ngati pakufunika, angakutumizireni kwa katswiri.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Kumwa mowa mopitirira muyeso ndi vuto lachipatala lomwe lingayambitse imfa lomwe limapitirira "kumwa mowa wambiri."
- Dziwani zizindikiro monga chisokonezo, kupuma pang'onopang'ono, kutaya chidziwitso, ndi khungu lozizira komanso lofiirira.
- Ngati muwona chimodzi mwa zizindikirozi, musangodikira ndikuyembekeza kuti "zidzakhala bwino pakapita kanthawi", koma nthawi yomweyo tengani munthuyo ku chipatala cha Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU).
- Mpaka thandizo lachipatala litafika, kutembenuzira wodwalayo kumbuyo kungalepheretse imfa kuti asatsamwe.
- Musayese kuchiza kunyumba pazifukwa zilizonse.
- Kupewa mowa ndikwabwino. Ngati mumamwa mowa, nthawi zonse dziwani malire anu ndipo chitani zinthu mosamala.
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