Ngati inu kapena wina m'banja mwanu ali ndi "kugwedezeka" kapena mutu waching'alang'ala, mungakhale ndi mafunso osiyanasiyana komanso mwina mantha pang'ono okhudza mankhwala operekedwa chifukwa cha izi. Kodi mankhwalawa ndi amtundu wanji? Kodi awa ndi abwino kwa thupi? Kodi muyenera kumwa nthawi yayitali bwanji? Mwina mukudabwa zinthu ngati izi. Lero, tiyeni tikambirane za mankhwala operekedwa chifukwa cha kugwedezeka uku, kapena m'mawu azachipatala, `Mankhwala Oletsa Kugwidwa ndi Khungu`, m'njira yosavuta kwambiri, m'chinenero chomwe mungamvetse.
Choyamba, tiyeni tiwone, kodi "kugwidwa" ndi chiyani?
Mwachidule, maselo athu a muubongo, otchedwa ma neuron, amalankhulana kudzera mu zizindikiro zamagetsi zosaoneka bwino. Khunyu ndi kuwonjezeka kwadzidzidzi komanso kosalamulirika kwa ntchito zamagetsi mu gawo la ubongo. Zili ngati kufupika kwa magetsi mu dongosolo lamagetsi. Izi zingayambitse gawo la ubongo kugwira ntchito mopitirira muyeso, zomwe zimayambitsa zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana.
- Nthawi zina pamakhala kugwedezeka ndi kugwedezeka kwa miyendo (kugwedezeka).
- Nthawi zina ndimataya chidziwitso.
- Nthawi ina mukuyang'ana (kuyang'ana matsenga).
- Mungamvenso zinthu zachilendo.
Anthu ambiri amaganiza kuti ukanena kuti "muli bwino," uyenera kukhala ndi khunyu. Koma sizili choncho. Khunyu imatha kuchitika popanda khunyu. Ichi ndichifukwa chake mankhwala awa tsopano amatchedwa "Mankhwala Oletsa Khunyu" m'malo mwa dzina lakale, "Mankhwala Oletsa Khunyu."
Kodi mankhwala awa ndi ati?
Pali mitundu yambiri ya mankhwala a matenda a chimfine. Dokotala wanu adzakusankhirani mankhwala oyenera kutengera mtundu wa matenda omwe mukukumana nawo, zaka zanu, komanso ngati muli ndi matenda ena. Mankhwalawa akhoza kugawidwa m'magulu awiri akuluakulu.
| Gulu la mankhwala | Kufotokozera ndi zitsanzo |
|---|---|
| Mawonekedwe otakata | Izi zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kukwanira thupi. Madokotala nthawi zambiri amalangiza izi poyamba ngati mtundu wa kukwanira thupi sudziwika bwino. Mwachitsanzo: Levetiracetam, Valproate, Lamotrigine, Topiramate. |
| Sipekitiramu yopapatiza | Izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pa mitundu ina ya matenda otupa (monga kugwidwa ndi khunyu). Mwachitsanzo: Carbamazepine, Gabapentin, Pregabalin, Ethosuximide. |
Kodi mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kokha pa thanzi labwino?
Ayi. Ichi ndi chinthu chomwe anthu ambiri sachidziwa. Mankhwala oletsa khunyu amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda ena ambiri kuwonjezera pa kuchepetsa khunyu. Ndi othandizanso pa matenda ena chifukwa amatha kutonthoza mitsempha ya ubongo.
- Kupewa mutu waching'alang'ala
- Kwa ululu wa neuropathic
- Matenda amisala monga matenda a bipolar
- Fibromyalgia (ululu m'thupi lonse)
- Matenda a nkhawa
- Matenda a Miyendo Yosakhazikika (kusasangalala m'miyendo)
Chofunika kwambiri ndichakuti, musagwiritse ntchito mankhwala omwe mwapatsidwa kwa wina. Dokotala wanu yekha ndiye ayenera kudziwa mankhwala oyenera komanso mlingo woyenera wa matenda anu.
Kodi mankhwalawa amagwira ntchito bwanji m'thupi?
Taganizirani za kugwedezeka ngati mphepo yamkuntho muubongo. Chomwe mankhwalawa amachita ndikuchepetsa mphepo yamkunthoyo. Pali njira zingapo zochitira zimenezo.
1. Kulamulira njira za ayoni: Zizindikiro zamagetsi mu ma neuron athu zimapangidwa ndi kuyenda kwa ayoni monga sodium ndi calcium. Mankhwalawa amagwira ntchito pochepetsa pang'ono ntchito ya njira zomwe ma ayoniwo amadutsamo. Izi zimaletsa ma neuron kuti asakhudzidwe kwambiri.
2. Kuchulukitsa mankhwala otonthoza (`neurotransmitters`): Ubongo wathu mwachibadwa uli ndi mankhwala omwe amatonthoza ma neuron ena. Amatchedwa `GABA`. Mankhwala ena a `antiseizure` amagwira ntchito powonjezera zotsatira za `GABA` iyi. Kenako ubongo umakhazikika.
Mwachidule, mankhwala awa amawongolera mphamvu zamagetsi zambiri muubongo ndikubwezeretsa ubongo kukhala wabwinobwino.
Zoopsa zazikulu ndi zinthu zomwe tiyenera kudziwa
Monga mankhwala ena onse, mankhwalawa akhoza kukhala ndi zotsatirapo zazing'ono komanso zoopsa zinazake zoopsa. Palibe chifukwa chodera nkhawa, koma ndikofunikira kudziwa izi.
Zotsatira zoyipa zofala
Izi nthawi zambiri zimachitika msanga mankhwalawo akayamba ndipo zimazimiririka thupi likayamba kuzolowera mankhwalawo.
- Mutu (kupweteka mutu)
- Kugona, kutopa
- Chizungulire
- Maso osawoneka bwino
- Kusanza
- Kulemera kapena kuchepa thupi
Ngati izi zikupitirira kapena zikukuvutitsani, lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu popanda kusiya kumwa mankhwala .
Kuopsa kwa poizoni ndi zadzidzidzi
Kumwa mankhwala ochulukirapo kuposa omwe dokotala wakupatsani (mwangozi kapena mwadala) kungayambitse poizoni wa mankhwala. Imeneyi ndi vuto lomwe limafuna chithandizo chadzidzidzi.
| Zadzidzidzi! Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro izi, pitani kuchipatala nthawi yomweyo. | |
|---|---|
| Makhalidwe |
|
| Zoyenera kuchita | Pitani nthawi yomweyo ku Dipatimenti Yoona za Zadzidzidzi (ETU) yapafupi. Ngati kuli kofunikira, mutha kuyimbira National Poisons Information Centre ku Colombo National Hospital kuti mudziwe zambiri. |
Zoopsa zina zachilendo koma zazikulu
Izi sizimaoneka kawirikawiri.
- Matenda a Stevens-Johnson: Matenda omwe amayambitsa matuza ndi kutsekeka kwambiri kwa khungu ndi nembanemba ya mucous (mkati mwa pakamwa ndi mphuno).
- Kuwonongeka kwa chiwindi (Kulephera kwa chiwindi)
- Kukhudza kupanga maselo a m'magazi (Aplastic Anemia, Agranulocytosis)
Matenda oopsa ngati amenewa ndi osowa kwambiri, ndichifukwa chake dokotala wanu nthawi zonse amafufuza magazi anu ndikukuyang'anirani ngati muli ndi vutoli.
Kodi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa panthawi ya mimba n'kotetezeka?
Funso ili ndi lofunika kwambiri kwa anthu ambiri. Ndikoopsa kwambiri kusiya kumwa mankhwala a khunyu mwadzidzidzi panthawi ya mimba. Kuchita zimenezi kungayambitse khunyu kubwerera, zomwe zingakhale zoopsa kwa mayi ndi mwana wosabadwayo.
Chifukwa chake, madokotala nthawi zambiri amalangiza kuti mupitirize kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa panthawi ya mimba. Komabe, ngati mukuyembekezera mwana, muyenera kuuza dokotala wanu musanayambe kutenga pakati .
Dokotalayo angakusankhireni mankhwala otetezeka komanso mlingo wabwino womwe ungachepetse chiopsezo kwa mwana wanu. Mankhwala ena (monga `Valproic acid`) akhoza kukhala oopsa kwambiri kwa mwana wanu kuposa ena. Choncho ndi bwino kukonzekera pasadakhale.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Mankhwala oletsa khunyu amangoletsa kuyambika kwa khunyu, osati kuchiza khunyu kwathunthu.
- Zingatenge nthawi kuti mupeze mankhwala oyenera komanso mlingo woyenera kwa inu. Khalani oleza mtima.
- Musasiye kumwa mankhwala anu pazifukwa zilizonse popanda upangiri wa dokotala. Kuchita zimenezi kungayambitsenso kudwala kwambiri.
- Uzani dokotala wanu za zotsatirapo zilizonse zomwe mumakumana nazo, mankhwala ena aliwonse omwe mukumwa, komanso ngati mukukonzekera kutenga pakati.
- Dziwani zizindikiro za kumwa mankhwala mopitirira muyeso. Ngati zili choncho, pitani kuchipatala mwamsanga ku Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU).
- Nthawi zina mankhwalawa angayambitse kuvutika maganizo komanso maganizo ofuna kudzipha (izi sizingakhale zoopsa kwenikweni). Ngati mukumva choncho, imbani dokotala wanu kapena nambala yothandizira zaumoyo wa dziko lonse 1926 nthawi yomweyo.
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