Dokotala wanu akakuuzani kuti mulingo wa cholesterol m'magazi mwanu ndi wokwera, chinthu choyamba chomwe muyenera kuchita ndikusintha zakudya zanu ndi moyo wanu. Izi zikutanthauza kuchepetsa mafuta okhuta, kuchotsa mafuta osinthika kwathunthu, kuchepetsa shuga, ndikuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse. Ngati muchita izi, koma cholesterol yanu "yoyipa", kapena LDL cholesterol , siitsika momwe mukufunira, dokotala wanu mwina angakuuzeni kuti muyambe kumwa mankhwala. Koma kumbukirani, ngakhale mutamwa mankhwala, muyenerabe kupitiriza zizolowezi zabwino zomwe mudatchula kale.
Tsopano tiyeni tiwone mankhwala omwe madokotala amapereka kuti achepetse cholesterol ya LDL ndi momwe amagwirira ntchito.
Mitundu yayikulu ya mankhwala ochepetsa cholesterol
Pali mitundu ingapo ya mankhwala omwe amaperekedwa kuti achepetse cholesterol. Tiyeni tikambirane za mankhwala aliwonse padera.
Mankhwala a Statin
Awa ndi mankhwala oyamba omwe madokotala nthawi zambiri amapereka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi cholesterol yambiri. Mankhwalawa amachepetsa cholesterol yoyipa (LDL). Amathandizanso kuchepetsa triglycerides, mtundu wina wa mafuta m'magazi, ndikuwonjezera pang'ono cholesterol yanu "yabwino" (HDL).
Kafukufuku wapeza kuti chiopsezo chotenga matenda okhudzana ndi mtima monga matenda a mtima chimachepa kwambiri mukamagwiritsa ntchito ma statins.
Zitsanzo za mankhwala a statin:
- Atorvastatin (Atorvaliq, Lipitor)
- Fluvastatin (Lescol)
- Lovastatin
- Pitavastatin (Livalo)
- Pravastatin (Pravachol)
- Rosuvastatin calcium (Crestor)
- Simvastatin (Zocor)
Zotsatirapo Zake: Anthu ena akhoza kukhala ndi mavuto a m'mimba (monga kupweteka m'mimba ndi kudzimbidwa), kuwonongeka kwa chiwindi (kawirikawiri), komanso kutupa kwa minofu. Pakhoza kukhalanso kuwonjezeka pang'ono kwa chiopsezo cha shuga wambiri m'magazi ndi matenda a shuga amtundu wachiwiri. Komabe, FDA imati ubwino wa mankhwalawa ndi woposa zoopsa zake.
Chofunika kwambiri: Ngati mukumwa mankhwala a statin, pewani kudya mphesa ndi kumwa madzi a mphesa konse, chifukwa mphesa zimatha kupangitsa kuti thupi lanu lisayamwe mankhwalawa.
Mankhwala ogwira ntchito m'matumbo
Mankhwalawa akhoza kugawidwa m'magulu awiri akuluakulu.
1. Ma Resin a Bile Acid
Mankhwalawa amagwira ntchito m'matumbo mwanu. Mwachidule, amamangirira ku ndulu, yomwe imatulutsidwa ndi chiwindi, ndipo imaletsa kuti isalowenso m'magazi. Ndulu imapangidwa makamaka ndi cholesterol. Choncho njirayi imachepetsa kuchuluka kwa cholesterol m'thupi.
- Zitsanzo: Cholestyramine (Prevalite), Colesevelam (WelChol), Colestipol (Colestid)
- Zotsatirapo zake: Kudzimbidwa, kudzimbidwa, ndi kusokonezeka m'mimba ndizomwe zimafala kwambiri.
2. Ezetimibe (Zetia)
Uwu ndi mtundu wina wa mankhwala. Ezetimibe imagwira ntchito poletsa kuyamwa kwa cholesterol m'matumbo anu ang'onoang'ono. Nthawi zambiri imaperekedwa pamodzi ndi statin. Zapezeka kuti mwa anthu omwe adadwala matenda a mtima, kumwa mankhwalawa ndi statin kungachepetse pang'ono chiopsezo cha matenda ena a mtima.
- Zotsatirapo zake: Kupweteka kwa minofu, kupweteka kwa msana, kutsegula m'mimba, ndi kupweteka m'mimba kungachitike.
Mankhwala ena ochepetsa cholesterol
Kuwonjezera pa mankhwala omwe atchulidwa pamwambapa, tidzakhalanso ndi mankhwala ena angapo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazochitika zapadera.
| Mtundu wa mankhwala | Kufotokozera ndi kugwiritsa ntchito |
|---|---|
| Zoletsa za PCSK9 Mwachitsanzo: Alirocumab (Praluent), Evolocumab (Repatha) | Mankhwala awa ndi mtundu watsopano wa mankhwala. Amaperekedwa kwa anthu omwe kuchuluka kwa cholesterol m'thupi sikungathe kulamulidwa ndi kusintha kwa moyo wawo komanso ma statin. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwonjezera pa ma statin, makamaka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la majini lomwe limayambitsa cholesterol yambiri (Heterozygous Familyal Hypercholesterolemia - HeFH) komanso kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a mtima. Amaperekedwa jakisoni milungu iwiri iliyonse. |
| Niacin (vitamini B3) Mwachitsanzo: Niaspan, Niacor | Ichi ndi vitamini B. Ikaperekedwa ngati mankhwala ambiri, imachepetsa LDL ndikuwonjezera HDL. Komabe, palibe umboni woti kumwa niacin ndi statin kumachepetsanso chiopsezo cha matenda a mtima. |
| Ma Fibrate Mwachitsanzo: Fenofibrate, Gemfibrozil (Lopid) | Izi zimathandiza kwambiri kuchepetsa mafuta otchedwa triglycerides. Zingathenso kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa cholesterol yabwino (HDL). |
| Zoletsa za ACL Mwachitsanzo: Bempedoic (Nexletol) | Mankhwalawa amagwira ntchito poletsa kupanga cholesterol m'chiwindi. Amaperekedwanso makamaka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi HeFH ndi matenda a mtima ndi mitsempha yamagazi otchedwa atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). |
Mawu ochepa okhudza Omega-3s
Anthu ena amaganiza kuti mafuta owonjezera a nsomba amatha kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda a mtima. Koma palibe umboni womveka bwino wa izi. Komabe, mafuta owonjezera a omega-3 omwe amaperekedwa ndi dokotala amatha kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa triglycerides. Chifukwa chake, musagule makapisozi a mafuta a nsomba ku pharmacy ndikuwatenga nokha. Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za izi.
Samalani ndi zinthu izi mukamagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala
Mukamamwa mankhwala a cholesterol, ndikofunikira kwambiri kutsatira malangizo a dokotala wanu molondola. Ngati simumwa bwino, simudzapeza phindu lonse la mankhwalawa.
- Dziwani bwino lomwe chomwe mukumwa mankhwalawo. Dziwani bwino za matenda anu komanso momwe mankhwalawo amagwirira ntchito.
- Imwani mankhwala anu nthawi yomweyo tsiku lililonse. Chitani izi chizolowezi.
- Musasiye kumwa mankhwala anu kapena kusintha mlingo popanda kulankhula ndi dokotala wanu. Ngakhale mutakhala bwino tsopano, imwani mankhwala anu monga momwe mwalangizidwira mpaka dokotala wanu atakuuzani.
- Pangani ndondomeko ya kumwa mankhwala anu. N'zosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito bokosi la mapiritsi lolembedwa masiku a sabata. Lembani kumayambiriro kwa sabata.
- Ngati mtengo uli wovuta, lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu. Musachepetse mlingo wanu kuti musunge ndalama. Kuchita zimenezi sikudzapereka zotsatira.
- Musagwiritse ntchito mankhwala ena aliwonse omwe mumagula kapena mankhwala azitsamba popanda kufunsa dokotala wanu kaye. Zinthu zina zingakhudze mankhwala anu a cholesterol.
- Ngati mwaphonya mlingo, imwani mwamsanga mukangokumbukira. Komabe, ngati nthawi yanu yotsatira yayandikira, dumphani mlingo womwe mwaphonya ndikumwa panthawi ina. Funsani dokotala wanu za izi pasadakhale.
- Mukayenda, sungani mankhwala anu pafupi. Ngati mukuyenda kwa masiku angapo, imwani mankhwala okwana sabata imodzi ndi kopi ya mankhwala omwe mwalandira.
- Musanachite opaleshoni pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oletsa ululu, monga kuchotsa dzino, uzani dokotala za mankhwala omwe mukumwa.
- Funsani dokotala wanu za kumwa mowa. Mowa ukhoza kuwonjezera zotsatirapo zoyipa za mankhwala ena ndikuchepetsa mphamvu yake.
- Ngati mukuvutika kumvetsa zomwe dokotala akunena, tengani mnzanu wodalirika kapena wachibale wanu.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Chinthu choyamba komanso chofunikira kwambiri choletsa cholesterol ndikukhala ndi zakudya zabwino komanso moyo wochita masewera olimbitsa thupi .
- Mankhwala ndi chithandizo cha moyo umenewo. Musasiye zizolowezi zabwino chifukwa choti mukumwa mankhwala.
- Imwani mankhwala omwe dokotala wanu wakupatsani, mu mlingo woyenera, panthawi yoyenera, kwa nthawi yoyenera. Musasiye kumwa nokha.
- Ngati mukumva kusasangalala kapena zotsatirapo zina zachilendo chifukwa cha mankhwala, dziwitsani dokotala wanu nthawi yomweyo.
- Uzani dokotala wanu za mankhwala ena aliwonse kapena zowonjezera zomwe mukumwa.
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