Kodi inunso mulibe vuto lomweli? Tiyeni tikambirane za matenda a bipolar.

Kodi nthawi zina mumamva kusangalala mwadzidzidzi, koma tsiku lotsatira mukumva chisoni kwambiri komanso kutopa ndi moyo? Kapena pali winawake amene mumamudziwa amene anakumanapo ndi izi? Izi sizinthu zina chabe, mwina chifukwa cha izi ndi matenda a bipolar. Lero, tikambirana za izi mosavuta, m'njira yomwe mungamvetse.

Kodi Matenda a Bipolar ndi chiyani?

Mwachidule, matenda a bipolar ndi matenda amisala omwe amayamba kwa nthawi yayitali . Poyamba ankatchedwa "manic-depressive illness" kapena "manic depression." Amadziwika ndi kusintha kwadzidzidzi komanso kwakukulu mu malingaliro anu, kuchuluka kwa mphamvu, kuganiza, ndi khalidwe lanu. Kusintha kumeneku kumatha kwa maola, masiku, milungu, kapena miyezi. Kungasokonezenso luso lanu lochita zinthu bwino.

Matenda a bipolar amadziwika ndi kusintha kwakukulu kwa malingaliro: zochitika za manic kapena hypomanic ndi zochitika za depression . Komabe, izi sizikutanthauza kuti munthu amene ali ndi matenda a bipolar nthawi zonse amakhala mu chimodzi mwa zochitika ziwirizi. Amakhalanso ndi nthawi yamaganizo abwinobwino. Timatcha izi "euthymia."

N’chifukwa chiyani dzina lakuti “manic-depressive illness” silikugwiritsidwanso ntchito?

Pali zifukwa zingapo za izi:

• Kale, madokotala ankagwiritsa ntchito mawu oti "manic depression" ponena za matenda osiyanasiyana amisala. Tsopano, pamene njira zogawa matenda amisala, monga "Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders" (DSM) , zasintha, kugwiritsa ntchito dzina lakuti "bipolar disorder" kumapangitsa kuti matendawa amveke bwino.
• Mawu oti "manic" ndi "mania" ali ndi mawu ambiri onyoza komanso oipa m'gulu la anthu, makamaka mawu ngati "maniac." Mofananamo, anthu amagwiritsa ntchito mawu oti "depression" pofotokoza chisoni chachibadwa, ngakhale kuti si matenda a maganizo . Dzina lakuti "bipolar disorder" limasiyana ndi mawu awiriwa.
• "Bipolar disorder" ndi mawu oti matenda amisala komanso azachipatala kuposa "manic depression." Lili ndi zolemetsa zochepa zamaganizo.
• Dzina lakuti "manic depression" silikunena za mitundu ya cyclothymic kapena hypomanic (monga bipolar II disorder) ya vutoli.

Kodi zizindikiro zazikulu za matenda a bipolar ndi ziti?

Tiyeni tsopano tiwone zomwe zimachitika nthawi imeneyi ya kusokonezeka maganizo komanso kuvutika maganizo.

Magawo amisala

Matenda a Bipolar IAnthu omwe ali ndi vuto la bipolar disorder nthawi zambiri amakumana ndi zochitika zotere zamisala. Apa ndi pamene malingaliro anu amakhala okwera kwambiri, nthawi zina amakwiya kwambiri. Nthawi yomweyo, malingaliro anu, mphamvu zanu, malankhulidwe anu, ndi khalidwe lanu zonse zimasintha kwambiri. Mphamvu zambirizi ndi khalidwe lanu zimasiyana kwambiri ndi zomwe mumakonda, ndipo zimaonekera kwa ena.

Anthu ena akakhala ndi misala, angachite zinthu zomwe zimawavulaza mwakuthupi, pagulu, kapena pazachuma. Mwachitsanzo, angawononge ndalama zambiri mwadzidzidzi, kutchova juga, kapena kuyendetsa galimoto mosasamala. Nthawi zina , zizindikiro zamaganizo , monga kuganiza molakwika ndi kuona zinthu zisanachitike, zingachitikenso. Izi nthawi zina zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kusiyanitsa matenda a bipolar ndi matenda ena, monga schizophrenia.

Mwachitsanzo, mu mitundu ina ya matenda a bipolar, anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a Bipolar II amakumana ndi vuto lotchedwa hypomania . Imeneyi ndi nthawi yochepa komanso yofatsa kuposa mania. Siimatenga nthawi yayitali ngati manic episodes ndipo siisokoneza magwiridwe antchito a tsiku ndi tsiku.

Zochitika zokhumudwitsa

Pa nthawi ya kuvutika maganizo, mungamve chisoni kwambiri komanso opanda chiyembekezo. Mungasiyenso chidwi ndi zinthu zomwe munkakonda. Zizindikiro zina za kuvutika maganizo zingawonekerenso:

• Kutopa, kutopa.
• Kusintha kwa chilakolako (kuwonjezeka kapena kuchepa).
• Kudziona ngati wopanda pake ndi chizindikiro cha kusowa chiyembekezo.
• Kulephera kuchita chilichonse.
• Ndikumva ngati ndikulira.

Kodi mitundu ya matenda a bipolar ndi iti?

Pali mitundu inayi ikuluikulu ya matenda a bipolar:

1. Matenda a Bipolar I: Anthuwa adakumana ndi vuto limodzi kapena angapo la kusokonezeka maganizo. Anthu ambiri ali ndi vuto la kusokonezeka maganizo komanso kupsinjika maganizo, koma mutha kupezekabe ndi vuto la bipolar I ngati muli ndi vuto la kusokonezeka maganizo lokha popanda vuto la kusokonezeka maganizo. Matenda a kupsinjika maganizo nthawi zambiri amatha milungu iwiri. Kuti mupeze matenda a bipolar I, vuto lanu la kusokonezeka maganizo liyenera kukhala masiku osachepera asanu ndi awiri kapena kukhala lalikulu mokwanira kuti lifunike kuchipatala. Anthuwa amathanso kukhala ndi matenda osiyanasiyana , omwe ndi matenda omwe zizindikiro za kusokonezeka maganizo ndi kupsinjika maganizo zimapezeka.

2. Matenda a Bipolar II: Anthuwa amakumana ndi zochitika za kuvutika maganizo komanso zochitika za hypomanic. Koma sakumana ndi zochitika zonse za manic zomwe zimachitika kawirikawiri mu bipolar I. Ngakhale kuti hypomania siisokoneza kwambiri kuposa mania, matenda a bipolar II nthawi zina amakhala ovuta kwambiri kuposa bipolar I. Izi zili choncho chifukwa chakuti kuvutika maganizo kosatha kumachitika kwambiri mu bipolar II.

3.Matenda a Cyclothymic (Cyclothymia): Anthuwa amakhala ndi maganizo osakhazikika nthawi zonse. Amasinthasintha pakati pa hypomania ndi kuvutika maganizo pang'ono kwa zaka zosachepera ziwiri. Angakhale ndi nthawi yochepa ya euthymia, koma nthawi imeneyi ndi yosakwana milungu isanu ndi itatu.

4. Matenda ena obwerezabwereza komanso osatchulidwa a bipolar ndi matenda ena ofanana nawo: Ngati munthu sakukwaniritsa zofunikira za bipolar I, II, kapena cyclothymia, koma ali ndi kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa kukwera kwa malingaliro kosazolowereka, amagwera m'gululi.

Kodi kusiyana pakati pa matenda a borderline personality disorder (BPD) ndi matenda a bipolar ndi kotani?

Matenda a Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) ndi matenda a bipolar amatha kusokonezeka chifukwa ali ndi zizindikiro zofanana. Komabe, ndi matenda awiri osiyana.

BPD imadziwika ndi kusintha kwadzidzidzi kwa nthawi yayitali, kwadzidzidzi kwa malingaliro, khalidwe, ndi malingaliro a munthu mwini . Izi nthawi zambiri zimachitika chifukwa cha mikangano muubwenzi ndi ena. BPD imagwirizanitsidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa anthu odzivulaza osadzipha, zomwe sizimachitika kawirikawiri mu matenda a bipolar.

Matenda a bipolar amasiyana ndi BPD chifukwa amakhudza zochitika zomveka bwino komanso zokhalitsa za mania/hypomania ndi/kapena kuvutika maganizo . Zochitikazi za mania kapena kuvutika maganizo zimatha kuyambitsidwa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, kusokonezeka kwa tulo, kupsinjika maganizo, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ndi mankhwala ena.

Ndani amadwala matenda a bipolar?

Zingayambe mwa aliyense. Nthawi zambiri zimayamba pafupifupi zaka 25. Koma nthawi zambiri, zimatha kuyamba ali wamng'ono, kapena ngakhale ali ndi zaka 40 kapena 50.

Zimakhudza akazi ndi amuna mofanana, koma pakhoza kukhala kusiyana pang'ono pa momwe zimawakhudzira.

• Azimayi omwe ali ndi vuto la bipolar disorder amatha kusintha maganizo mwachangu. Ngati muli ndi nthawi zinayi kapena kuposerapo za kusokonezeka maganizo kapena kuvutika maganizo pachaka, zimatchedwa "rapid cycling." Kusintha kwa mahomoni ogonana ndi mahomoni a chithokomiro , komanso kuchuluka kwa mankhwala oletsa kuvutika maganizo mwa akazi, kungayambitse vutoli la "rapid cycling".
• Azimayi amathanso kukhala ndi nthawi zambiri zovutika maganizo kuposa amuna.

Kodi matenda a bipolar ndi ofala bwanji?

Akuluakulu pafupifupi 5.7 miliyoni ku United States, kapena 2.6% ya anthu onse, ali ndi vutoli. Vutoli limapezekanso ku Sri Lanka.

Kodi zizindikiro za matenda a bipolar ndi ziti?

Chizindikiro chachikulu cha matenda a bipolar I ndi nthawi ya manic yomwe imatenga pafupifupi sabata imodzi . Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a bipolar II kapena cyclothymia amakumana ndi zochitika za hypomanic.

Koma anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi vuto la bipolar disorder amakumana ndi zochitika zonse ziwiri za manic/hypomanic ndi depression. Kusintha kwa maganizo kumeneku sikumachitika nthawi zonse mofanana. Nthawi zina vuto la manic silimatsatira nthawi zonse vuto la maganizo. Munthu akhoza kukhala ndi maganizo omwewo (monga mania) kangapo, ndipo amathanso kuchoka pa maganizo abwinobwino (euthymia) kupita ku mbali ina (depression).

Kusintha kumeneku kwa maganizo kumatha kwa milungu ingapo, miyezi, kapena zaka.

Chofunika kwambiri ndichakuti kusintha kwa malingaliro kumeneku kukhale kosiyana ndi momwe mumakhalira nthawi zonse ndipo kusinthaku kumatenga nthawi yayitali . Mu kukonda kwambiri zinthu, kumatha kwa masiku kapena milungu, ndipo mu kuvutika maganizo, kumatha kwa milungu kapena miyezi.

Kuopsa kwa nthawi ya kuvutika maganizo komanso kusokonezeka maganizo kungasiyane malinga ndi munthu, komanso ngakhale pakapita nthawi mwa munthu m'modzi.

Zizindikiro za Manic Episodes

Anthu ena amakumana ndi nthawi ya mania kapena hypomania kangapo m'miyoyo yawo, koma ena amakumana ndi nthawi zina.

Zizindikiro za matenda amisala ndi izi:

• Kumva chisangalalo chachikulu, chiyembekezo, ndi chisangalalo.
• Kusintha kwadzidzidzi komanso kwakukulu kwa malingaliro. Mwachitsanzo, kuchoka pa kukhala wosangalala kwambiri mpaka kukhala wokwiya mwadzidzidzi kapena waudani.
• Kusakhazikika.
• Kulankhula mwachangu, maganizo othamanga.
• Kuwonjezeka kwa mphamvu, kuchepa kwa kufunikira tulo.
• Kudziletsa kwambiri, kupanga zisankho zolakwika. Mwachitsanzo, kusiya ntchito mwadzidzidzi.
• Kupanga mapulani akuluakulu komanso osatheka.
• Khalidwe losasamala komanso loopsa. Mwachitsanzo, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi mowa mopitirira muyeso, kugonana kosatetezeka.
• Kudzimva wofunika kwambiri, waluso, kapena wamphamvu.
• Kusokonezeka maganizo - Kuona zinthu molakwika komanso kuganiza molakwika pazochitika zoopsa kwambiri za kusokonezeka maganizo.

Kawirikawiri, anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la kusokonezeka maganizo sadziwa zotsatirapo zoyipa za zochita zawo. Chiwopsezo chodzipha nthawi zonse chimakhalapo ndi matenda a bipolar. Anthu ena amayesedwa kudzipha panthawi ya matenda a kusokonezeka maganizo, osati panthawi ya kuvutika maganizo kokha.

Ngati munthu ali ndi vuto lalikulu la misala, makamaka ngati ali ndi malingaliro oipa komanso olakwika, angafunike kugonekedwa m'chipatala kuti adziteteze komanso ateteze ena ku ngozi.

Zizindikiro za Hypomania

Anthu ena amakumana ndi zizindikiro zofanana ndi kutopa, koma zochepa. Izi zimatchedwa hypomania . Panthawiyi, mungamve bwino kwambiri ndipo mungamve ngati mungathe kuchita zambiri. Anthu omwe ali mu mkhalidwe wa hypomanic nthawi zambiri amatha kugwira ntchito bwino m'gulu kapena kuntchito.

Pa nthawi ya hypomanic episode, simungamve ngati pali vuto lililonse. Koma achibale anu ndi abwenzi anu angazindikire kusintha kwa momwe mumamvera komanso khalidwe lanu, ndipo angaganize kuti ndi zachilendo kwa inu. Muthanso kuvutika maganizo kwambiri mutatha hypomanic episode.

Zizindikiro za nthawi ya kuvutika maganizo

Zizindikiro za nthawi ya kuvutika maganizo mu matenda a bipolar zimafanana ndi zizindikiro za kuvutika maganizo kwakukulu . Zikuphatikizapo:

• Kumva chisoni chosatha.
• Kusowa mphamvu, kutopa.
• Kusowa chidwi chochita chilichonse.
• Kutaya mtima, kudziona ngati wopanda pake.
• Kusasangalala ndi zinthu zomwe zinali zosangalatsa kale.
• Kuvuta kuganizira, kupanga zisankho.
• Kulira mosalekeza.
• Mkwiyo.
• Kufunika kogona mokwanira.
• Kusowa tulo kapena kugona kwambiri.
• Kuchepetsa thupi kapena kuwonjezeka chifukwa cha kusintha kwa chilakolako cha chakudya.
• Maganizo okhudza imfa kapena kudzipha ( Suicidal Like ).

Ngati mukuganiza zodzipha, muyenera kufunafuna thandizo nthawi yomweyo. Ku Sri Lanka, imbani bungwe ngati Sumithrayo (0112692909), kapena pitani kuchipatala chapafupi.

Zizindikiro za Gawo Losakanikirana

Mu nthawi yosakanikirana, zizindikiro zonse za kusokonezeka maganizo ndi kuvutika maganizo zimachitika pamodzi. Panthawiyi, mumakhala ndi malingaliro oipa omwe amabwera chifukwa cha kuvutika maganizo, koma mumakhala ndi nkhawa, kusakhazikika, komanso mphamvu zambiri.

Anthu omwe amakumana ndi zochitika zosiyanasiyana nthawi zambiri amanena kuti ndi gawo loipa kwambiri la matenda a bipolar.

Kodi ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a bipolar?

Asayansi sakudziwabe chomwe chimayambitsa izi.

Koma amakhulupirira kuti pali kugwirizana kwakukulu pakati pa majini (majini/cholowa) . Matenda a bipolar ndi amodzi mwa matenda amisala ofala kwambiri. Anthu oposa awiri mwa atatu omwe ali ndi matenda a bipolar ali ndi wachibale wawo wa m'magazi yemwenso ali ndi vutoli. Koma kungoti wachibale wanu wa m'magazi ali ndi matenda a bipolar sizitanthauza kuti mudzakhala nawo.

Zinthu zina zomwe asayansi amakhulupirira kuti zimathandiza kuti matenda a bipolar ayambe ndi awa:

• Kusintha kwa ubongo wanu: Ofufuza apeza kusintha kochepa pa kukula kwabwinobwino kapena magwiridwe antchito a ubongo mwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la bipolar. Koma vutoli silingapezeke ndi scan ya ubongo.
• Zinthu zokhudzana ndi chilengedwe, monga kuvulala ndi kupsinjika maganizo: Chochitika chovutitsa maganizo, monga imfa ya wokondedwa, matenda aakulu, kusudzulana, kapena mavuto azachuma, chingayambitse vuto la kusokonezeka maganizo kapena kuvutika maganizo. Chifukwa chake, kupsinjika maganizo ndi kupsinjika maganizo kungathandizenso kukulitsa matenda a bipolar.

Asayansi pakadali pano akufufuza momwe zinthuzi zimagwirizanirana ndi bipolar, momwe zingathandizire kupewa vutoli, komanso momwe zimakhudzira chithandizo.

Kodi matenda a bipolar amawapeza bwanji?

Dokotala wanu angagwiritse ntchito zinthu zingapo kuti azindikire izi:

• Kuwunika thupi.
• Mbiri yonse yachipatala (kufunsa za zizindikiro zanu, zomwe mwakumana nazo pa moyo wanu wonse, ndi mbiri ya banja lanu).
• Mayeso azachipatala,Monga kuyezetsa magazi. Izi zimachitika kuti ziwone ngati pali matenda ena omwe angayambitse zizindikiro zanu (monga hyperthyroidism ).
• Kuwunika thanzi la maganizo. Dokotala wanu angachite izi, kapena mungakutumizireni kwa katswiri wa matenda a maganizo, monga dokotala wa matenda amisala.

Kuti mupezeke ndi matenda a bipolar disorder, muyenera kuti mwakumanapo ndi vuto limodzi la manic kapena hypomanic . Akatswiri azaumoyo wamaganizo amagwiritsa ntchito Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) kuti akuthandizeni kudziwa mtundu wa matenda a bipolar omwe mungakhale nawo.

Kuti adziwe mtundu wa matenda a bipolar omwe muli nawo, dokotala wanu adzafufuza momwe zizindikiro zanu zimakhudzira moyo wanu komanso momwe zimakhudzira moyo wanu pazochitika zoyipa kwambiri.

Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a bipolar ali ndi mwayi waukulu wokhala ndi matenda amisala awa:

• Nkhawa.
• Matenda a Kusazindikira/Kuthamanga Kwambiri (ADHD).
• Matenda Ovutika Maganizo Pambuyo pa Zoopsa (PTSD).
• Matenda Ogwiritsa Ntchito Mankhwala Osokoneza Bongo.

Chifukwa cha izi, komanso chifukwa anthu sangakumbukire kuti adakumana ndi vutoli chifukwa kukumbukira kwawo kumachepa panthawi ya misala, nthawi zina zimakhala zovuta kuti madokotala adziwe bwino anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a bipolar.

Wodwala matenda a bipolar amene ali ndi vuto lalikulu la kusokonezeka maganizo komanso kuona zinthu molakwika angadziwike molakwika ngati munthu amene ali ndi vuto la schizophrenia . N'zothekanso kuti angadziwike molakwika ngati munthu amene ali ndi vuto la borderline personality disorder (BPD) .

Choncho, ndikofunikira kwambiri kukhala oona mtima komanso omveka bwino za zizindikiro zanu zonse ndi zomwe mwakumana nazo mukamalankhula ndi dokotala wanu. Zingakhalenso zothandiza kuphatikiza wokondedwa wanu muzokambirana zanu ndi dokotala wanu yemwe angakupatseni zambiri zokhudza mbiri yanu ya thanzi lanu la maganizo.

Kodi matenda a bipolar amachiritsidwa bwanji?

Chithandizo chingathandize anthu ambiri, ngakhale omwe ali ndi matenda oopsa a bipolar. Ndondomeko yothandiza ya chithandizo nthawi zambiri imaphatikizapo kuphatikiza izi:

• Chithandizo cha Maganizo / Kulankhulana.
• Mankhwala.
• Njira zodzisamalira, mwachitsanzo, kuphunzira za matendawa, kuzindikira zizindikiro zoyambirira za matenda, ndi kuzindikira zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa.
• Makhalidwe abwino monga kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, yoga, ndi kusinkhasinkha, angathandize pa chithandizo, koma salowa m'malo mwake.
• Chithandizo cha Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala ena sakuyankha bwino, kapena ngati zizindikiro ziyenera kuthetsedwa mwachangu kuti zisawonongeke.

Matenda a bipolar ndi matenda omwe munthu amakhala nawo kwa moyo wake wonse, kotero chithandizo ndi moyo wonse . Zingatenge miyezi kapena zaka kuti inu ndi dokotala wanu mupeze njira yochizira yomwe ingakuthandizireni. Ngakhale izi zitha kukhala zokhumudwitsa, ndikofunikira kupitiriza ndi chithandizo.

Matenda amisala komanso kuvutika maganizo amabwereranso pakapita nthawi. Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda a bipolar amachira kusintha kwa maganizo awo panthawi ya matendawa, koma ena amakhala ndi zizindikiro zina zotsalira. Chithandizo cha nthawi yayitali chingathandize kuthana ndi zizindikirozi.

Ngati muli ndi matenda ena amisala (monga nkhawa, ADHD) pamodzi ndi matenda a bipolar, kuchiza matendawa kungakhale kovuta kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, mankhwala oletsa kuvutika maganizo a matenda ovutika maganizo (OCD) ndi mankhwala olimbikitsa ADHD amatha kukulitsa zizindikiro za bipolar komanso kuyambitsa matenda amisala.

Komabe, ngakhale kuchiza matenda amenewa kungakhale kovuta, sikuti n'zosatheka. Khalani odzipereka kupeza njira yochizira yomwe ingakuthandizeni.

Ndi mitundu iti ya mankhwala yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa matenda a bipolar?

Chithandizo cha maganizo, chomwe chimadziwikanso kuti "kulankhula," chingakhale gawo lofunika kwambiri la dongosolo la chithandizo kwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la bipolar.

Chithandizo cha maganizo ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zochiritsira zomwe zimakuthandizani kuzindikira ndikusintha malingaliro, malingaliro, ndi machitidwe ovutitsa. Kugwira ntchito ndi katswiri wa zamaganizo , monga dokotala wa matenda amisala, kungakuthandizeni inu ndi banja lanu kupeza chithandizo, maphunziro, ndi chitsogozo.

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mankhwala a matenda a bipolar:

• Maphunziro a zamaganizo: Apa ndi pamene akatswiri azaumoyo wamaganizo amaphunzitsa anthu za matenda awo amisala. Popeza bipolar ndi vuto lovuta, kuphunzira za vutoli ndi momwe limakhudzira moyo wanu kungakuthandizeni inu ndi okondedwa anu kuthana nalo bwino.
• Chithandizo cha Kuyanjana ndi Anthu ndi Kugwirizana ndi Anthu (IPSRT): Chithandizochi chapangidwa kuti chikuthandizeni kumvetsetsa ndikugwira ntchito ndi machitidwe anu achilengedwe komanso ogwirizana ndi anthu kuti muwongolere malingaliro anu. IPSRT ndi chithandizo chothandiza kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a bipolar ndi matenda ena a maganizo. Chimayang'ana kwambiri kutsatira mankhwala, kuthana ndi zovuta pamoyo, komanso kuchepetsa kusokonezeka kwa machitidwe ogwirizana ndi anthu (kusintha kwa zochita za tsiku ndi tsiku). IPSRT imakuphunzitsani maluso omwe angakuthandizeni kupewa zochitika zamtsogolo za kusokonezeka maganizo kapena kuvutika maganizo.
• Chithandizo Choyang'ana M'banja: Ichi ndi chithandizo cha akuluakulu ndi ana omwe ali ndi matenda a bipolar ndi osamalira awo. Mu chithandizochi, okondedwa anu amagwira ntchito nanu kuti aphunzire za bipolar, kupititsa patsogolo luso lolankhulana, komanso kuchita maluso othetsera mavuto.
• Chithandizo cha Maganizo (CBT): Ichi ndi mtundu wa chithandizo chokonzedwa bwino, choganizira zolinga. Katswiri wanu wamaganizo amakuthandizani kuyang'ana mozama malingaliro ndi momwe mukumvera. Mudzaphunzira momwe malingaliro anu amakhudzira zochita zanu. Kudzera mu CBT, mutha kuphunzira kusiya malingaliro ndi machitidwe oipa ndikukhala ndi malingaliro ndi zizolowezi zabwino.

Ndi mankhwala ati omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa matenda a bipolar?

Mankhwala ena angathandize kuchepetsa zizindikiro za bipolar. Mungafunike kuyesa mankhwala osiyanasiyana motsogozedwa ndi dokotala wanu kuti mupeze omwe akukuthandizani.

Mankhwala odziwika bwino a matenda a bipolar ndi awa:

• Zolimbitsa Maganizo.
• Mankhwala a m'badwo wachiwiri ("asymplical") a neuroleptics (omwe amatchedwanso antipsychotics).
• Mankhwala oletsa kuvutika maganizo.

Ngati mukumwa mankhwala a matenda a bipolar, kumbukirani zinthu izi:

• Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu kuti mumvetse zoopsa, zotsatirapo zake, ndi ubwino wa mankhwalawo.
• Uzani dokotala wanu za mankhwala ena aliwonse (omwe mwapatsidwa ndi dokotala, omwe mumawagula popanda chilolezo cha dokotala, kapena zakudya zowonjezera) zomwe mukumwa kale.
• Ngati mukukumana ndi zotsatirapo zina zovutitsa, uzani dokotala nthawi yomweyo. Akhoza kusintha mlingo kapena kukupatsani mankhwala ena.
• Kumbukirani kuti mankhwala ochepetsa mphamvu ya bipolar ayenera kumwedwa nthawi zonse, monga momwe mwalangizidwira.

Zolimbitsa Maganizo a Bipolar

Anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la bipolar nthawi zambiri amafunika mankhwala oletsa kusinthasintha kwa malingaliro kuti athetse nthawi ya manic kapena hypomanic.

Mitundu ya zinthu zolimbitsa mtima ndi mayina awo:

• Lithiamu ( Eskalith®, Lithobid®, Lithonate®)
• Valproic acid (Depakene®)
• Divalproex sodium (Depakote®)
• Carbamazepine (Tegretol®, Equetro®)
• Lamotrigine (Lamictal®)

Lithium ndi imodzi mwa mankhwala omwe amaperekedwa komanso ophunziridwa kwambiri a matenda a bipolar. Lithium ndi mchere wopezeka mwachibadwa. Imachepetsa zizindikiro za manic mkati mwa milungu iwiri kuyambira pomwe chithandizo chinayamba, koma zingatenge milungu kapena miyezi kuti zizindikiro za manic zithetsedwe kwathunthu. Pachifukwa ichi, madokotala nthawi zambiri amapereka mankhwala ena, monga antipsychotics kapena antidepressants, kuti athandize kuwongolera zizindikiro.

Lithium nthawi zina ingayambitse mavuto a chithokomiro ndi impso . Choncho dokotala wanu nthawi zonse amafufuza momwe chithokomiro chanu ndi impso zanu zimagwirira ntchito, komanso kuchuluka kwa lithiamu m'magazi mwanu, chifukwa kuchuluka kwa lithiamu kumatha kukwera kwambiri.

Chilichonse chomwe chimachepetsa kuchuluka kwa sodium m'thupi lanu - monga kusintha kudya zakudya zopanda sodium yambiri, thukuta kwambiri, kutentha thupi, kusanza, kapena kutsegula m'mimba - chingayambitse kuti lithiamu ichuluke m'thupi lanu. Dziwani izi ngati mukumwa lithiamu, ndipo uzani dokotala wanu ngati zitachitika.

Izi ndi zizindikiro za poizoni wa lithiamu/kupitirira muyeso . Ngati muli ndi chilichonse mwa izi , imbani dokotala wanu nthawi yomweyo kapena pitani ku chipinda chapafupi chadzidzidzi:

• Kuona zinthu molakwika kapena kuona zinthu ziwiri.
• Kugunda kwa mtima kosakhazikika.
• Kugunda kwa mtima mofulumira kwambiri kapena pang'onopang'ono kwambiri.
• Kuvuta kupuma.
• Kusokonezeka, chizungulire.
• Kugwedezeka kwambiri kapena kugwidwa ndi khunyu.
• Kukodza kwambiri.
• Kusuntha kwa maso kosalamulirika.
• Kutupa kapena kutuluka magazi kosazolowereka.

Mankhwala a neuroleptic a matenda a bipolar

Madokotala nthawi zambiri amapereka mankhwala a m'badwo wachiwiri kapena achilendo a neuroleptics (antipsychotics) pamodzi ndi mankhwala oletsa kusinthasintha maganizo kwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la bipolar. Mankhwalawa amathandiza pa nthawi zonse za kusokonezeka maganizo komanso kuvutika maganizo.

Mankhwala anayi okha mwa awa ndi omwe avomerezedwa ndi US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) kuti athetse vuto la kuvutika maganizo kwa bipolar:

• Cariprazine (Vraylar®)
• Lurasidone (Latuda®)
• Kuphatikiza kwa Olanzapine-fluoxetine (Symbyax®)
• Quetiapine (Seroquel®)

Komabe, mankhwala ena monga Olanzapine (Zyprexa®), Risperidone (Risperdal®), ndi Aripiprazole (Abilify®) nthawi zambiri amaperekedwanso.

Mankhwala oletsa kuvutika maganizo a matenda a bipolar

Madokotala nthawi zina amapereka mankhwala oletsa kuvutika maganizo kuti athetse mavuto a maganizo omwe ali ndi vuto la bipolar. Komabe, pofuna kupewa mavuto amisala, amalembanso mankhwala oletsa kuvutika maganizo pamodzi ndi mankhwala oletsa kuvutika maganizo.

Mankhwala oletsa kuvutika maganizo sagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala okhawo a matenda a bipolar, chifukwa kumwa mankhwala oletsa kuvutika maganizo okha kungayambitse matenda amisala.

Kodi zotsatirapo zoyipa za mankhwala ochepetsa kusinthasintha kwa maganizo (bipolar medication) ndi ziti?

Zotsatira zoyipa za mankhwala ochititsa munthu kusinthasintha maganizo (bipolar medicine) ndizofala, ndipo zimasiyana malinga ndi mankhwala osiyanasiyana. Ndikofunikira kulankhula ndi dokotala wanu za zomwe mungayembekezere kuchokera ku mankhwala omwe mukumwa. Ndikofunikanso kuwauza ngati mukukumana ndi zotsatirapo zake.

Musasiye kumwa mankhwala pokhapokha ngati dokotala wanu wakuuzani. Kusiya kumwa mankhwala mwadzidzidzi kungayambitse zotsatirapo zoyipa komanso kungayambitse matenda aakulu.

Zotsatira zoyipa kwambiri za mankhwala a bipolar ndi izi:

• Kulemera.
• Kusokonekera kwa kagayidwe kachakudya, kuphatikizapo kuchuluka kwa mafuta m'thupi kosazolowereka (dyslipidemia) , kuthamanga kwa magazi (kuthamanga kwa magazi) , ndi shuga wambiri m'magazi (hyperglycemia) .
• Kugona tulo.
• Akathisia - Kumva kusakhazikika, kusakhazikika, komanso chikhumbo champhamvu chosuntha, kugwedezeka, kapena kuyendayenda.

Ndi mankhwala ena ati omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda a bipolar?

Njira zina zothandizira zomwe dokotala wanu angaganizire pochiza matenda a bipolar ndi izi:

• Chithandizo cha Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT): Izi zimaphatikizapo kutumiza mphamvu yamagetsi yochepa kudzera mumutu mwanu kupita ku ubongo wanu, zomwe zimayambitsa khunyu. Izi nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa anthu omwe ali ndi kupsinjika maganizo kwakukulu. ECT ndi yotetezeka kwambiri komanso yothandiza pa kupsinjika maganizo komwe sikuyankha mankhwala kapena kusokonezeka maganizo kwakukulu, komwe kungawononge moyo. Ndi mankhwala abwino kwambiri a kusokonezeka maganizo ngati muli ndi pakati. ECT imachitika pansi pa anesthesia wamba, kotero mumakhala mukugona panthawi yonseyi ndipo simudzamva kupweteka kulikonse.
• Kulimbikitsa Magnetic kwa Transcranial (TMS): Izi zimaphatikizapo kutumiza mphamvu yamagetsi kudzera mu coil yaifupi yamagetsi kupita ku ubongo wanu. Madokotala nthawi zina amagwiritsa ntchito izi pochiza kuvutika maganizo komwe sikuyankha mankhwala. Ndi njira ina m'malo mwa ECT. TMS si yopweteka ndipo siifuna mankhwala oletsa ululu.
• Mankhwala a chithokomiro: Mankhwalawa angathandize kuchepetsa nkhawa. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti ndi othandiza kuchepetsa zizindikiro mwa akazi omwe ali ndi vuto la bipolar lomwe limavuta kuchiza, "loyenda mofulumira".
• Chithandizo cha Ketamine: Mlingo wochepa wa ketamine woperekedwa kudzera m'mitsempha (IV) wawonetsedwa kuti uli ndi mphamvu yochepa yochepetsera kupsinjika maganizo komanso yoletsa kudzipha mwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la bipolar.
• Kugonekedwa m'chipatala: Iyi ndi njira yadzidzidzi yothandizira anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la bipolar. Ndikofunikira ngati munthu ali ndi vuto lalikulu la maganizo kapena la manic ndipo ali pachiwopsezo kwa iye mwini kapena ena.

Kodi kusintha kwa moyo kumathandiza bipolar?

Gulu lanu lachipatala mwina lingakulangizeni kusintha moyo wanu kuti musiye makhalidwe omwe amapangitsa kuti zizindikiro zanu za bipolar zikhale zovuta kwambiri. Zina mwa zosinthazi za moyo wanu ndi izi:

• Siyani kumwa mowa, mankhwala osokoneza bongo, ndi fodya: Ndikofunikira kusiya kumwa mowa ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo (kuphatikizapo fodya) chifukwa izi zingasokoneze mankhwala omwe mukumwa, kuipitsa vuto lanu la bipolar, ndikuwonjezera chiopsezo chanu chotenga matendawa.
• Sungani dayalo kapena tchati cha momwe mukumvera tsiku ndi tsiku: Kulemba malingaliro anu a tsiku ndi tsiku, momwe mukumvera, ndi machitidwe anu kungakuthandizeni kuwona momwe chithandizo chanu chikugwirira ntchito bwino ndikuzindikira zomwe zimayambitsa kusokonezeka maganizo kapena kuvutika maganizo.
• Khalani ndi nthawi yogona bwino:Matenda a bipolar angakhudze kwambiri momwe mumagona, ndipo kusintha kwa momwe mumagona kungayambitse matenda. Pangitsani patsogolo kukhala ndi nthawi yogona nthawi zonse, monga kugona ndi kudzuka nthawi yomweyo tsiku lililonse.
• Kuchita Masewera Olimbitsa Thupi: Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kwawonetsedwa kuti kumathandizira kusintha maganizo ndi thanzi la maganizo. Chifukwa chake, kungathandizenso kuchepetsa zizindikiro za matenda a bipolar. Zotsatira zoyipa za mankhwala a bipolar ndi kunenepa kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kungathandizenso kuchepetsa kunenepa.
• Kusinkhasinkha: Kusinkhasinkha kwawonetsedwa kuti kumathandiza kwambiri pochepetsa kuvutika maganizo, komwe ndi gawo la matenda a bipolar.
• Kusamalira kupsinjika maganizo ndikukhala ndi ubale wabwino: Kupsinjika maganizo ndi nkhawa zimatha kukulitsa zizindikiro mwa anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda a bipolar. Ndikofunikira kuthana ndi kupsinjika maganizo kwanu mwanjira yoyenera ndikuchotsa zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa kupsinjika maganizo ngati n'kotheka. Gawo lalikulu la izi ndikukhala ndi ubale wabwino ndi abwenzi ndi abale othandizira, ndikusiya ubale woopsa womwe umawonjezera kupsinjika m'moyo wanu.

Kodi zizindikiro za matenda a bipolar ndi ziti?

Chiyembekezo cha matenda a bipolar nthawi zambiri chimakhala choipa ngati sichikuchiritsidwa bwino. Komabe, anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda a bipolar akhoza kukhala ndi moyo wokhutiritsa komanso wopindulitsa akalandira chithandizo choyenera.

Matenda a bipolar amachepetsa nthawi yoyembekezera kukhala ndi moyo ndi zaka pafupifupi zisanu ndi zinayi. Pafupifupi munthu m'modzi mwa anthu asanu omwe ali ndi matenda a bipolar amadzipha. Akuti pafupifupi 60% ya anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a bipolar amakhala oledzera ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo kapena mowa.

Ichi ndichifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuti odwala matenda a bipolar apemphe upangiri kwa dokotala ndikudzipereka kulandira chithandizo.

Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala nthawi zonse kungathandize kuchepetsa kusokonezeka maganizo ndi kuvutika maganizo. Ngati mungathe kuzindikira zizindikiro ndi zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa, muli ndi mwayi wopeza chithandizo chabwino komanso njira zothetsera mavuto zomwe zingalepheretse matenda a nthawi yayitali, kugonekedwa m'chipatala, komanso kudzipha.

Kodi matenda a bipolar angapewedwe?

Mwatsoka, chifukwa asayansi sakudziwa chomwe chimayambitsa matenda a bipolar, palibe njira yodziwika yopewera vutoli.

Komabe, ndikofunikira kwambiri kudziwa zizindikiro za matenda a bipolar ndikupempha upangiri wa dokotala posachedwa (Early Intervention) .

Kodi muyenera kupita kwa dokotala liti pankhani ya matenda a bipolar?

Ngati mwapezeka ndi matenda a bipolar disorder, muyenera kukumana ndi gulu lanu lachipatala nthawi zonse m'moyo wanu wonse kuti muwonetsetse kuti chithandizo chanu chikugwira ntchito bwino. Gululi likhoza kuphatikizapo:

• Wopereka chithandizo chanu chachikulu chamankhwala.
• Dokotala wa matenda amisala.
• Katswiri wa zamaganizo kapena Wothandizira.
• Katswiri wa matenda a mitsempha.

Kodi odwala matenda a bipolar ayenera kupita liti ku Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) ?

Ngati muli ndi zochitika ngati izi,Ndikofunikira kuyimbira foni nthawi yomweyo 1990 (ambulansi yadzidzidzi ya ku Sri Lanka) kapena kupita ku chipinda chadzidzidzi chapafupi:

• Maganizo okhudza imfa kapena kudzipha.
• Maganizo kapena mapulani odzivulaza kapena kuvulaza ena.
• Kuona zinthu zisilu ndi kuganiza molakwika.
• Zizindikiro za poizoni wa lithiamu/kupitirira muyeso , monga nseru ndi kusanza kwambiri, kunjenjemera kwambiri kwa manja, chisokonezo, ndi kusintha kwa masomphenya.

Pomaliza, kumbukirani (Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba)

Matenda a bipolar ndi matenda omwe amakhalapo kwa moyo wonse. Koma chithandizo cha nthawi yayitali, monga mankhwala ndi kulankhula, chingakuthandizeni kuthana ndi zizindikiro zanu ndikukhala ndi moyo wathanzi komanso wopindulitsa. Ndikofunikira kukumana ndi gulu lanu lazachipatala nthawi zonse kuti muwone dongosolo lanu la chithandizo ndi zizindikiro zake. Kumbukirani kuti madokotala ndi okondedwa anu alipo kuti akuthandizeni. Musaope kupempha thandizo.

Bipolar , kuvutika maganizo, mania, kuvutika maganizo, thanzi la maganizo, matenda a maganizo, chithandizo