Kodi nthawi zina mumaganiza kuti, "O, palibe amene angandikonde," "Ndikanena chinachake, anthu adzaseka," kapena "Ndidzadzudzulidwa"? Kodi nthawi zambiri mumapewa malo odzaza anthu, zochitika, kapena misonkhano ndi anzanu chifukwa cha maganizo amenewa? Ngakhale kuti mukufunadi kukhala ndi anthu, kodi mumamva kusungulumwa chifukwa cha mantha awa? Ngati ndi choncho, zomwe ndikufuna kunena zingakhale zofunika kwa inu.

Kodi Vuto Lopewa Khalidwe la Munthu ndi Chiyani?

Mwachidule, Avoidant Personality Disorder (AVPD) ndi matenda amisala omwe nthawi zonse mumadzimva kuti ndinu wopanda pake, monga "Sindili woyenera," "Sindingathe kuchita chilichonse," ndipo mumakhala ndi mantha aakulu kuti ena angakutsutseni kapena kukukanani. Tangoganizani kuti mukufunadi kucheza ndi anzanu ndikucheza, koma mantha anu oti mukanidwa ndi aakulu kwambiri moti mumatha kuwapewa kwathunthu.

Matendawa, otchedwa AVPD, amagwera m'gulu la matenda a "Cluster C". Nkhawa ndi mantha ndi zizindikiro zofala za matenda ena m'gululi. Matenda a umunthu ndi khalidwe losalekeza lomwe limayamba muubwana kapena unyamata ndipo silikugwirizana ndi zomwe anthu ambiri amayembekezera. Izi zingayambitse mavuto ndi kuvutika maganizo kwa munthuyo komanso anthu omwe ali pafupi naye.

Kodi kusiyana pakati pa vuto la umunthu wodziteteza (AVPD) ndi nkhawa yokhudza anthu ndi kotani?

Inde, ngakhale kuti zinthu ziwirizi zingawoneke zofanana, ndi matenda awiri osiyana. Matenda a Nkhawa Pagulu (SAD) , kapena mantha okhudza anthu, ndi mantha opitirira muyeso akuti ena adzakuweruzani ndikukuyang'anani. Izi zimapangitsa anthu omwe ali ndi nkhawa pagulu kupewa zochitika pagulu.

Anthu omwe ali ndi APD amapewa zochitika za anthu komanso maubwenzi. Koma chifukwa chachikulu cha izi ndi kudziona kuti ndi osafunika . Ngakhale kuti nkhawa ndiye chinthu chachikulu mu matenda a nkhawa ya anthu (SAD), nkhawa si nthawi zonse yomwe imafunika kukhala yofunika kwambiri mu APD.

Ofufuza ankaganiza kuti AVPD ndi mtundu woopsa kwambiri wa SAD. Koma tsopano apeza kuti pafupifupi anthu awiri mwa atatu omwe ali ndi AVPD sakwaniritsa zofunikira za SAD mu DSM-5. Komabe, n'zotheka kuti munthu akhale ndi matenda onse awiriwa pamodzi. Zikatero, zizindikiro nthawi zambiri zimakhala zovuta kwambiri.

Kodi vutoli ndi lofala bwanji? Ndani amene ali ndi mwayi waukulu wolitenga?

Kafukufuku akusonyeza kuti pakati pa 1.5% ndi 2.5% ya anthu aku America akhoza kukhala ndi vuto la umunthu lodziteteza (AVPD). Izi zikutanthauza kuti anthu ambiri ku Sri Lanka nawonso akhoza kukhala ndi vutoli.

Kawirikawiri AVPD imayamba munthu akakwanitsa zaka 18, kapena ali ndi zaka makumi awiri . Komanso, anthu omwe ali ndi matenda amisala awa ali ndi mwayi waukulu wopeza AVPD:

• Kuvutika maganizo kwambiri ('Clinical depression' kapena 'major depression disorder')
• Matenda ovutika maganizo nthawi zonse
• Matenda a nkhawa pakati pa anthu
• Matenda okakamiza kwambiri (OCD)
• Matenda a mantha
• Kusowa kwa magazi m'thupi (anorexia nervosa)
• Matenda odya mopitirira muyeso

Kodi zizindikiro za vuto la umunthu lodziteteza (AVPD) ndi ziti?

Khalidwe lalikulu ndilakuti mantha akuti ena angakukanireni ndi aakulu kwambiri moti mumapewa anthu n’kusankha kukhala nokha. Khalidweli silingaoneke bwino mwa anthu ena, koma limawonekera kwambiri mwa ena.

Zizindikiro zina ndi makhalidwe ndi monga:

• Uli ndi kaonekedwe koipa kwambiri. Umadziona ngati wosakwanira, ndiwe wotsika poyerekeza ndi ena. Tangoganizirani, ngakhale utakhala kuti ungachite chinthu chabwino, umaganiza kuti, "O, zimenezo zangochitika kumene."
• Ndimada nkhawa kwambiri ndi kutsutsidwa ndi kusakondedwa ndi anthu ena. Ngakhale wina atanena kanthu kakang'ono, ndimamvera chisoni.
• Ngati simukudziwa bwino kuti anthu ena adzakukondani, simukufuna kucheza nawo. Nthawi zonse mumakhala ndi mantha akuti "Kodi adzanditenga ngati wofunika ndikalankhula?"
• Mumakhala ndi nkhawa komanso mantha kwambiri pazochitika za anthu komanso maubwenzi. Izi zingakuthandizeni kupewa ntchito ndi zochita zomwe zimaphatikizapo kucheza ndi ena. Mwachitsanzo, mungapewe kupita ku phwando ku ofesi, mukumaganiza kuti, "O, ndikapita, palibe amene angandilankhule."
• Ndimakhala wamanyazi kwambiri ndikakhala pagulu ndipo ndimadziona kuti ndine wolakwa chifukwa ndimaopa kulakwitsa kapena kuchita manyazi. Nthawi zonse ndimaganiza zinthu monga, "Kodi mmene ndimavalira ndi bwino?", "Kodi mmene ndimayankhulira ndi wovuta?"
• Mumaganizira mopitirira muyeso mavuto omwe angakhalepo, kapena kutanthauzira molakwika momwe anthu ena amachitira (monga zoipa). Ngakhale wina atangokuyang'anani, mumamva ngati, "O, sindikudziwa zomwe amaganiza za ine."
• Sayesa zinthu zatsopano kawirikawiri. Sakonda kutenga zoopsa. Amasiya zinthu zambiri chifukwa amaopa kuti "Sindingathe kuchita izi ngakhale nditayesa."

N’chifukwa chiyani vutoli limachitika? Zifukwa za (AVPD)

Matenda a umunthu, kuphatikizapo APD, ndi matenda amisala omwe sanamvetsetsedwe bwino. Ofufuza akuyesetsabe kupeza chomwe chimayambitsa vutoli. Koma amakhulupirira kuti APD imayamba chifukwa cha zinthu zosiyanasiyana:

• Majini: Kafukufuku wina adapeza kuti pafupifupi 64% ya kukula kwa AVPD kumachitika chifukwa cha majini, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti majini athu amachita nawo gawo. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ngati wina m'banja mwanu ali ndi vutoli, inunso muli ndi mwayi waukulu woti mudwale nalo.
• Khalidwe la Ubwana: Ofufuza apeza mgwirizano pakati pa makhalidwe ena a ubwana ndi APD. Mwachitsanzo, kuuma mtima, kutengeka maganizo, kudana ndi zinthu zatsopano, kupewa zoopsa kwambiri, komanso mantha ndi kupsinjika maganizo kwambiri.
• Kalembedwe ka chikondi: Anthu omwe ali ndi kalembedwe koopa chikondi amakhala ndi mwayi waukulu wopeza AVPD. Apa ndi pamene mukufuna kukhala pafupi ndi ena, koma simukuwakhulupirira ndipo mukuopa kukanidwa. Mwachitsanzo, mwana akhoza kukhala ndi kalembedwe ka chikondi ngati makolo ake anyalanyaza chisoni chawo ali aang'ono.
• Malo a ubwana: Zinthu monga kukanidwa ndi kuchitiridwa mosiyana ndi ena ali mwana zingathandize pakukula kwa AVPD.

Kodi matendawa (AVPD) amawapeza bwanji?

Makhalidwe athu amapitirira kukula kuyambira ali ana mpaka achinyamata. Pachifukwa ichi, madokotala nthawi zambiri sapeza munthu wosakwana zaka 18 ali ndi vuto la umunthu lodziteteza (AVPD). Madokotala amafunika umboni wosonyeza kuti makhalidwe amenewa ndi osatha, sasintha, ndipo satha pakapita nthawi.

Matenda a umunthu, kuphatikizapo APD, ndi ovuta kuwazindikira chifukwa anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi matendawa sadziwa kuti pali vuto ndi khalidwe lawo kapena momwe amaganizira.

Ngati apempha thandizo, nthawi zambiri amapempha chithandizo cha nkhawa kapena kuvutika maganizo komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha mavuto monga kusungulumwa komanso kusowa mabwenzi komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha vuto lawo la umunthu.

Pamene mlangizi wa zaumoyo wamaganizo , mwachitsanzo katswiri wa zamaganizo kapena katswiri wa zamaganizo, akuganiza kuti winawake ali ndi APD, nthawi zambiri amafunsa mafunso ambiri komanso ofunikira. Amasamala kuti asapange malo omwe munthuyo amamva kuti akutsutsidwa kapena kuchita manyazi. Mafunso omwe amafunsa amayesa kupeza zambiri zokhudza:

• Zambiri zakale
• Maulalo
• Tsatanetsatane wa ntchito zakale
• Kufufuza zenizeni (ndiko kuti, kuthekera kosiyanitsa pakati pa zomwe zikuchitikadi ndi zomwe zikuganiziridwa)

Munthu amene akuganiziridwa kuti ali ndi APD sangamvetse khalidwe lake komanso momwe amaganizira. Chifukwa chake, akatswiri azaumoyo nthawi zambiri amalankhula ndi banja la munthuyo komanso anzake kuti apeze zambiri.

Madokotala amazindikira matenda a AVPD potengera zomwe zili mu American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5).

Kuti munthu apezeke ndi APD, ayenera kukhala ndi makhalidwe anayi mwa awa nthawi zonse :

• Kupewa ntchito zomwe zimaphatikizapo kugwira ntchito ndi ena chifukwa choopa kutsutsidwa kapena kukanidwa.
• Kusafuna kucheza ndi ena pokhapokha ngati muli ndi chitsimikizo chakuti adzakukondani.
• Kukhala chete komanso kudzipatula, ngakhale muubwenzi wapamtima, chifukwa choopa kunyozedwa ndi manyazi.
• Kuda nkhawa kwambiri ndi kutsutsidwa kapena kukanidwa ndi ena pazochitika zachikhalidwe.
• Kudzimva manyazi komanso kusamala za iwe mwini m'malo atsopano ochezera anthu chifukwa chodzimva kuti ndi wosakwanira.
• Kudziona ngati munthu wosafunika kucheza ndi anthu, wosakongola, komanso wotsika poyerekeza ndi ena.
• Kusafuna kuchita zinthu zomwe zingakubweretsereni mavuto kapena kuyesa zinthu zatsopano chifukwa cha kuopsa kochita manyazi.

Kodi chithandizo cha izi ndi chiyani?

Matenda a umunthu ndi ovuta kuchiza chifukwa anthu omwe ali ndi matendawa amakhala ndi kuganiza ndi khalidwe kwa nthawi yayitali.

Komabe, anthu omwe ali ndi AVPD angayankhe bwino akalandira chithandizo. Izi zili choncho chifukwa amamva kukakamizidwa kwambiri ndi vutoli, ndipo anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi AVPD ali ndi chikhumbo chachikulu chofuna kumanga ubale. Chikhumbochi chingakhale chinthu chowalimbikitsa kuti agwire ntchito pa dongosolo lawo la chithandizo. Chithandizochi chingaphatikizepo psychotherapy komanso mankhwala.

Pochiza munthu amene ali ndi vutoli, chithandizo chimakhala chopambana ngati alandira thandizo ndi thandizo kuchokera kwa achibale ake.

Chithandizo cha maganizo (AVPD)

Chithandizo cha maganizo, kapena chithandizo cholankhula, ndiye njira yayikulu yothandizira matenda a umunthu. Cholinga cha chithandizochi ndikukuthandizani kuzindikira zomwe zimayambitsa komanso mantha omwe amagwirizana ndi malingaliro ndi machitidwe anu. Kuphatikiza apo, mutha kuphunzira kukhala ndi ubale wabwino ndi ena.

Mitundu iwiri ya psychotherapy yomwe ingathandize anthu omwe ali ndi APD ndi:

• Chithandizo cha maganizo: Mtundu uwu wa chithandizo umayang'ana kwambiri mizu ya maganizo yomwe imayambitsa kuvutika maganizo. Kudzera mu kudziganizira nokha, mumawona maubwenzi ovuta komanso machitidwe m'moyo wanu. Izi zimakuthandizani kumvetsetsa bwino inu nokha. Zingakuthandizeni kusintha momwe mumagwirizanirana ndi ena komanso malo omwe mukukhala.
• Chithandizo cha Maganizo (CBT): Ichi ndi chithandizo chokonzedwa bwino, choganizira zolinga. Katswiri wa zamaganizo kapena katswiri wa zamaganizo amakuthandizani kuyang'ana malingaliro ndi momwe mukumvera. Mudzamvetsetsa momwe malingaliro anu amakhudzira zochita zanu. Kudzera mu CBT, mutha kuthana ndi malingaliro ndi machitidwe oipa. Mudzaphunzira kukhala ndi malingaliro ndi zizolowezi zabwino. Izi zitha kuyang'ana kwambiri pakukulitsa luso locheza ndi anthu.

Mankhwala a (AVPD)

Pakadali pano palibe mankhwala a matenda amisala. Komabe, pali mankhwala omwe alipo a matenda monga kuvutika maganizo ndi nkhawa zomwe zingachitike mwa anthu omwe ali ndi APD. Kuchiza matenda amenewa kungathandize kuti kuchiza APD kukhale kosavuta.

Komabe, kuti mupeze zotsatira zabwino, muyenera kumwa mankhwala pamodzi ndi psychotherapy.

Kodi chiyembekezo cha anthu omwe ali ndi AVPD ndi chiyani?

Chiyembekezo cha vutoli (AVPD) chimadalira ngati lachiritsidwa kapena ayi.

Ngati sanalandire chithandizo, AVPD ingayambitse zotsatirazi:

• Kupezeka kwa matenda ena amisala monga kuvutika maganizo, matenda obwera chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, komanso matenda obwera chifukwa chodya kwambiri.
• Kuwonjezeka kwa chiopsezo cha kuvutika maganizo pambuyo pobereka.
• Kukhumudwa ndi moyo.
• Mavuto kuntchito.
• Kulephera kugwira ntchito bwino pagulu.

Anthu omwe ali ndi APD amakhala ndi chiŵerengero chachikulu cha malingaliro ofuna kudzipha komanso kuyesa kudzipha. Ngati inu kapena munthu amene mumamudziwa akuganiza zodzipha, chonde funsani thandizo mwachangu kwa katswiri wa zamaganizo, munthu wamkulu wodalirika, kapena imbani foni yothandizira.

Kuchiza matenda opewera umunthu (AVPD) ndi njira yayitali. Kufunitsitsa kwanu kufunafuna ndikupitiriza chithandizo kungakukhudzeni kwambiri momwe mumaonera zinthu. Ndi chithandizo, anthu ena omwe ali ndi AVPD angaphunzire kukhala ndi ubale wabwino ndi ena.

Kodi AVPD ingapewedwe?

Matenda amisala opewera (AVPD) sangapewedwe kotheratu. Komabe, chithandizo chingathandize kuchepetsa mavuto omwe amabwera chifukwa cha matendawa. Kufunafuna thandizo zizindikiro zikangoyamba kuonekera kungachepetse kusokonezeka kwa moyo wa munthu, banja lake, komanso ubale wake.

Zinthu zofunika kuzikumbukira (Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba)

Kumbukirani, vuto la kupewa umunthu (AVPD) ndi vuto la thanzi la maganizo. Monga momwe zimakhalira ndi matenda ena onse amisala, kufunafuna thandizo mwamsanga zizindikiro zikayamba kuonekera kungathandize kuchepetsa kusokonezeka kwa moyo wanu. Akatswiri azaumoyo wamaganizo angapereke njira zothandizira kuti zikuthandizeni kuwongolera malingaliro ndi machitidwe anu.

Okondedwa a anthu omwe ali ndi APD nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi nkhawa, kuvutika maganizo, komanso kusungulumwa. Ndikofunikira kusamalira thanzi lanu la maganizo ndikupempha thandizo ngati mukukumana ndi zizindikirozi.

Simuli nokha. Ngati mutamvetsa vutoli ndikupempha thandizo loyenera, inunso mutha kupeza mpumulo ndikukhala ndi moyo wabwino. Pemphani thandizo popanda mantha komanso molimba mtima.

Matenda a umunthu opewera, AVPD, matenda a umunthu, mantha a anthu, nkhawa, kuvutika maganizo, thanzi la maganizo, chithandizo