Zomwe Muyenera Kudziwa Zokhudza Khansa ya Ampullary

Kodi mwazindikira posachedwapa kuti maso ndi khungu lanu likusintha pang'ono? Kapena, kodi mwataya thupi mwadzidzidzi popanda chifukwa chomveka? Ngakhale izi ndi zinthu zomwe nthawi zina timaganiza kuti sitikusamala kwambiri, izi zitha kukhala zizindikiro zoyamba za matenda osowa koma oopsa otchedwa Ampullary Cancer. Musachite mantha mukamva dzinali. Chofunika kwambiri ndikudziwa bwino za matenda aliwonse. Chifukwa chake, lero tikambirana za khansa ya Ampullary Cancer, momwe imakulira, zizindikiro zake, ndi njira zochiritsira m'njira yosavuta yomwe mungamvetse.

Kodi Khansa ya Ampullary ndi chiyani?

Kuti timvetse izi, choyamba tiyenera kudziwa za gawo laling'ono la thupi lathu. Tili ndi ziwalo ziwiri m'thupi lathu zotchedwa kapamba ndi chiwindi. Zonsezi zimatulutsa madzi apadera omwe amatithandiza kugaya chakudya chathu. Tangoganizani kuti madzi awiriwa asonkhana pamodzi n’kufika pamalo amodzi, ngati malo olumikizirana misewu iwiri. Kenako kuchokera pamenepo, madzi onsewa asonkhana pamodzi n’kupita m’matumbo athu ang’onoang’ono (duodenum).

Mu zamankhwala, timatcha kabowo kakang'ono komwe madzi amenewo amasonkhanitsa ampulla ya Vater .

Choncho, maselo a khansa akayamba kukula m'dera lomweli lotchedwa ampulla ya Vater , timatcha ampullary carcinoma . Iyi ndi khansa yoopsa kwambiri. Komanso, chifukwa dera lomwe imakulira lili pafupi kwambiri ndi ziwalo zofunika kwambiri monga chiwindi ndi kapamba, khansayo ili ndi mwayi waukulu wofalikira ku ziwalozo. Chifukwa chake, njira yabwino kwambiri yopezera zotsatira zabwino ndikuchotsa khansa iyi kudzera mu opaleshoni isanafalikire.

Kodi matendawa ndi ofala bwanji?

Iyi ndi khansa yosowa kwambiri. Yochepera 1% ya khansa zonse zomwe zili m'thupi lathu (m'mimba) zimanenedwa kuti ndi khansa ya m'mimba. Chifukwa chake, iyi si matenda omwe amakhudza aliyense.

Kodi zizindikiro zake ndi ziti? Kodi tingazizindikire bwanji izi?

Chinthu chapadera kwambiri pa khansa iyi ndichakuti imasonyeza zizindikiro kumayambiriro. Pakati pawo, chizindikiro chachikulu komanso chofala kwambiri ndi jaundice . Izi zikutanthauza kuti zoyera za maso ndi khungu zimakhala zachikasu.

Kuwonjezera pa chizindikiro chachikulu ichi, palinso zizindikiro zina zingapo zomwe zingawonekere. Tiyeni tiziyang'ane m'njira yosavuta kumva.

N’chifukwa chiyani khansa yamtunduwu imayamba?

Ndipotu, akatswiri sakudziwabe chifukwa chake khansa ya m'mimba imayamba. Koma tikudziwa kuti khansa zonse zimakula pakakhala kusintha (kusintha) kwa DNA komwe kumayang'anira chidziwitso cha majini m'maselo a thupi lathu. Mwanjira imeneyi, maselo osazolowereka okhala ndi kusintha kwa DNA amayamba kugawikana mwachangu komanso mosalamulirika. Chotupa cha khansa chimapangidwa pamene maselo ambiri amakula pamodzi popanda kulamulira.

Akatswiri akufufuzabe za kusintha kwa DNA komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha khansa iyi. Kutengera ndi zomwe zanenedwa, njira zochiritsira zabwino zitha kupezeka mtsogolo.

Zinthu Zoopsa

Pali zinthu zingapo zomwe zimawonjezera chiopsezo chotenga khansa iyi:

• Zaka zoposa 70: Chiwopsezochi chimawonjezeka ndi ukalamba.
• Kukhala mwamuna: Khansa iyi imapezeka kwambiri mwa amuna kuposa akazi.
• Matenda ena a majini: Matenda ena a majini amatha kuwonjezera chiopsezo cha khansa. Mwachitsanzo, matenda monga Familyal Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP) ndi Lynch syndrome.

Kodi dokotala amazindikira bwanji matendawa molondola? (Kuzindikira)

Kawirikawiri, munthu akapita kwa dokotala yemwe ali ndi maso achikasu ndi khungu (jaundice), amakayikira ndipo mayeso amayamba. Mayeso angapo amachitidwa kuti atsimikizire matendawa.

• Kuyezetsa magazi ndi mkodzo: Izi zimayesa kuchuluka kwa mankhwala m'thupi omwe amagwirizana ndi maselo a khansa, otchedwa zizindikiro za chotupa.
• Mayeso Ojambula: Izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kujambula ziwalo zomwe zili mkati mwa thupi kuti zione ngati zili ndi khansa. Mayeso monga `CT scan`, `Ultrasound scan` ndi `MRCP` amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa izi.
• Mayeso a Endoscopic: Izi zimaphatikizapo kuyika chubu chachitali, choonda (endoscope) chokhala ndi kamera yolumikizidwa kudzera pakamwa panu kuti muwone khansa. Endoscopy yapamwamba ndi ERCP (Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography) ndi mayeso awiri otere. Mudzapatsidwa mankhwala oletsa ululu panthawi ya mayesowa, kotero simudzamva kupweteka kulikonse.
• Kufufuza za thupi:Iyi ndi njira yokhayo yoyesera yomwe ingatsimikizire 100% ngati ndi khansa. Pa nthawi ya endoscopy, chidutswa chaching'ono kwambiri cha minofu chimatengedwa kuchokera pamalo okayikitsa ndikuyesedwa mu labotale kuti atsimikizire ngati pali maselo a khansa.

Kodi khansa imafalikira bwanji?

Matendawa akapezeka, dokotala adzadziwa momwe khansa yafalikira. Izi zimatchedwa staging. Chithandizo chimatsimikiziridwa potengera gawoli. Khansa yomwe yapezeka pachiyambi imakhala yotheka kuchiritsidwa.

Ndikofunikira kwambiri kumvetsetsa bwino gawo la khansa yanu ndi momwe ingakhudzire chithandizo chanu pofunsa dokotala wanu.

Kodi mankhwala ake ndi otani?

Pali njira zingapo zochiritsira khansa ya m'mapapo.

• Njira Yogwiritsira Ntchito Whipple:Iyi ndi opaleshoni yodziwika bwino komanso yodziwika bwino kwambiri ya khansa yamtunduwu. Ndi opaleshoni yovuta komanso yofunika kwambiri. Pa opaleshoni imeneyi, sikuti khansa yokha imachotsedwa, komanso madera ozungulira kumene maselo a khansa angakhale atafalikira (ndulu, gawo la ndulu, gawo la matumbo ang'onoang'ono, ndi mutu wa kapamba).
• Opaleshoni ya Endoscopic: Ngati khansa ili pachiyambi kwambiri, nthawi zina n'zotheka kuchotsa khansa pogwiritsa ntchito endoscope.
• Chemotherapy: Izi zimaphatikizapo kupatsa thupi mankhwala amphamvu omwe amapha maselo a khansa. Mankhwalawa amaperekedwa kuti aphe maselo onse a khansa otsala pambuyo pa opaleshoni kapena kuti athetse kukula kwa khansa pamene opaleshoni siingatheke.
• Chithandizo cha Radiation: Apa ndi pomwe mphamvu yamphamvu imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwononga maselo a khansa. Nthawi zina chithandizochi chimaperekedwa pamodzi ndi chemotherapy kuti chichepetse chotupacho musanachite opaleshoni kapena kuwononga maselo otsala pambuyo pa opaleshoni.
• Chisamaliro Chochepetsa Kupweteka: Ichi ndi chithandizo chomwe chimayang'ana kwambiri pakuchepetsa zizindikiro m'malo mochiza matendawa. Mwachitsanzo, stent ikhoza kuyikidwa mu duct yotsekedwa ya ndulu kuti itsegule. Izi zingathandize kuchepetsa zizindikiro monga jaundice ndi kuyabwa, zomwe zingapereke mpumulo waukulu.

Kodi khansa iyi ingachiritsidwe kwathunthu?

Njira yokhayo yochiritsira khansa yonseyi ndikuchotsa khansa yonse kudzera mu opaleshoni. Izi zitha kukhala zopambana khansa ikapezeka ikangoyamba kumene.

Nthawi zina khansa imatha kwathunthu mutachitidwa opaleshoni. Komabe, imatha kubwereranso pakapita nthawi (khansa yobwerezabwereza). Chifukwa chake, ngakhale mutachitidwa opaleshoni, ndikofunikira kwambiri kupitiliza kupita kwa dokotala kuti akayesedwe komanso ku zipatala monga momwe akulangizidwira. Chiwopsezo cha khansa kubwereranso chimakhala chachikulu kwambiri mkati mwa zaka zisanu zoyambirira.

Kodi pali njira yopewera izi?

Mwatsoka, zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa khansa (zaka, majini) sizingathe kuzilamulira. Chifukwa chake, palibe njira yeniyeni yopewera khansa. Komabe, ngati muli ndi matenda a majini monga FAP kapena Lynch syndrome, dokotala wanu angakulangizeni kuti muyezedwe nthawi zonse. Izi zingathandize kuzindikira khansa pachiyambi.

Ndizachibadwa kumva kutopa kwambiri komanso kudabwa mukadziwa za khansa. Kambiranani momasuka ndi dokotala wanu ndi abale anu za mafunso anu, mantha anu, ndi kukayikira kwanu. Kupeza chidziwitso choyenera, chithandizo choyenera, ndi chithandizo chamaganizo kudzakhala mphamvu yayikulu paulendowu.