Kodi mukuda nkhawa ndi mapapu anu? Tiyeni tiphunzire za Matenda a Mapapu Akuda!

Tonsefe tikudziwa kuti ntchito zina zimakhala ndi zoopsa zazing'ono. Koma pali ntchito zina, zomwe zoopsa zake sizimaoneka, ndipo zimangoonekera pakapita kanthawi. Matenda ena otere ndi "matenda a black lung". Anthu ogwira ntchito m'migodi ya malasha ndi omwe amakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha matendawa. Uwu si matenda omwe amayamba mwadzidzidzi, koma pang'onopang'ono amayamba kuonekera.

Kodi Matenda a Black Lung ndi chiyani?

Mwachidule, matenda a mapapu akuda ndi vuto lomwe mapapu amatupa ndi kuvulala chifukwa cha kupuma tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta fumbi tomwe timapezeka m'migodi ya malasha. Madokotala amatchanso kuti ``Coal Workers' Pneumoconiosis''. Tangoganizirani, tikamapuma, tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta fumbi timalowa m'mapapu mwathu. Fumbi ili likamasonkhana pakapita nthawi, limayamba kuwononga mapapu. Monga momwe bala laling'ono limasiya chilonda, fumbi ili limayambitsanso zipsera (`(fibrosis)`) m'mapapu. Izi ndi zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kupuma kukhale kovuta.

Ngati mugwa kuchokera pa makwerero, mumamva nthawi yomweyo. Koma matenda akuda a m'mapapo awa sali choncho. Zizindikiro nthawi zina zimawonekera patapita zaka zambiri mutapuma fumbi la malasha. Koma kuwonongeka kwa mapapo kuchokera ku tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta fumbi sikuli kochepa.

Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya matenda a m'mapapo akuda.

Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya matendawa, kutengera nthawi yomwe mudagwira ntchito mumgodi wa malasha komanso kuchuluka kwa fumbi lomwe mudapuma. Zonsezi zimayambitsa mavuto opuma.

1. Matenda a Black Lung: Izi zimachitika pamene madontho ang'onoang'ono akuda amapangika m'mapapu mwanu. Mukayang'ana X-ray kapena CT scan, amaoneka ngati madontho ang'onoang'ono akuda. Pankhaniyi, ndikofunikira kwambiri kutsatira malangizo a dokotala wanu molondola, kumwa mankhwala anu moyenera, kupewa kukhudzana ndi fumbi la malasha, komanso kukaonana ndi dokotala nthawi zonse komanso kuyesedwa m'mapapo. Mukangoyamba kumene matendawa, zimakhala bwino kwa inu. Ndicho chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kukaonana ndi dokotala nthawi zonse.

2. Matenda Ovuta a M'mapapo Akuda: Pankhaniyi, zipsera m'mapapo zimakhala zazikulu ndipo zimatha kufalikira m'dera lalikulu la mapapo. Ngakhale kuti zipserazi sizingachiritsidwe kwathunthu, pali mankhwala omwe angathandize kuchepetsa kusasangalala komwe mukumva. Madokotala amatchanso vutoli `(Progressive Massive Fibrosis)`.

Kodi matendawa ndi ofala bwanji?

Matenda a m'mapapo akuda ndi mtundu wa matenda a m'mapapo otchedwa "interstitial lung disease". Matenda a m'mapapo amkati mwa mapapu awa ndi matenda osowa kwambiri. Komabe, matenda a m'mapapo akuda amapezeka mwa ogwira ntchito m'migodi ya malasha okha. Pakati pawo, matendawa ndi ofala kwambiri. Ngakhale kuti kwa zaka zambiri akhala akudziwika kuti matendawa amayamba chifukwa cha fumbi la malasha, pafupifupi 16% ya ogwira ntchito m'migodi ya malasha akadali ndi matendawa. Mwatsoka, chiwerengerochi chikuwonjezeka.

Kodi zizindikiro za matenda a m'mapapo akuda ndi ziti?

Mungayambe kumva zizindikiro zaka zambiri mutakumana ndi fumbi la malasha. Mwina simungakhale ndi zizindikiro poyamba. Koma ndi vutoli (Coal Workers' Pneumoconiosis), zizindikiro zimatha kuwonjezeka pang'onopang'ono pakapita nthawi. Zizindikiro zazikulu ndi izi:

• Kumva kupsinjika pachifuwa.
• Zimakhala zovuta kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kapena kugwira ntchito yolemetsa.
• Kuvuta kupuma. Tsopano mutha kumva kuti mulibe mpweya ngakhale mutachita ntchito zachizolowezi zomwe munkachita kale popanda khama lililonse.
• Chifuwa. Nthawi zina chifuwachi chingakhale ndi mamina akuda.

Dokotala wanu akamakuyang'anirani, angazindikire phokoso la mluzu kapena kugwedezeka pachifuwa panu mukamapuma. Ngakhale kuti simungathe kudziwa kuchokera kunja kuti muli ndi mapapu akuda, mayeso monga X-ray angathandize dokotala wanu kudziwa ngati ndi mapapu akuda kapena matenda ena a m'mapapo mwa kuyang'ana zizindikiro zenizeni m'mapapu anu.

Kodi n’chiyani chimayambitsa madontho akuda awa m’mapapo?

Sitingathe kuona fumbi lonse lomwe timapuma. Koma fumbi laling'onoli m'migodi ya malasha lili ndi kaboni . Komanso, kutengera komwe mumagwira ntchito mumgodi ndi mtundu wa miyala yomwe mukukumba, fumbi ili lingakhalenso ndi chinthu chotchedwa silica .

Mukapuma fumbi la malasha, tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta fumbi timalowa mkati mwa mapapo anu. Chitetezo chathu cha mthupi chimazindikira izi ngati "zinthu zachilendo." Chifukwa chake, dongosololi limayesetsa kuchotsa tinthuti. Kuyankha kwa chitetezo cha mthupi kumeneku kumayambitsa kutupa ndi zipsera m'mapapo, zomwe pamapeto pake zimayambitsa zizindikiro za matenda a mapapu akuda.

Kodi mapapu anu amasanduka akuda mukasuta chamba?

Kusuta chilichonse sikwabwino m'mapapo mwanu. Zilibe kanthu kaya ndi chamba (kapena chamba), ndudu, ndudu, kapena china chilichonse. Mukasuta, mumapuma tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe tili ndi poizoni, zinthu zoyambitsa matenda m'mapapo, komanso zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa khansa.

Kusuta fodya kungawononge mapapo anu. Kumawonjezeranso chiopsezo chanu chokhala ndi mavuto opuma monga chifuwa chosatha, bronchitis, COPD (matenda osatha obstructive pulmonary disease), ndi khansa ya m'mapapo. Komabe, kusuta fodya sikuyambitsa matenda a Coal Workers' Pneumoconiosis. Matenda a m'mapapo amenewa amayamba chifukwa cha malasha okha.

Kodi kusuta fodya kumachititsa mapapu anu kukhala akuda?

Monga kusuta fodya, kusuta fodya kumawononga mapapo, koma sikumayambitsa mapapo akuda. Komabe, kusuta fodya (ndi kusuta fodya) kungapangitse zizindikiro za mapapo akuda kukhala aakulu.

Koma kusuta fodya kumabwera ndi zoopsa zake. Mukasuta fodya, mumagwiritsa ntchito `vape pen` (yomwe imadziwikanso kuti `e-cigarette`) kuti mutenthe madzi mu `nthunzi` ndikuupumira (ikhoza kukhala fodya, chamba, kapena china chilichonse). Mukasuta fodya, tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe mumasuta timayambitsanso chitetezo chamthupi m'mapapu anu. Koma sichitchedwa matenda a black lung lung. Chingayambitse zipsera m'mapapo, kuwonongeka kwa ziwalo, komanso matenda oopsa otchedwa `(EVALI)` (e-cigarette kapena kuvulala kwa mapapo komwe kumakhudzana ndi kusuta fodya).

Kodi matenda a m'mapapo akuda ndi opatsirana?

Ayi, matenda a m'mapapo akuda si opatsirana. Simungawatenge kuchokera kwa wina, komanso simungawatenge kuchokera kwa wina. Ndipo si matenda a "majini". Njira yokhayo yopezera matenda a m'mapapo akuda ndi kukumba malasha.

Kodi izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kachilombo kapena mabakiteriya?

Ngakhale kuti mungamve kudwala matenda a m'mapapo akuda, si matenda oyambitsidwa ndi kachilombo kapena mabakiteriya. Monga momwe thupi lanu limayankhira ku zinthu zakunja monga mavairasi ndi mabakiteriya, chitetezo chanu cha mthupi chimayatsidwa ndi fumbi lomwe mudapumira mumgodi wa malasha. Poyamba, chitetezo chamthupi ichi chingakupangitseni kumva ngati muli ndi chimfine kapena chimfine.

Kodi mavuto a matenda a m'mapapo akuda ndi otani?

Palinso mavuto ena akuluakulu omwe angachitike chifukwa cha matendawa:

• Chifuwa chachikulu (TB)
• Kulephera kwa mtima
• Khansa ya m'mapapo

Kodi matenda a Chibayo a Ogwira Ntchito Zamakala amawapeza bwanji?

Ngati mukuvutika kupuma, dokotala wanu adzakufunsani za mbiri yanu yachipatala komanso mbiri yanu yantchito. Adzakuyezani thupi. Ngati pakufunika kutero, adzalamulanso mayeso azachipatala.

Ndi mayeso otani omwe amachitidwa kuti adziwe vutoli?

Ngati X-ray ya pachifuwa kapena computed tomography scan (CT scan) ikusonyeza kuti mwina muli ndi mapapu akuda, dokotala wanu angakupatseni mayeso angapo (mayeso a pulmonary function tests) kuti aone momwe mapapu anu akugwirira ntchito. Mayesowa ndi ofunikira kuti mudziwe momwe mapapu akuda akhudzira mapapu anu. Gulu lanu lachipatala likhoza kuyang'ana miyeso iyi pambuyo pake kuti liwone ngati chithandizo chikugwira ntchito kapena ngati vuto lanu likuipiraipira.

Gulu lanu lachipatala likhozanso kuyitanitsa mayeso apadera a magazi otchedwa "arterial blood gas" kuti muwone ngati mpweya uli wochepa. Ngati mukuyesedwa kuti mupeze chipukuta misozi chifukwa cha matenda a m'mapapo akuda, mayesowa angachitike kawiri: kamodzi mutakhala chete ndikupumula, komanso kamodzi mutatha kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi molimbika momwe mungathere.

Kodi matenda a m'mapapo akuda amachiritsidwa bwanji?

Chithandizo cha matenda a m'mapapo akuda cholinga chake ndi kuchepetsa ululu womwe mukumva, sichingathe kuchiritsa matendawa kwathunthu.Kuika mapapo nthawi zina kungachiritse mapapo akuda. Kuphatikiza apo, dokotala wanu akhoza kuthana ndi zizindikiro za mapapo akuda ndi zinthu monga:

• Kuchepetsa kukhudzana ndi malasha.
• Yesetsani kupewa kukwiya kwambiri m'mapapo anu (siyani kusuta fodya ndi kusuta fodya, pezani katemera wanu pa nthawi yake).
• Mankhwala omwe amatsegula njira zopumira mpweya komanso amachepetsa kutupa (ma bronchodilators).
• Kubwezeretsa m'mapapo (`(Kubwezeretsa m'mapapo)`).
• Kupereka mpweya.

Kodi ndingayembekezere chiyani ngati ndili ndi vutoli?

Kupeza matenda monga matenda a black lung disease kungatenge nthawi kuti muzolowere, makamaka ngati mulibe zizindikiro. Matendawa adzakhala nanu moyo wanu wonse.

Ngati muli ndi matenda a m'mapapo akuda ovuta, mungakhale ndi zizindikiro zambiri ndipo muyenera kuwona dokotala wanu pafupipafupi. Mungafunikenso mpweya wowonjezera. Kafukufuku akusonyeza kuti matenda a m'mapapo akuda amafupikitsa nthawi yoti munthu akhale ndi moyo ndi zaka pafupifupi 12.6.

Kodi ndingabwerere kuntchito?

Ngati muli ndi matenda a mapapu akuda, si bwino kupitiriza kugwira ntchito yomwe imafuna fumbi la malasha ambiri. Dokotala wanu angakuthandizeni kulembetsa pulogalamu ya `Gawo 90`, yomwe imakuthandizani kusintha ntchito yanu ndi `fumbi lochepa`. Kutengera ndi momwe zizindikiro zanu zilili zoopsa, mutha kuchita ntchito zina. Mungafunikenso kutenga tchuthi kuntchito pamene simukumva bwino.

Kodi matenda a m'mapapo akuda angapewedwe?

Inde, matenda a m'mapapo akuda amatha kupewedwa. Mwachitsanzo, mabungwe monga OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) ku United States akhazikitsa miyezo yothandizira kupewa matenda a m'mapapo akuda. Ngati mumagwira ntchito mu mgodi wa malasha kapena pafupi ndi mgodi wa malasha, abwana anu ayenera kukhazikitsa njira zochepetsera fumbi la malasha pamalo anu antchito ndikuwonjezera mpweya wabwino. Ngati n'kotheka, kuvala chigoba cha nkhope choyenerera (choyesedwa bwino) kungakuthandizeni kukutetezani ku fumbi.

Mukamaliza ntchito, muyenera kuvala chigoba mpaka mutavula zovala zanu zantchito. Chotsani chigoba musanasambe ndikutsuka bwino tinthu ta malasha pamutu panu ndi pakhungu. Ndibwino kuvala chigoba ngakhale mutatsuka zovala zanu zantchito.

Ndani ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matenda a m'mapapo akuda?

Chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimayambitsa matenda a m'mapapo akuda ndi kugwira ntchito m'migodi ya malasha. Komabe, ngati ndinu (kapena mwakhalapo) mukugwira ntchito m'migodi ya malasha, zinthu zotsatirazi zimawonjezera chiopsezo chanu:

• Ngati mumasuta.
• Ngati mwakhala mukuvutika ndi fumbi lochuluka pamene mukugwira ntchito.
• Ngati mwagwira ntchito m'migodi ya malasha kwa zaka zambiri.
• Ngati mwagwira ntchito m'madera omwe muli fumbi la miyala kapena silica yambiri mu mgodi.

Kodi ndimadzisamalira bwanji?

Ngati muli ndi matenda a m'mapapo akuda, muyenera kuchepetsa kukhudzana ndi zinthu zomwe zingakwiyitse mapapo anu. Izi zikuphatikizapo:

• Siyani kusuta. Izi ndizofunikira pa thanzi lanu lamakono komanso lamtsogolo. Koma sizophweka. Ngati muli ndi COPD ndipo mukusuta, lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za njira zomwe mungapezere thandizo kuti musiye kusuta. Komanso, pewani kukhala pafupi ndi anthu ena omwe amasuta ('utsi wosuta') momwe mungathere.
• Pewani migodi ya malasha. Kupuma mpweya wambiri wa malasha ndi tinthu ta silika kungapangitse kuti vuto lanu likhale loipa kwambiri.
• Samalani ndi nyengo. Makamaka, onani Air Quality Index (AQI), yomwe nthawi zambiri imanenedwa ndi momwe nyengo imayendere. Ngati AQI "siili bwino kwa magulu omwe ali ndi vuto ladzidzidzi" kapena yoyipa kwambiri, yesani kukhala m'nyumba mpaka itasintha - ndipo valani chigoba ngati mutuluka panja.
• Pewani matenda. Matenda opatsirana popuma angapangitse kuti vuto lanu likhale loipa kwambiri. Pezani katemera wa chimfine, chibayo cha pneumococcal, ndi COVID-19 pa nthawi yake. Komanso, ganizirani kuvala chophimba nkhope mukatuluka kunja nthawi ya chimfine.
• Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, koma samalani. Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za masewera olimbitsa thupi omwe mungachite, momwe muyenera kudzilimbikitsira, komanso momwe mungadziwire ngati mukudzikakamiza kwambiri.
• Konzani zoti mudziteteze ku matenda. Palibe amene amakonda kuganizira zoti mudwale mukakhala bwino. Koma kukhala ndi dongosolo la momwe mungathanirane ndi matenda kungakuthandizeni kupewa kufunafuna thandizo lachipatala mukakhala kuti mukuvutika maganizo kwambiri.

Ndiyenera kupita liti kwa dokotala wanga?

Dokotala wanu adzafuna kukuonani nthawi zonse kuti akakuoneni. Iye ndiye munthu wabwino kwambiri woti mumufunse za nthawi ndi komwe muyenera kupeza thandizo lachipatala.

Ndi mafunso ati omwe ndiyenera kufunsa dokotala wanga?

• Kodi vuto langa ndi loipa bwanji?
• Kodi ndi mankhwala ati omwe ndikufunika? Kodi pali zotsatirapo zake?
• Kodi pali njira yoti ndichite masewera olimbitsa thupi mosamala?
• Kodi ndiyenera kuyezetsa matenda a mapapu akuda kangati?
• Ndiyenera kuchita chiyani ngati ndayamba kudwala matenda a mtima?
• Kodi ndikufunika kuikidwa mapapo?

Kodi ndiyenera kupita ku chipinda chadzidzidzi liti (ER)?

Ngati muli ndi vuto lopuma pang'ono kapena lachilendo, kapena ngati milomo yanu, manja, kapena mapazi anu asintha kukhala abuluu (cyanosis), funani thandizo lachipatala mwamsanga.

Kodi matenda a m'mapapo akuda ndi chifuwa chachikulu?

Ayi, matenda a m'mapapo akuda si chifuwa chachikulu (TB). Chifuwa chachikulu ndi matenda omwe amayamba chifukwa cha mabakiteriya otchedwa Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Ndi opatsirana, koma safalikira mosavuta pakati pa anthu.

Mukakhala ndi matenda a m'mapapo akuda, chitetezo chamthupi chanu chimafooka, kotero mumakhala ndi mwayi wopeza chifuwa chachikulu. Zizindikiro zina za chifuwa chachikulu ndi matenda a m'mapapo akuda ndi zofanana: chifuwa, kupweteka pachifuwa, ndi phlegm. Koma matenda a m'mapapo akuda si matenda. Ngati muli ndi matenda a m'mapapo akuda opanda chifuwa chachikulu, nthawi zambiri simudzakhala ndi malungo kapena thukuta usiku.

Kodi matenda a m'mapapo akuda ndi chilema?

Zimadalira zinthu zingapo. M'maiko ngati United States, kulumala ndi nkhani yalamulo. Funso lalikulu apa ndi ili: Kodi tsopano mungathe kugwira ntchito yomwe munkagwira ntchito mu migodi ya malasha? Dokotala wanu adzafunika kunena kuchuluka kwa matenda a mapapo akuda, zizindikiro zanu, komanso momwe mungawathetsere ndi mankhwala. Kuti alandire phindu la matenda a mapapo akuda, migodi iyenera kuyesedwa mwapadera yotchedwa `413b examination`. Iyi ndi mayeso omwe amachitidwa ndi madokotala omwe aphunzitsidwa bwino kufufuza migodi ya malasha.

Nthawi zina, mungamve ngati pali anthu ambiri omwe amakuuzani momwe mungagwirire ntchito yanu. Koma palibe amene ayenera kudwala chifukwa cha zinthu zosatetezeka. Ndicho chifukwa chake pali malamulo - kuti akuthandizeni kugwira ntchito mosamala. Ngakhale kuti pali zoyesayesa zonsezi zokhudzana ndi chitetezo kuntchito, pafupifupi 16% ya ogwira ntchito m'migodi ya malasha (ndiye munthu m'modzi pa 6) amadwala matenda a mapapu akuda.

Ngakhale mutamva bwino ndi mankhwala ndi kusintha kwa moyo wanu, matenda a black mapapu angakhale ovuta kuwalandira, makamaka ngati mwaona anzanu ndi anzanu akudwala matendawa. Ngati mwangopezeka ndi matendawa, kapena ngati zizindikiro zanu zikukulirakulira ndipo mukuvutika kuthana ndi vutoli, onani dokotala wanu. Iye akhoza kuwunika thanzi lanu ndikupangira magulu othandizira ndi njira zothandizira zomwe zingakuthandizeni.

Pomaliza, kumbukirani (Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba)

Matenda a m'mapapo akuda ndi matenda oopsa, omwe amakhudza moyo wonse chifukwa chopuma fumbi lochokera m'migodi ya malasha. Njira yabwino yopewera matendawa ndikutsatira njira zodzitetezera ndikuchepetsa kukhudzana ndi fumbi.

• Ngati mumagwira ntchito mumakampani okhudzana ndi malasha, nthawi zonse dziwani za chitetezo chanu. Valani zophimba nkhope zoyenera ndipo tsatirani malangizo achitetezo omwe kampani yanu yapereka.
• Ngati muyamba zizindikiro, funsani upangiri wa dokotala nthawi yomweyo. Kuzindikira matendawa msanga ndi chithandizo kungathandize kupewa kupitirira kwa matendawa komanso mavuto ena.
• Pewani kusuta fodya kotheratu. Kudzawononga kwambiri thanzi la mapapo anu.
• Tsatirani malangizo a dokotala ndi njira zochiritsira molondola.

Thanzi lanu ndi udindo wanu. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kwambiri kudziwa izi ndikuchitapo kanthu kofunikira.

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