Kodi mukulamuliranso kudya kwanu? Kodi mukuganiza zochepetsa thupi? Izi zitha kukhala vuto la anorexia!

Kodi mwaonapo momwe anthu ena amaganizira kwambiri za kulemera kwawo ndi zomwe amadya? Mwina ndi lingaliro labwino kuyesa kuchepetsa thupi pang'ono. Koma chimachitika ndi chiyani mukayamba kuchepetsa thupi ndikuyamba kulamulira zakudya zanu? Lero tikambirana za nkhani yosiyana pang'ono, koma yofunika kwambiri. Imeneyo ndi vuto lotchedwa anorexia yosazolowereka, kapena `(Atypical Anorexia Nervosa)`.

Kodi Atypical Anorexia ndi chiyani?

Mwachidule, anorexia nervosa ndi vuto la kudya. Pankhaniyi, munthu amagwiritsa ntchito njira zoopsa komanso zosapatsa thanzi kuti achepetse thupi. Mwina munamvapo za Anorexia Nervosa. Matendawa, otchedwa anorexia nervosa, amathanso kukhala ndi zizindikiro zambiri zofanana ndi za Anorexia Nervosa. Mwachitsanzo:

• Kusokoneza chithunzi cha thupi: Izi zikutanthauza kuganiza kuti ndinu wonenepa kuposa momwe mulili. Ngakhale mutayang'ana pagalasi, mumadzionabe ngati wonenepa.
• Kuchepetsa thupi mwachangu komanso mozama: Kuchepetsa thupi kwambiri mwadzidzidzi.
• Kusintha kwa kadyedwe ndi kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi: Kudya pang'ono, kusadya zakudya zina, kapena kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi mopitirira muyeso.

Koma kusiyana kwakukulu apa ndikuti munthu amene ali ndi anorexia nervosa nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi body mass index yapamwamba pang'ono (`Body Mass Index - BMI`) pamene vutoli likuyamba. Izi zikutanthauza kuti sakhala woonda kwambiri poyamba. Chifukwa chake, ngakhale atataya thupi mwadzidzidzi, sizingawonekere kunja. Ichi ndichifukwa chake vutoli ndi lovuta kulizindikira, ndipo nthawi zina lingayambitse mavuto aakulu azaumoyo komanso amisala kuposa `(Anorexia Nervosa)`. Chifukwa sizikudziwika nthawi yomweyo kuti pali vuto.

Kodi vutoli ndi lofala bwanji?

Ndipotu, chiwerengero cha anthu omwe apezeka ndi matenda a anorexia nervosa chikukwera. Akuti pakati pa 25% ndi 40% ya anthu omwe ali m'malo ochiritsira matenda okhudzana ndi kudya ali ndi vutoli. Matendawa adafotokozedwa koyamba mu gulu la matenda amisala, ``DSM-V - Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders'', lotulutsidwa ndi American Psychiatric Association mu 2013.

Kodi zizindikiro za anorexia yosazolowereka ndi ziti?

Pali zizindikiro zingapo zomwe mungazindikire pankhaniyi. Onani ngati inu kapena mnzanu ali ndi izi:

• Kudya mopitirira muyeso: Izi zikutanthauza kudya chakudya chochuluka nthawi imodzi popanda kulamulira.
• Kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa chakudya chomwe mumadya, kulumpha chakudya.
• Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kuposa kale, kuposa momwe ndingathere.
• Kukumbukira chinthu chimodzi kapena china, kukwiya pafupipafupi, komanso kukhala ndi nkhawa.
• Kumva kutopa nthawi zonse.
• Kuvutika kulabadira chinthu china.
• Kusakhutira ndi momwe amaonekera.
• Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala otseketsa kuti muchepetse thupi.
• Kuganiza zodzivulaza.
• Kusanza (mutatha kudya).
• Chikhumbo champhamvu chofuna kukhala woonda mwanjira ina.
• Kuopa kunenepa nthawi zonse.

Si aliyense amene ali ndi chimodzi kapena ziwiri mwa zizindikirozi amene ali ndi vutoli. Koma ngati zingapo mwa izi zikupezeka motsatizana, ndi bwino kufunafuna upangiri wa dokotala.

Kodi n’chiyani chimayambitsa vutoli?

Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti kuphatikiza zinthu zingapo kungathandize kuti munthu adwale matenda a anorexia nervosa. Tiyeni tiwone zomwe zili:

• Majini: Ngati wina m'banja mwanu wakhala ndi vuto la kudya, ndiye kuti inunso mungakhale ndi vutoli.
• Zoopsa: Nthawi zina, mutakumana ndi zovuta m'moyo, mungamve ngati mukufunika kulamulira malingaliro anu, monga chisoni, mkwiyo, kapena mantha. Ngati mukumva ngati, 'Izi ndi zonse zomwe ndingathe kuzilamulira.'
• Zotsatira za chikhalidwe ndi chikhalidwe: Malamulo a chikhalidwe monga "kukhala woonda ndi wokongola" nthawi zina angatipangitse kukhala pamavuto ambiri. Zimene timaona pa TV ndi pa malo ochezera a pa Intaneti zingatipangitse kuganiza kuti, "Inenso ndikufuna kukhala chonchi."
• Kukakamizidwa ndi anzanu: Makamaka mukakhala aang'ono, zimakhala zovuta kumva anzanu ndi ena akamakusekani za thupi lanu. Kukakamizidwa kumeneku kungakupangitseni kuganiza kuti, "Ndikufunika kukhala woonda mwanjira ina."
• Thanzi la maganizo: Kukhala munthu wofuna kuchita zinthu mwangwiro komanso kukhala ndi maubwenzi osakhazikika kungayambitse kudziona ngati wopanda pake. Mu nthawi ngati izi, zizolowezi zosadya bwino zimakhala zovuta kwambiri.

Ndani ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu?

Ndipotu, aliyense akhoza kukhala ndi vuto la kudya monga anorexia nervosa, koma vutoli ndi lofala kwambiri kwa achinyamata ndi achinyamata, makamaka atsikana .

Kuphatikiza apo, mungakhale pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matendawa ngati muli ndi zinthu zotsatirazi:

• Ngati wina m'banja mwanu wakhala ndi vuto la kudya kapena matenda ena amisala.
• Ngati mwakumanapo ndi vuto la thupi, la maganizo kapena la kugonana.
• Ngati muli ndi matenda ena amisala monga Nkhawa, Kuvutika Maganizo, kapena Matenda Ovutika Maganizo (OCD).
• Ngati mumachita masewera omwe kulemera kapena mawonekedwe anu ndi ofunika kwambiri (monga masewera olimbitsa thupi, kumenyana, kusambira).
• Ngati pakhala kusintha kwakukulu pa moyo, monga kupita kusukulu yatsopano, ntchito yatsopano, kusudzulana, kapena kusamukira kudera lina.
• Ngati ndinu "wokonda kuchita zinthu mwangwiro" amene amagwira ntchito mwakhama ndipo amayesetsa kuchita chilichonse mwangwiro.

Kodi mavuto a vutoli ndi otani? Kodi ndi oopsa?

Inde, anorexia nervosa si nthabwala. Ingakhudze ziwalo zambiri za thupi lanu. Ganizirani zinthu monga:

• Kusalinganika kwa Electrolyte: Pamene kuchuluka kwa mchere wofunikira m'thupi lathu (monga calcium ndi potaziyamu) kutsika kwambiri, kupweteka kwa minofu ndi mavuto a mtima zimatha kuchitika.
• Impso: Mukataya thupi mwadzidzidzi, impso zanu sizingathe kuchita bwino ntchito yawo yosefa zinyalala.
• Mtima: Kudya pang'ono kungayambitse kugunda kwa mtima pang'onopang'ono (Bradycardia) komanso kuthamanga kwa magazi (Hypotension). Izi ndi zoopsa kwambiri.
• Ubongo: Thupi likapanda kulandira zakudya zoyenera, matenda monga khunyu amatha kuchitika.
• Mimba: Kusanza, kudzimbidwa, kudzimbidwa, ndi kusanza kungachitike.
• Dongosolo la Endocrine: Kuchepetsa thupi mwadzidzidzi komanso mwachangu kungakhudze mahomoni, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti milingo ya testosterone kapena estrogen itsike. Ngati milingo ya estrogen itsika, akazi angasiye kusamba.
• Magazi: Ngati simudya bwino, mungakhale ndi vuto la kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi ndipo nthawi zonse mumakhala otopa.
• Mafupa: Kuchepa kwa mafupa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti akhale ofooka komanso osavuta kuthyoka.
• Tsitsi: Tsitsi lanu likhoza kuyamba kuonda ndi kugwa. Mungathenso kukhala ndi tsitsi laling'ono m'thupi (`lanugo`).

Taonani momwe mavuto aakulu angayambire mukaganiza kuti, "N'chiyani chikuchitika ndi kuchepetsa thupi?"!

Kodi mungazindikire bwanji matenda a anorexia osazolowereka?

Madokotala amazindikira vutoli potengera zinthu zingapo:

• Kuchita mayeso a thupi.
• Kufunsa mosamala za zizindikiro zanu.
• Dziwani za zakudya zanu komanso masewera olimbitsa thupi.

Kuphatikiza apo, mayeso angapo angachitike kuti aone ngati zizindikirozi zayamba chifukwa cha matenda ena. Mwachitsanzo:

• Kuchuluka kwa Magazi Onse (CBC)
• Gulu la magazi la Electrolyte
• Kuyezetsa magazi a Albumin
• Tchati cha kugunda kwa mtima (`Electrocardiogram - EKG`)
• Kusanthula mkodzo
• Kuyesa kuchuluka kwa mafupa - onani Osteoporosis
• Mayeso a impso, chiwindi, ndi ntchito ya chithokomiro
• Mlingo wa Vitamini D
• Kuyezetsa mimba kwa akazi a msinkhu wobereka
• Mayeso a mahomoni

Mukachotsa matenda ena aliwonse omwe amayambitsa zizindikiro zanu, dokotala wanu angagwiritse ntchito Buku Lofufuza ndi Kuwerengera Matenda a Mitsempha (DSM-V) kuti adziwe ngati muli ndi vuto la kudya, monga anorexia nervosa.

Mfundo zazikulu zoganizira pozindikira vutoli ndi izi:

• Kudya pang'ono kwambiri kuposa momwe mumachitira nthawi zonse.
• Kuopa kunenepa kwambiri.
• Kulephera kuona thupi lanu momwe lilili. Mwachitsanzo, simungaone kukula kwenikweni kwa thupi lanu, kapena simungazindikire kuti ndinu woonda kuposa momwe mukuganizira. Mungaganize kuti mawonekedwe anu ndiye chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pa inu, ndipo munganyalanyaze kuopsa kodya pang'ono.

Kodi izi zimachiritsidwa bwanji?

Pochiza matenda a anorexia nervosa, ndi ntchito yogwirizana. Dokotala wanu, katswiri wa zakudya, komanso katswiri wa matenda okhudzana ndi matenda okhudzana ndi kudya amagwira ntchito limodzi kuti akuthandizeni inu ndi banja lanu kumvetsetsa ndikuwongolera njira yochira.

Kutengera thanzi lanu komanso momwe mukumvera mumtima mwanu, mungafunike kupita kuchipatala kuti mukalandire chithandizo. Izi zingaphatikizepo njira zingapo zochiritsira:

• Chithandizo cha maganizo: Izi zingakuthandizeni kusintha momwe mumaganizira za chakudya ndi kulemera kwanu. Zingakuthandizeninso kusintha momwe mumachitira zinthu pamavuto. Pali mankhwala omwe angachitike payekhapayekha, m'magulu, kapena ndi achibale. Mtundu wa chithandizo wotchedwa Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) ndi wothandiza kwambiri kwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la kudya. Zimakuthandizani kumvetsetsa ndikusintha malingaliro omwe amakhudza khalidwe lanu ndi momwe mumamvera.
• Mankhwala: Anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la kudya nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi matenda ena amisala (monga kuvutika maganizo ndi nkhawa), choncho madokotala angapereke mankhwala ochizira matendawo. Izi zingaphatikizepo mankhwala ochepetsa nkhawa kapena anxiolytics.
• Uphungu wa zakudya: Katswiri wovomerezeka wa zakudya kapena katswiri wovomerezeka wa zakudya, yemwe waphunzitsidwa kuchiza matenda okhudzana ndi kudya, angakuthandizeni kusintha zizolowezi zanu zodyera. Angakupatseninso malangizo okhudza kugula zinthu, kukonzekera chakudya, komanso kuphika.

Kodi zimatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji kuti munthu achire?

Nthawi yomwe imatenga kuti munthu achire matenda a anorexia nervosa imasiyana malinga ndi munthu. Kukhala woleza mtima komanso kugwira ntchito molimbika kuti akwaniritse dongosolo lanu la chithandizo ndiyo njira yabwino kwambiri yochizira.

Zolinga zazikulu za chithandizo ndi izi:

• Kuonetsetsa kuti thanzi lanu lili bwino komanso kuti mavuto aliwonse atha.
• Kuyambiranso chizolowezi chodya zakudya zopatsa thanzi zomwe mukufuna, nthawi zonse momwe mukufunira.
• Kusintha momwe mumaganizira, momwe mumamvera, makamaka momwe mumaonera kulemera kwanu.

Kodi chiyembekezo cha munthu amene ali ndi anorexia yosazolowereka ndi chotani?

Mwayi wochira bwino ku anorexia nervosa umadalira zinthu izi:

• Kodi mwakhala ndi vutoli kwa nthawi yayitali bwanji?
• Mkhalidwe wanu ndi woipa bwanji.
• Mtundu wa chithandizo chomwe mumalandira komanso momwe mumachitsatira bwino.

Monga matenda ena okhudzana ndi kudya, anorexia nervosa imatha kuipiraipira ngati sichiritsidwa. Vutoli likadziwika msanga ndikuchiritsidwa, mwayi wochira umakhala wabwino. Ngati silichiritsidwa, likhoza kukhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu.

Mwamwayi, anorexia nervosa imatha kuchiritsidwa. Mutha kubwerera ku zizolowezi zabwino zodyera. Komabe, chiopsezo chobwereranso ndi chachikulu. Chifukwa chake, chithandizo cha nthawi yayitali chikufunika kuti muchire. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kupitiriza kugwira ntchito motsatira dongosolo lanu la chithandizo. Komanso, chithandizo cha banja lanu ndi anzanu n'chofunikira paulendowu.

Kodi ndimadzisamalira bwanji?

Ngakhale izi zitakhala zoopsa komanso zosasangalatsa, ndikofunikira kuuza okondedwa anu ndi dokotala wanu kuti muli ndi matenda a anorexia nervosa. Anthu omwe ali pafupi nanu ayenera kudziwa zomwe mukukumana nazo kuti akuthandizeni ndikukuthandizani.

Ngati dokotala wakupezani ndi matenda a anorexia nervosa, nazi zina zomwe mungachite kuti muchiritse matenda anu:

• Gonani mokwanira.
• Pewani kumwa mowa kapena mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
• Ngati mwamwa mankhwala, imwani pa nthawi yake ndipo musaphonye tsiku limodzi.
• Ngati mukutenga nawo mbali mu chithandizo cha kulankhula, onetsetsani kuti mwakumana ndi katswiri wa zamaganizo pa masiku omwe akonzedwa.
• Pemphani thandizo kuchokera kwa achibale ndi abwenzi.
• Ganizirani kulowa nawo gulu lothandizira anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la kudya.
• Onani dokotala pa masiku omwe akonzedwa.

Ngati simuli woonda, n’chifukwa chiyani pali mavuto ambiri azaumoyo?

Anthu ena angaganize kuti, "Sindine woonda kwambiri, nanga n’chifukwa chiyani ndili ndi mavuto ambiri azaumoyo?" Anthu omwe ali ndi anorexia nervosa amataya thupi mwachangu, ngakhale kuti si oonda. Izi zingayambitse mavuto aakulu azachipatala. Sangapezenso michere ndi mavitamini okwanira (monga tirigu wonse, zipatso, ndiwo zamasamba, ndi mkaka wopanda mafuta ambiri), zomwe zingakhudze thanzi lawo.

Mwina mukudzifunsa kuti, "Kodi ndikudwala mokwanira kuti ndipemphe thandizo?" Kapena mwina mwakomoka kuntchito kapena kusukulu ndipo simungathe kudziwa choti muuze madokotala. Komabe, simungazindikire kuti mukudwala mpaka vuto lanu litavuta kwambiri kuchiza. Mulimonsemo, ndikofunikira kuonana ndi dokotala mwachangu momwe mungathere.

Pomaliza, zinthu zoti muzikumbukira (Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba)

Kuti mupeze chithandizo kwa nthawi yayitali, inu kapena wokondedwa wanu muyenera kuyesetsa kukwaniritsa dongosolo lanu la chithandizo. Musachite mantha kapena kuchita manyazi kupempha thandizo kwa abale ndi abwenzi. Kulowa nawo gulu lothandizira anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la kudya kungathandizenso.

Musadziweruze nokha chifukwa chokhala ndi vuto la anorexia nervosa. Matenda obwera chifukwa cha kudya ndi ofala kwambiri kuposa momwe mukuganizira. Kulankhula momasuka za vutoli kungakuthandizeni kuti musamadzimve kuti ndinu nokha.

Ndi chithandizo choyenera komanso chithandizo choyenera, kuchira kwa nthawi yayitali n'kotheka. Ngati muli ndi mafunso ena okhudza izi, musaope kulankhula ndi dokotala. Simuli nokha.

anorexia yosazolowereka , matenda odya, kuchepa thupi, mawonekedwe a thupi, thanzi la maganizo, zakudya, anorexia nervosa