Kodi mwamvanso za kukula kwa maselo osazolowereka m'chiberekero? (Cervical Dysplasia) Musachite mantha, tiyeni tikambirane za izi!

Ndizachilendo kumva mantha pang'ono lipoti lanu la mayeso a Pap likunena kuti pali kusintha kwa maselo a chiberekero chanu. Mungaganize kuti, "Sindikudziwa ngati ndi khansa." Koma musadandaule. Nthawi zambiri, vuto ili lotchedwa 'cervical dysplasia' si khansa, koma vuto la khansa lisanafike. Tiyeni tikambirane izi mosavuta, m'njira yomwe mungamvetse.

Kodi dysplasia ya chiberekero ndi chiyani?

Mwachidule, ndi kukula kwa maselo osazolowereka pamwamba pa chiberekero chanu. Mukudziwa, chiberekero ndi khomo la chiberekero chanu, lomwe limalumikizidwa pamwamba pa nyini yanu. Chimatchedwanso cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, kapena (CIN). 'Intraepithelial' zikutanthauza kuti maselo osazolowereka amakhala mu minofu ya epithelial ya chiberekero chokha, ndipo sanafalikire kupitirira pamenepo. 'Neoplasia' amatanthauza kukula kosazolowereka kwa maselo.

Taganizirani ngati kusintha pang'ono pamwamba pa khungu lathu. Nthawi zina kumatha kuchira kokha, kapena kumatha kuchiritsidwa ndi chithandizo chaching'ono.

Kodi vutoli ndi lalikulu bwanji? Kodi tiyenera kuopa?

N’zoona kuti mawu oti "precancerous" akhoza kukhala oopsa. Koma chofunika ndi chakuti si aliyense amene ali ndi cervical dysplasia amene adzadwala khansa. Kupezeka ndi vutoli kumatanthauza kuti ngati simulandira chithandizo chofunikira, mutha, ndipo ndikutanthauza kuti, mungadwale khansa ya cervical yokha. Ngakhale khansa itakula, zimatenga zaka zambiri kuti ikule. Choncho dokotala wanu ali ndi nthawi yokwanira yopezera madera ovutawa ndikuwachotsa. Choncho ndikofunikira kuti musachite mantha ndikutsatira malangizo a dokotala wanu.

Kodi njira zogaŵira kukula kwachilendo kwa maselo kumeneku ndi ziti?

Kale, vutoli linkagawidwa m'magulu a 'ofatsa', 'ochepa', kapena 'ovuta', kutengera momwe maselo osazolowereka angasinthire kukhala khansa. Koma tsopano pali njira yatsopano yogawa kuopsa kwake. Kutengera kuchuluka kwa maselo osazolowereka omwe afalikira kupitirira minofu ya pamwamba pa chiberekero chanu. Izi zimatchedwa gulu la ``CIN''. Ndi sikelo kuyambira pa chimodzi mpaka zitatu.

• CIN 1: Izi zikutanthauza kuti pali maselo osazolowereka pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a makulidwe a minofu ya pamwamba pa chiberekero.
• CIN 2: Apa, maselo osazolowereka amatha kufalikira pa dera la gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu mpaka magawo awiri mwa atatu a makulidwe a minofu.
• CIN 3: Mu izi, maselo osazolowereka amaphimba kupitirira magawo awiri mwa atatu a makulidwe a minofu.

Tsopano, onani, vuto la `(CIN 1)` nthawi zambiri silimakhala khansa. Komanso, nthawi zambiri limakhala bwino lokha. Komabe, matenda a `(CIN 2)` ndi `(CIN 3)` nthawi zambiri amafunika chithandizo kuti apewe khansa.

Ndani amene akukhudzidwa kwambiri ndi vutoli?

Matenda a m'chiberekero amakhudza akazi okonda kugonana. Amafala kwambiri mwa akazi omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka Human Papillomavirus (HPV). Kodi mukudziwa kuti HPV ndi imodzi mwa matenda opatsirana pogonana omwe amafala kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi?

Vutoli limapezeka kwambiri pakati pa akazi azaka zapakati pa 25 ndi 35, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ali ndi msinkhu wobereka.

Kodi zizindikiro za izi ndi ziti? Kodi mukudziwa bwanji?

Nthawi zambiri , cervical dysplasia siimayambitsa zizindikiro zilizonse. Dokotala wanu amangopeza maselo osazolowereka panthawi yoyezetsa magazi ya Pap. Ichi ndichifukwa chake ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti mayeso anu a Pap achitike panthawi yake. Komabe, nthawi zina mungazindikire zinthu monga kutuluka magazi kapena kutuluka magazi mutagonana.

N’chifukwa chiyani vutoli limachitika? Kodi chifukwa chachikulu n’chiyani?

Chifukwa chachikulu cha izi ndi matenda a kachilombo ka `(HPV)`. Kachiromboka kamafalikira kudzera mu kugonana. Nthawi zambiri, chitetezo cha mthupi lanu chimatha kuchotsa kachilomboka. Pali mitundu yoposa 100 ya kachilombo ka `(HPV)`. Mwa izi, mitundu ina, monga `(HPV-16)` ndi `(HPV-18)`, imakhala ndi mwayi waukulu wokhudza matenda a ziwalo zanu zoberekera ndikuyambitsa kukula kwa maselo m'chiberekero (Cervical Dysplasia).

Asayansi akuyerekeza kuti akazi opitilira 75% omwe amachita zogonana adzatenga kachilombo ka HPV nthawi ina m'miyoyo yawo. Nthawi yofala kwambiri ya matendawa ndi yapakati pa zaka 15 ndi 25. Komabe, matenda ambiriwa amatha okha popanda kuyambitsa mavuto okhazikika. Nthawi zambiri, maselo osazolowereka amakula pakapita nthawi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale vuto lotchedwa cervical dysplasia.

Chofunika: Kukhala ndi kachilombo ka HPV sikutanthauza kuti mudzakhala ndi vuto la cervical dysplasia.

Chifukwa chenicheni chomwe amayi ena amakhalira ndi vuto la cervical dysplasia akadwala HPV ndipo ena sali nalo sichikudziwikabe. Komabe, mitundu ina ya HPV yomwe ili pachiwopsezo chachikulu komanso nthawi yomwe matendawa amatha ingathandize. Kuphatikiza apo, pali zinthu zina zingapo zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa:

• Zaka zoposa 55: Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti matenda a HPV amakhala nthawi yayitali mwa akazi opitirira zaka 55. Matendawa amatha msanga kwa omwe ali ndi zaka zosakwana 25.
• Kusuta: Anthu omwe amasuta ndudu ndi kugwiritsa ntchito fodya akhoza kuwirikiza kawiri chiopsezo chawo chokhala ndi maselo olakwika a m'chiberekero.
• Chitetezo chamthupi chofooka: Ngati mukumwa mankhwala oletsa chitetezo chamthupi, thupi lanu likhoza kukhala ndi vuto lolimbana ndi matenda a HPV. Komanso, ngati muli ndi kachilombo ka HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus), zingathandizenso kuchepetsa mphamvu ya thupi lanu yolimbana ndi matenda. Ngati muli ndi chitetezo chamthupi chofooka ndipo mutenga HPV, mutha kukhala ndi cervical dysplasia.

Kodi matendawa amapezeka bwanji? (Kuzindikira)

Mwina dokotala wanu adzaona zizindikiro za vutoli panthawi yoyezetsa magazi ya Pap. Ngati zotsatira za mayeso a Pap sizikudziwika bwino kapena zikusonyeza maselo osazolowereka, sitepe yotsatira ingakhale colposcopy, yomwe ndi mayeso oyezetsa khomo lachiberekero lanu.

Mayeso a ``(colposcopy)`` awa akhoza kuchitidwa mu ofesi ya dokotala wanu. Mu mayesowa, dokotalayo amagwiritsa ntchito chida chowunikira chotchedwa ``colposcope`` kuti aone maselo osazolowereka pa khomo la chiberekero kapena m'makoma a nyini yanu.

Dokotala angatengenso chitsanzo cha minofu (biopsy) ndikutumiza ku labu kuti akaphunzire zambiri za maselo amenewa. Nthawi zina, mayeso a DNA angachitike kuti aone mitundu ya HPV yomwe ili pachiwopsezo chachikulu.

Kodi mankhwala a izi ndi otani? (Chithandizo)

Chithandizo chimadalira zinthu zambiri. Kuopsa kwa cervical dysplasia yanu, zaka zanu, thanzi lanu, ndi njira zomwe mumakonda zochiritsira. Kumbukirani kuti njira zina zochiritsira cervical dysplasia zingakhudze kuthekera kwanu kutenga pakati mtsogolo. Chifukwa chake, ngati muli ndi pakati kapena mukukonzekera kutenga pakati mtsogolo, lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za njira zomwe mungasankhe zochiritsira.

Kuyang'anira maselo osazolowereka

Ngati muli ndi vuto losaopsa kwambiri lotchedwa `Cervical Dysplasia` (CIN 1), mwina simungafunike chithandizo. Nthawi zambiri, vutoli limatha lokha. Gawo laling'ono kwambiri la matendawa limasanduka khansa ya pachibelekero, pafupifupi 1%. Chifukwa chake, dokotala wanu angakulangizeni kuti muyese mayeso a Pap nthawi zonse kuti muwone ngati maselo asintha molakwika.

Kuchotsa kapena kuwononga maselo osadziwika bwino

Ngati vuto lanu la cervical dysplasia ndi lalikulu kwambiri (CIN 2 kapena CIN 3), dokotala wanu akhoza kuchotsa kapena kuwononga maselo osazolowereka omwe angakhale khansa.

Pali njira zingapo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa izi:

• Njira Yochotsera Matenda a Lupu ndi Electrosurgical Excision (LEEP): Mu njira iyi, waya wochepa, wodzaza ndi magetsi umagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchotsa minofu yosazolowereka. Njirayi ingatengenso zitsanzo za minofu kuti ikayesedwenso. Pakati pa 1% ndi 2% ya akazi akhoza kukhala ndi mavuto pambuyo pa njirayi, monga kutuluka magazi mochedwa kapena kuchepa kwa chiberekero (stenosis).
• Kujambula chithunzi cha khosi la mbewa yozizira (conization): Mu njirayi, dokotala amachotsa chidutswa cha minofu yooneka ngati khosi chomwe chili ndi maselo osazolowereka. Njirayi idagwiritsidwa ntchito kale pochiza dysplasia ya khosi, koma tsopano ikugwiritsidwa ntchito pa milandu yoopsa kwambiri. Njirayi ingatengenso chitsanzo cha minofu kuti ikayesedwenso. Komabe, ili ndi chiopsezo chachikulu cha zovuta, monga kuchepa kwa khosi la chiberekero ndi kutuluka magazi pambuyo pa opaleshoni.
• Kuchotsa mimba: Uku ndi kuchotsa chiberekero chonse. Ngati dysplasia ya chiberekero ikupitirira kapena sikuchira pambuyo pa chithandizo china, kuchotsa mimba kungakhale njira ina.

Kodi vutoli lingachiritsidwe kwathunthu?

Inde, ndithudi! Pafupifupi 90% ya milandu yonse ya `(Cervical Dysplasia)` imatha kuchiritsidwa pochotsa kapena kuwononga maselo osazolowereka. `(Cervical Dysplasia)` nthawi zambiri imakula kukhala khansa. Ngakhale itachitika, imakula pang'onopang'ono kwambiri. Choncho pali nthawi yokwanira kuti dokotala alowererepo ndikuchiza.

Kodi mungadziteteze bwanji ku vutoli? (Kupewa)

Njira yokhayo yopewera cervical dysplasia ndikupewa matenda a HPV. Ngati muli kale ndi HPV, kupeza mayeso a Pap nthawi zonse kungakuthandizeni kuchepetsa chiopsezo chanu chokhala ndi khansa ya pachibelekero. Mayeso a Pap sangalepheretse cervical dysplasia, koma angathandize kuzindikira cervical dysplasia msanga ndikuletsa kuti isakule kukhala khansa.

Nazi zina mwa zinthu zomwe mungachite:

• Pezani katemera wa HPV: Njira yabwino yopewera HPV ndi dysplasia ya m'chiberekero ndikutenga katemera. FDA yavomereza katemera atatu omwe amateteza ku mitundu ya HPV yomwe imagwirizana kwambiri ndi dysplasia ya m'chiberekero: Gardasil®, Gardasil 9®, ndi Cervarix®. CDC imalimbikitsa kuti aliyense wazaka zapakati pa 9 ndi 26 alandire katemera. Ngati muli ndi zaka zapakati pa 27 ndi 45, lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za ubwino wopeza katemera. Katemerayu sangachiritse anthu omwe ali ndi HPV kapena dysplasia ya m'chiberekero, koma angathandize kupewa matenda ena mtsogolo.
• Kupewa kugonana kapena kuchita zogonana zodzitetezera: Mutha kupewa matenda a HPV mwa kupewa kugonana, kuphatikizapo kugonana m'mimba, kumatako, ndi mkamwa. Muthanso kuchepetsa chiopsezo chanu mwa kuchita zogonana zodzitetezera. Gwiritsani ntchito makondomu kapena madamu a mano panthawi yogonana. Chepetsani chiwerengero cha ogonana nawo.
• Pezani mayeso a Pap nthawi zonse: Muyenera kuchita mayeso anu oyamba a Pap muli ndi zaka 21. Ngati mayeso anu a Pap ndi abwinobwino, malangizo omwe alipo pano ndi akuti muyenera kuchita mayeso a Pap zaka zitatu zilizonse kuyambira ali ndi zaka 21 mpaka 29. Ngati muli ndi zaka zapakati pa 30 ndi 65, muyenera kuchita mayeso a Pap ndi HPV zaka zisanu zilizonse.
• Pewani kusuta fodya ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zopangidwa ndi fodya: Ngati ndinu wosuta fodya, muli ndi mwayi waukulu wopeza matenda a HPV, makamaka cervical dysplasia, matenda oopsa.

Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani ndikakhala ndi vutoli?

Ngati atapezeka msanga, kuchuluka kwa mankhwala a cervical dysplasia kumakhala kwakukulu kwambiri. Kwa amayi omwe ali ndi dysplasia yomwe ili pachiwopsezo chachikulu, chiopsezo chotenga khansa ya cervical chimachepa ndi 95% mkati mwa zaka zisanu ndi zitatu zoyambirira mutalandira chithandizo.

Mukapezeka ndi cervical dysplasia, dokotala wanu adzayang'anira thanzi lanu mosamala kuti aone ngati maselo osazolowereka akulanso kapena kukhala khansa. Muyeneranso kuyesedwa pafupipafupi kwa Pap ndi HPV. Pambuyo pa chithandizo, dokotala wanu angakulangizeni kuti muyesedwe Pap miyezi itatu kapena isanu ndi umodzi iliyonse kwa chaka chimodzi kapena ziwiri. Pambuyo pake, mutha kuyezetsa Pap chaka chilichonse.

Ndi mafunso ati omwe ndiyenera kufunsa dokotala wanga?

Mukazindikira kuti muli ndi vuto la cervical dysplasia, ndi zachilendo kukhala ndi mafunso ambiri m'maganizo mwanu. Nazi mafunso ena omwe mungafunse dokotala wanu:

• Kodi ndiyenera kulandira katemera wa HPV?
• Kodi vuto langa la `(Cervical Dysplasia)` ndi lalikulu bwanji?
• Kodi ndili pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga khansa ya pachibelekero?
• Kodi vuto ili `(Cervical Dysplasia)` lidzakhudza bwanji mimba yanga? (Ngati muli ndi pakati kapena mukuyembekezera kutenga mimba)
• Ndi mayeso ati omwe ndiyenera kuchita kuti ndione momwe ndikumvera? Ndiyenera kuchita nawo kangati?
• Kodi mankhwala a `(Cervical Dysplasia)` angakhudze bwanji kuthekera kwanga kutenga pakati mtsogolo?

Kumbukirani, musaope kufunsa dokotala wanu mafunso aliwonse omwe muli nawo, ngakhale atakhala ang'onoang'ono bwanji. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kudziwa za thanzi lanu.

Pomaliza, zomwe muyenera kukumbukira (Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba)

Ndizachibadwa kuchita mantha mukazindikira kuti muli ndi vuto la khansa lotchedwa ``Cervical Dysplasia'' pachibelekero chanu. Komabe, kumbukirani kuti izi sizimayambitsa khansa nthawi zonse . Ngati zapezeka msanga ndikuchiritsidwa bwino, khansa ya pachibelekero ikhoza kupewedwa.

Choncho, dzitetezeni ku matenda a HPV. Pezani katemera wa HPV. Chitani zogonana zotetezeka. Musaphonye mayeso a Pap. Samalani thanzi lanu! Simuli nokha, dokotala wanu alipo kuti alankhule nanu ndikupeza thandizo.

Kusakhazikika kwa chiberekero , maselo osakhazikika a chiberekero, HPV, mayeso a Pap, thanzi la akazi, vuto la khansa, khansa ya chiberekero