"Amayi/abambo athu akukalamba pang'ono tsopano, ndipo sakuiwala monga kale..." Nkhaniyi ingakhale yodziwika bwino kwa inu. Nthawi zina, kuiwala zinthu zazing'ono monga komwe kuli makiyi kapena dzina la munthu wina ndi gawo lachibadwa la ukalamba. Koma ngati kuiwala kumeneku kumawonjezeka pang'onopang'ono n'kufika poti sitingathe kuchita ntchito zathu za tsiku ndi tsiku, tiyenera kuda nkhawa pang'ono nako. Chifukwa, kungakhale chizindikiro cha matenda otchedwa dementia. Chifukwa chake lero, tiyeni tikambirane za matenda awiriwa otchedwa dementia ndi Alzheimer's.
Choyamba, kodi matenda a dementia ndi chiyani?
Mwachidule, matenda a dementia si matenda enieni. Ndi mawu ofunikira omwe amatanthauza matenda osiyanasiyana omwe amakhudza momwe ubongo wathu umagwirira ntchito, makamaka omwe amasokoneza kukumbukira, kuganiza, kulingalira, komanso kupanga zisankho.
Kuti munthu apezeke ndi matenda a dementia, ayenera kukhala ndi vuto losaiwalika. Kawirikawiri, ayenera kukhala ndi vuto lalikulu pa luso lake locheperapo ziwiri mwa izi:
- Kukumbukira: Kuiwala zochitika ndi zokambirana zaposachedwa.
- Kulankhulana ndi kulankhula: Kuvutika kupeza mawu, kuiwala zomwe umafuna kunena pamene ukulankhula.
- Kusamala ndi kuganizira mozama: Kuvuta kukhala ndi chidwi pa chinthu chimodzi.
- Kuganiza ndi kuweruza: Kuvuta kupanga zisankho, kulephera kukonzekera.
- Kuona zinthu m'maganizo: Nthawi zina kuona zinthu zomwe palibe (kuona zinthu m'maganizo), kulephera kusiyanitsa mitundu.
Popeza zizindikirozi zimafanana kwambiri, zimakhala zovuta kudziwa mtundu weniweni wa matenda amisala omwe wokondedwa wanu ali nawo. Choncho mukapita kukaonana ndi dokotala wanu, ndikofunikira kudziwa bwino zizindikiro zanu zonse, mankhwala, kumwa mowa, ndi matenda aliwonse omwe mudadwalapo kale.
Ndiye kodi matenda a Alzheimer ndi chiyani?
Matenda a Alzheimer's ndi matenda ofala kwambiri omwe amafotokozedwa kale m'mawu akuti dementia. Pakati pa 60% ndi 80% ya anthu omwe ali ndi dementia ali ndi matenda a Alzheimer's. Ndi matenda omwe amakula pang'onopang'ono pakapita nthawi. Nthawi zambiri amakhudza anthu azaka zopitilira 65. Pakadali pano palibe mankhwala a matendawa. Komabe, pali mankhwala omwe angathandize kuchepetsa zizindikiro ndikusunga moyo wabwino.
Mu matenda a Alzheimer's, mapuloteni osazolowereka otchedwa 'plaques' amapangika pakati pa maselo amitsempha muubongo wathu, ndipo 'kulumikizana' kumapangika mkati mwa maselo amitsempha.Kusonkhanitsa zinthu monga ulusi kumatchedwa. Monga momwe zimakhalira pamene pali kuchuluka kwa magalimoto pamsewu, magalimoto amasiya, chifukwa cha izi, kuyenda kwa mauthenga pakati pa maselo amitsempha kumasiya, ndipo pamapeto pake maselo amitsempha amawonongeka.
Ndi chikhalidwe cha matendawa, ngakhale kuti poyamba kuiwala zinthu kungakhale kochepa, zizindikiro zake zimakula pang'onopang'ono pakapita nthawi.
Zizindikiro zodziwika bwino za matenda a Alzheimer's:
- Kuiwala mayina a anthu, zochitika, ndi zokambirana zawo.
- Kuvuta kuyika maganizo pa chinthu.
- Kusintha kwa umunthu: kutaya chidwi ndi zinthu zomwe munkakonda, kukayikira ena, kukhala wankhanza.
- Kusintha kwa maganizo ndi kuvutika maganizo.
- Kulephera kuweruza ndi kupanga zisankho.
- Chisokonezo.
Pakapita nthawi, zimakhala zovuta kukambirana bwino kapena kuchita ntchito za tsiku ndi tsiku. Ngakhale dokotala sanganene motsimikiza 100% kuti ndi matenda a Alzheimer's, mayeso owunikira ubongo monga MRI scans ndi mayeso omwe amayesa zinthu monga kukumbukira, chidwi, ndi chilankhulo angapereke chidziwitso cholondola.
Mitundu ina ikuluikulu ya matenda a dementia
Kupatula matenda a Alzheimer's, palinso matenda ena angapo omwe ali m'gulu la matenda a dementia. Ndikofunikiranso kudziwa izi.
| Mtundu wa matenda amisala | Zinthu zazikulu ndi mfundo zofunika |
|---|---|
| Matenda a Mitsempha ya Mtima | Uwu ndi mtundu wachiwiri wofala kwambiri. Umayamba chifukwa cha kutsekeka kapena kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha yamagazi yomwe imapereka magazi ku ubongo. Ndi wofanana ndi zomwe zimachitika pamene chitoliro chamadzi chatsekedwa mumtengo. Kutaya kukumbukira si chizindikiro choyamba, monga momwe zimakhalira ndi matenda a Alzheimer's. M'malo mwake, mavuto okonzekera komanso kupanga zisankho zolakwika akhoza kukhala zizindikiro zoyamba. |
| Matenda a dementia okhala ndi matupi a Lewy | Matendawa amayamba chifukwa cha ma protein osagwirizana ndi ena otchedwa Lewy bodies omwe amapangika m'maselo a mitsempha ya ubongo. Angayambitse kuona zinthu molakwika, mavuto ogona, komanso kuyenda movutikira, kosagwirizana ndi komwe kumachitika mu matenda a Parkinson.Choyamba chimaonekera. Kulephera kukumbukira kumachitika pamene matendawa akupitirira. |
| Matenda a Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD) | Izi zimawononga maselo amitsempha kutsogolo ndi m'mbali mwa ubongo. Chifukwa chake, zimakhudza kwambiri umunthu ndi khalidwe. Munthu akhoza kukhala wankhanza mwadzidzidzi, kuiwala momwe angakhalire m'gulu. Mavuto a chilankhulo amapezekanso. Nthawi zambiri amayamba ali wamng'ono kuposa matenda a Alzheimer's (pafupifupi zaka 60). |
| Mitundu ina yosowa | Palinso mitundu yosowa kwambiri ya matenda a dementia, monga matenda a Creutzfeldt-Jakob (CJD) ndi matenda a Huntington , omwe amatha kukulirakulira mwachangu kwambiri. |
Kodi mankhwala ali bwanji?
Palibe mankhwala a matenda a Alzheimer's kapena mitundu yambiri ya matenda a dementia. Madokotala amayang'ana kwambiri pa kuthana ndi zizindikiro, kuchepetsa kupitirira kwa matendawa, ndikupatsa wodwalayo moyo wabwino kwa nthawi yayitali momwe angathere.
Pali njira zingapo zochizira:
- Mankhwala oletsa kuiwala: Pali mankhwala omwe angathandize kuchepetsa kuiwala kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a Alzheimer's ndi mitundu ina ya dementia.
- Mankhwala ochiza kusintha kwa khalidwe ndi maganizo: Mankhwala operekedwa kuti athetse zinthu monga kuvutika maganizo, chiwawa, ndi kusakhazikika.
- Mankhwala a mavuto ogona: Amathandiza kuthetsa kusasangalala komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kusintha kwa kagonedwe.
- Kuchiza zifukwa zina: Nthawi zina, zizindikiro za matenda a dementia zimatha kuchitika chifukwa cha matenda omwe angathe kuchiritsidwa, monga kusowa kwa vitamini B12 kapena madzi ambiri muubongo (hydrocephalus). Pazochitikazi, kuchiza chomwe chimayambitsa matendawa kungachepetse kapena kuthetsa zizindikirozo. Ichi ndichifukwa chake ndikofunikira kwambiri kupeza matenda olondola msanga.
Zinthu zofunika kukumbukira mukakhala ndi munthu amene ali ndi matenda a dementia
Ngati wina m'banja mwanu ali ndi vutoli, kulankhulana naye kungakhale kovuta pang'ono, koma ndikofunikira kukhala oleza mtima komanso omvetsetsa.
- Musalankhule za iwo pamaso pawo: Pewani kulankhula za matenda awo pamaso pawo, poganiza kuti sadzamvetsa. Aphatikizeni mu zokambiranazo.
- Musafunse kuti, "Kodi mukukumbukira...?":Funso limenelo likhoza kuwapangitsa kukhala osasangalala. Ngati sakukumbukira kanthu, ndi bwino kusintha nkhaniyo kusiyana ndi kuyesa kuwakumbutsa.
- Musamakangane: Ngakhale zomwe akunenazo zitakhala zolakwika, musawasokoneze kwambiri powakangana. Lankhulani modekha komanso mofatsa.
- Musawasokoneze: Mvetserani moleza mtima akamalankhula, ngakhale zitatenga nthawi kuti mupeze mawu.
Vutoli likhoza kutopa kwambiri m'maganizo ndi m'thupi kwa wodwalayo, komanso kuti inuyo muzimusamalira. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuganizira za thanzi lanu. Ngati kuli kofunikira, pitani kwa dokotala kuti akupatseni upangiri.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Matenda a dementia ndi mawu ofala kwambiri okhudza matenda angapo omwe amakhudza ntchito ya ubongo. Matenda a Alzheimer ndi omwe amapezeka kwambiri.
- Ndi zachilendo kuiwala zinthu zazing'ono pamene mukukula. Koma ngati kukumbukira kwanu, kuganiza kwanu, ndi khalidwe lanu zikusintha mpaka kufika poti simungathe kuchita zinthu zina pa moyo wanu watsiku ndi tsiku, musanyalanyaze zimenezo.
- Popeza zizindikirozi zimafanana, ndikofunikira kupeza matenda olondola. Kuti muchite izi, funsani upangiri kwa dokotala wodziwa bwino ntchito yake.
- Ngakhale kuti palibe mankhwala athunthu a mitundu yambiri ya matenda a dementia, pali mankhwala omwe angathe kuwongolera zizindikiro ndikusunga moyo wabwino.
- Kuzindikira matendawa msanga kungakuthandizeni kupeza chithandizo ndikukonzekera tsogolo lanu. Choncho musachite mantha, ndipo ngati muli ndi kukayikira kulikonse, lankhulani ndi dokotala.
💬 Comments (0)
Palibe ndemanga zomwe zatumizidwa pano. Onjezani ndemanga yanu pano koyamba.
Onjezani ndemanga yanu