Kodi wokondedwa wanu akuiwalanso chilichonse? Tiyeni tikambirane za matenda a dementia!

Kodi munayamba mwazindikirapo kuti amayi anu, abambo anu, agogo anu, kapena agogo anu amaiwala zinthu akamakalamba? Nthawi zina n'zachibadwa kuiwala komwe kuli makiyi anu, dzina la munthu wina, kapena zomwe munkafuna kuchita. Ngakhale tingaganize kuti umu ndi momwe timakulira, nthawi zina ngati kuiwalaku kumakhala koopsa kwambiri moti kumakupangitsani kukhala kovuta kuchita ntchito za tsiku ndi tsiku, kungakhale chiyambi cha matenda otchedwa dementia. Musadandaule, tikambirana izi m'njira yosavuta lero, kuti mumvetse.

Kodi matenda a Dementia ndi chiyani kwenikweni?

Mwachidule, matenda a dementia si matenda amodzi okha. Ndi zizindikiro zambirimbiri. Amayamba chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa maselo a ubongo wathu, zomwe zimafooketsa pang'onopang'ono luso lathu loganiza, kukumbukira, kulingalira, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito chilankhulo. Matendawa angatikhudze kwambiri mpaka kufika poti sitingathenso kuchita ntchito za tsiku ndi tsiku tokha.

Ganizirani za matenda a dementia ngati ambulera yaikulu. Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya matenda pansi pa ambulera imeneyo. Yofunika kwambiri komanso yomwe anthu ambiri adamvapo ndi matenda a Alzheimer's . 70%-80% ya anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a dementia ali ndi matenda a dementia omwe amayamba chifukwa cha matenda a Alzheimer's. Komabe, pali matenda ena pafupifupi 50 omwe amayambitsa matenda a dementia kupatula matenda a Alzheimer's.

Musasokoneze vuto la dementia ndi delirium.

Nthawi zina mungaone munthu wokalamba mwadzidzidzi akukwiya ndikuchita ngati akusokonezeka maganizo. Izi timazitcha kuti misala. Izi n'zosiyana kwambiri ndi matenda amisala.

• Kusokonezeka maganizo: Uwu ndi vuto lomwe limabwera mwadzidzidzi kwa tsiku limodzi kapena awiri . Lingayambitsidwe ndi matenda, mankhwala ena, kapena opaleshoni itatha. Nthawi zambiri limatha kuchiritsidwa ndikuchira kwathunthu .
• Matenda amisala: Uwu ndi matenda omwe amakula pang'onopang'ono pakatha miyezi kapena zaka . Nthawi zambiri zimakhala zovuta kusintha.

Kodi matenda a dementia ndi chinthu chachibadwa chomwe chimachitika munthu akamakalamba?

Ili ndi vuto lomwe anthu ambiri ali nalo. Ndizachibadwa kuiwala zinthu zazing'ono tikamakalamba. Koma matenda a dementia ndi osiyana. Tiyeni timvetse kusiyana kumeneku momveka bwino.

Kodi zimayambitsa matenda a dementia ndi ziti?

Matenda a dementia amayamba chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa maselo a mitsempha (ma neuron) muubongo wathu komanso kutayika kwa kulumikizana pakati pawo. Zizindikiro zimasiyana malinga ndi komwe kuwonongeka kumeneku kumachitika muubongo.

Zifukwa zazikulu ndi izi:

• Matenda a Alzheimer's: Mu matendawa, mapuloteni osafunikira (amyloid plaques) amasonkhana pakati pa maselo a ubongo ndipo mtundu wina wa mapuloteni (tau tangles) umasokonekera mkati mwa maselo. Izi zimapangitsa kuti maselowo afe.
• Matenda a Mitsempha ya M'magazi: Matenda omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha yamagazi yomwe imanyamula magazi kupita ku ubongo. Amatha kuchitika chifukwa cha matenda monga kuthamanga kwa magazi, matenda a shuga, cholesterol yambiri, ndi sitiroko.
• Lewy body dementia (LBD): Matendawa amayamba chifukwa cha kupangika kwa mapuloteni osazolowereka otchedwa Lewy bodies mkati mwa maselo a ubongo.
• Matenda a Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD):Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa maselo omwe ali mu ubongo kutsogolo ndi nthawi. Izi zingayambitse kusintha kwakukulu kwa khalidwe ndi umunthu.
• Kuvulala kwambiri pamutu: Kuvulala kwambiri pamutu komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha ngozi kungayambitsenso matenda amisala kwa nthawi yayitali.

Kuphatikiza apo , zinthu zomwe zingathe kuchiritsidwa monga kusowa kwa vitamini B12, mavuto a mahomoni a chithokomiro, ndi matenda ena zimatha kuyambitsanso zizindikiro zofanana ndi za matenda a dementia. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kwambiri kupita kwa dokotala mukangokumana ndi mavuto okumbukira kuti mudziwe chomwe chimayambitsa.

Kodi zinthu zoopsa ndi ziti? - Zinthu zomwe tiyenera kudziwa

Pali zinthu zingapo zomwe zimawonjezera chiopsezo cha matenda a dementia:

• Zaka: Chiwopsezocho chimawonjezeka pang'onopang'ono munthu akakwanitsa zaka 65.
• Mbiri ya banja: Ngati wina m'banja mwanu (amayi, abambo, abale ndi alongo) adadwala matenda a dementia, inunso muli pachiwopsezo chachikulu.
• Matenda a mtima: Kusalamulira zinthu monga kuthamanga kwa magazi, matenda a shuga, ndi cholesterol yambiri.
• Moyo: Kusuta fodya, kumwa mowa mopitirira muyeso, kudya zakudya zosayenera, komanso kusachita masewera olimbitsa thupi.
• Kuvutika maganizo: Kupsinjika maganizo kwa nthawi yayitali komanso kuvutika maganizo ndi zinthu zina zomwe zingakubweretsereni mavuto.
• Kudzipatula: Kukhala wekha popanda kucheza ndi anthu ena sikwabwino pa thanzi la ubongo.

Kodi mungazindikire bwanji zizindikiro za matenda a dementia?

Poyamba matenda a dementia, zizindikiro zake zimakhala zosaonekera bwino, koma pakapita nthawi, zimaonekera kwambiri.

• Kutaya kukumbukira kwa kanthawi kochepa: Kuiwala zomwe zinanenedwa nthawi yochepa yapitayo, kufunsa funso lomwelo mobwerezabwereza.
• Mavuto olankhulana: Kuvutika kupeza mawu oyenera polankhula, kulephera kumvetsa zomwe mukufuna kunena.
• Kusochera: Kulephera kupeza njira yoti upite panjira yoyenda bwino, ngakhale m'mudzi mwako.
• Kuvuta kuchita ntchito zachizolowezi: Kusokoneza magawo a ntchito zosavuta monga kuphika tiyi, kuphika chakudya, kapena kulipira bilu.
• Kusintha kwa umunthu ndi khalidwe: Kukhala wokwiya kwambiri, wokwiya, wokayikira, kapena wosaganizira kuposa kale.
• Kuona kapena kumva zinthu zachilendo (Kuona zinthu molakwika): Kunena kuti mukuona kapena kumva zinthu zomwe sizilipo kwenikweni.
• Kunyenga: Kukhulupirira kwambiri zinthu zomwe si zoona (monga kuganiza kuti winawake waba ndalama).

Kodi mankhwala a matenda a dementia ndi ati?

Ngakhale kuti mitundu yambiri ya matenda a dementia singathe kuchiritsidwa kwathunthu, pali mankhwala omwe angathandize kuchepetsa zizindikiro ndikuchepetsa kukula kwa matendawa.

1. Mankhwala:

• Zoletsa za Cholinesterase(Mwachitsanzo: Donepezil, Rivastigmine): Izi zimagwira ntchito powonjezera kuchuluka kwa mankhwala muubongo omwe amathandiza kukumbukira ndi kuganiza. Izi nthawi zambiri zimaperekedwa pa magawo oyambirira ndi apakati a matenda a Alzheimer's.
• Memantine: Izi zimathandiza kuchepetsa zizindikiro pakati ndi pakati pa matendawa.
• Kuphatikiza apo, dokotala angaperekenso mankhwala ena kuti athetse mavuto a khalidwe (nkhawa, kuvutika maganizo).

2. Mankhwala osagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala:

• Chithandizo cha ntchito: Chimaphunzitsa wodwala ndi osamalira momwe angachitire ntchito za tsiku ndi tsiku mosamala komanso mosavuta.
• Kukonzekera malo: Ndikofunikira kuchepetsa zinthu zosafunikira m'nyumba ndikupanga malo osavuta komanso opanda zinthu zambiri. Sungani zinthu zomwe zingakhale zoopsa kwa wodwalayo (mipeni, machesi) pamalo omwe sangawonekere.
• Kuchita zinthu motsatira ndondomeko: Kupanga zinthu monga kudya, kusamba, ndi kugona nthawi imodzi tsiku lililonse kungachepetse nkhawa ya wodwalayo.

Kodi mungakhale bwanji ndi matenda a dementia? - Malangizo kwa odwala ndi osamalira odwala

Kupezeka ndi matenda a dementia kungakhale kodabwitsa kwa wodwalayo komanso banja lake. Komabe, ndi chithandizo choyenera komanso kukonzekera bwino, n'zotheka kukhala ndi moyo wabwino.

Kwa wodwala:

• Khalani otanganidwa: Chitani masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso masewera olimbitsa ubongo (ma puzzles, chess).
• Khalani ochezeka: Lankhulani ndi anzanu komanso achibale.
• Idyani zakudya zopatsa thanzi: Idyani zakudya zopatsa thanzi.
• Kambiranani za momwe mukumvera: Gawani zakukhosi kwanu ndi munthu amene mumamukhulupirira.

Kwa Osamalira:

• Khalani oleza mtima: Ngati akufunsani chinthu chomwecho mobwerezabwereza, mvetserani moleza mtima. Musayese kutsutsana nawo.
• Lankhulani mwachidule: Lankhulani m'ziganizo zazifupi komanso zosavuta. Musafunse mafunso ambiri nthawi imodzi.
• Samalani chitetezo: Onetsetsani kuti ali otetezeka mkati ndi kunja kwa nyumba.
• Ganiziraninso za inu nokha: Kusamalira munthu amene ali ndi vuto la dementia kungakhale kovuta m'maganizo ndi m'thupi. Choncho tengani nthawi yopuma ndikuganizira za thanzi lanu. Pemphani thandizo ngati mukufunikira.