Kodi mankhwala a khansa ya m'matumbo ya Gawo IV ndi ati?

N'zovuta kufotokoza mantha ndi mantha omwe amabwera chifukwa chopezeka ndi khansa ya Gawo Lachinayi. Ndizachilendo kudzifunsa kuti, "Kodi zonse zatha tsopano?" Koma ndikuuzeni, sizinathe. Sayansi ya zamankhwala yapita patsogolo kwambiri. Ngakhale pa siteji iyi, pali mankhwala ambiri omwe angakuthandizeni kukhala ndi moyo wautali, kuwongolera zizindikiro zanu, komanso kukhala ndi thanzi labwino. Tiyeni tikambirane izi mosavuta, m'njira yomwe mungamvetse.

Kodi 'Gawo Lachinayi' ndi chiyani?

Mwachidule, Gawo Lachinayi limatanthauza kuti khansa yafalikira kupitirira m'matumbo , komwe idayambira. Izi nthawi zambiri zimafalikira ku chiwindi . Ikhozanso kufalikira ku mapapo, m'mimba, kapena m'malo ena am'thupi.

Zingakhale zovuta kupeza machiritso athunthu panthawiyi. Komabe, ngati khansa yafalikira kumadera ochepa okha, nthawi zina opaleshoni ingachitike kuti ichotsedwe kwathunthu ndikuchiritsa matendawa. Chifukwa chake, ndi bwino kuonana ndi dokotala yemwe ndi katswiri wochiza matenda amtundu uwu. Chithandizo chomwe mumalandira chidzadalira zinthu zambiri, monga komwe khansa ili, zaka zanu, komanso thanzi lanu lonse.

Pali njira zingapo zazikulu zochizira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito:

• Opaleshoni
• Mankhwala a Chemotherapy
• Chithandizo cha radiation
• Kuchotsa poizoni ndi cryotherapy
• Mankhwala ochiritsira omwe akuyenera kuchitidwa
• Chithandizo cha Immunotherapy

Kawirikawiri, mumapatsidwa mankhwala ochulukirapo kuposa amodzi mwa awa, kapena kuphatikiza angapo.

Kodi opaleshoni imachitidwa bwanji?

Ngati khansa yafalikira ku chiwindi kapena m'mapapo mwanu, opaleshoni nthawi zina ingachitike. Monga ndanenera kale, ngati khansayo ili yochepa, opaleshoni ikhoza kuichotsa ndipo mutha kuchira kwathunthu . Nthawi zina, opaleshoni ingathandizenso kuchepetsa zizindikiro zomwe zimayambitsa khansa, monga kupweteka ndi kutsekeka kwa matumbo.

Pa opaleshoni, dokotala amachotsa gawo la m'matumbo, chiwindi, kapena mapapo komwe khansa ili. Nthawi yomweyo, ma lymph nodes ozungulira khansa amachotsedwa. Izi zili choncho chifukwa maselo a khansa amatha kufalikira mosavuta ku ziwalo zina za thupi kudzera mu ma lymph nodes awa.

Pambuyo pochotsa gawo la khansa la m'matumbo, dokotala adzalumikizanso malekezero awiri a m'matumbo otsalawo. Kenako mutha kuchita chimbudzi mwachizolowezi. Komabe, nthawi zina ngati kulumikizanaku sikungatheke, mungafunike kuchitidwa opaleshoni ya colostomy . Izi zimaphatikizapo kulumikiza malekezero amodzi a m'matumbo ndi dzenje lopangidwa pakhungu la mimba. Chimbudzi chimatuluka kudzera m'dzenje limenelo. Chimbudzicho chimasonkhanitsidwa m'thumba lomwe limalumikizidwa nalo.

Nthawi zina, ngati gawo lalikulu la m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono lachotsedwa, mapeto a matumbo ang'onoang'ono amalumikizidwa ndi khungu la m'mimba. Izi zimatchedwa ileostomy . Komabe, pakhoza kukhala ululu pambuyo pa opaleshoni. Muthanso kuvutika ndi kutsegula m'mimba kapena kudzimbidwa. Zotsatirapo izi zimatha pakapita kanthawi.

Ngati matumbo atsekedwa ndi khansa, chubu chaching'ono chotchedwa stent chingaikidwe kuti chikhale chotseguka.

Kodi mankhwala a chemotherapy ndi chiyani?

Chemotherapy, kapena 'chemo' monga momwe timaitchulira, ndi mtundu wa mankhwala amphamvu omwe amaperekedwa kuti aphe maselo a khansa. Mankhwalawa amatha kuperekedwa kudzera m'mitsempha kapena ngati mapiritsi.

Chemotherapy imaperekedwa m'njira zingapo zazikulu:

• Opaleshoni isanachitike, zotupa za khansa zimatha kuchepetsedwa kuti zikhale zosavuta kuzichotsa.
• Pambuyo pa opaleshoni, wonongani maselo aliwonse a khansa omwe angakhalebe m'thupi.
• Monga chithandizo chachikulu kwa iwo omwe sangathe kuchitidwa opaleshoni.

Pali mitundu ingapo ya mankhwala a chemo omwe amaperekedwa pa khansa ya m'matumbo ya gawo lachinayi. Nthawi zina mankhwala opitilira amodzi mwa awa amaperekedwa pamodzi. Komanso, chemo imaperekedwa pamodzi ndi 'njira yochizira', yomwe tidzakambirana mtsogolo.

Chinthu chimodzi chomwe anthu ambiri amaopa akamva za mankhwala a chemo ndi kutayika kwa tsitsi lawo. Komabe,Mankhwala a khansa ya m'matumbo nthawi zambiri samayambitsa kutayika kwa tsitsi. Musachite mantha ndi zotsatirapo izi. Dokotala wanu angakuthandizeni kuzithetsa ndikuzipangitsa kukhala bwino. Zotsatirapo izi zidzatha pang'onopang'ono chithandizo chanu chikatha.

Ngati khansa yafalikira ku chiwindi, chemotherapy ingaperekedwenso pogwiritsa ntchito njira yapadera yotchedwa "hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy." Izi zimaphatikizapo kubaya chemotherapy mwachindunji mu mtsempha waukulu wamagazi womwe umapatsa magazi ku chiwindi pogwiritsa ntchito mpope. Chifukwa chakuti mankhwalawo amapita mwachindunji ku chiwindi m'malo moyenda m'thupi lonse, njira iyi ingachepetse zotsatirapo zake ndikupereka mlingo wokwera wa mankhwalawo.

Chithandizo cha radiation ndi njira zina

Chithandizo cha X-ray

Izi zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito ma X-ray amphamvu kwambiri kuti awononge maselo a khansa. Ngakhale kuti chithandizochi sichingathe kuchiritsa khansa ya gawo lachinayi, chingathandize kuchepetsa chotupa ndikuchepetsa zizindikiro monga ululu . Chithandizochi nthawi zambiri chimaperekedwa masiku 5 pa sabata kwa milungu ingapo.

Kuchotsa ndi Kuchiritsa Kakhungu

Njira zonsezi nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwononga maselo a khansa omwe afalikira ku chiwindi. Kuchotsa khansa kumagwiritsa ntchito kutentha , pomwe cryotherapy imagwiritsa ntchito kuzizira kwambiri . Pogwiritsa ntchito CT kapena ultrasound scan, dokotala amatumiza chipangizo chopyapyala chonga singano ku chotupacho ndikuchitentha kapena kuchizizira kuti chiwononge maselo a khansa.

Chithandizo Cholunjika ndi Chithandizo cha Immunotherapy - Mankhwala Amakono

Izi ndi njira ziwiri zatsopano komanso zopambana kwambiri pochiza khansa.

Mankhwala Oyenera

Mwachidule, mankhwala awa amalimbana makamaka ndi maselo a khansa. Amaletsa zinthu zomwe maselo a khansa amafunikira kuti akule ndikufalikira. Izi sizimawononga maselo athanzi kwambiri.

• Mankhwala oletsa angiogenesis: Mankhwalawa amagwira ntchito poletsa kukula kwa mitsempha yatsopano yamagazi yomwe imadyetsa khansa. Zili ngati kuletsa khansa kudya. Bevacizumab (Avastin) ndi Ramucirumab (Cyramza) ndi mankhwala otere.
• Mankhwala oletsa EGFR: Mankhwala monga Cetuximab (Erbitux) ndi Panitumumab (Vectibix) amaletsa puloteni yotchedwa EGFR yomwe imathandiza maselo a khansa kukula. Komabe, kuti mankhwalawa agwire ntchito, khansa iyenera kukhala ndi kusintha kwa majini ena (KRAS, NRAS, BRAF). Dokotala wanu adzayesa kuti aone ngati mankhwalawa ndi oyenera kwa inu.
• Mankhwala ena: Mankhwala amakono monga Encorafenib (Braftovi) ndi Entrectinib (Rozlytrek) akupezekanso masiku ano, omwe cholinga chake ndi khansa yokhala ndi kusintha kwa majini monga BRAF, NTRK, ndi RET.

Chithandizo cha Immunotherapy

Uwu ndi mankhwala odabwitsa kwambiri. Chomwe mumachita apa ndikulimbikitsa chitetezo cha mthupi lanu ndikuchigwiritsa ntchito polimbana ndi maselo a khansa.

Chitetezo chathu chamthupi chili ndi mapuloteni otchedwa PD-1 omwe amagwira ntchito ngati mabuleki. Maselo a khansa amagwiritsa ntchito mabuleki awa kuti apewe chitetezo chamthupi. Mankhwala oletsa chitetezo chamthupi monga Nivolumab (Opdivo) ndi Pembrolizumab (Keytruda) amagwira ntchito pozimitsa mabuleki awa. Izi zimathandiza chitetezo chamthupi kuzindikira ndikulimbana ndi khansa.

Ndondomeko yanu ya chithandizo

Mtundu wa chithandizo chomwe mumalandira chimadalira zinthu zambiri. Dokotala wanu adzapanga dongosolo la chithandizo lomwe likukhudzana ndi inu, poganizira zinthu monga komwe khansa yafalikira, zaka zanu, thanzi lanu lonse, komanso majini a khansa.

Mungakhalenso ndi mwayi wochita nawo mayeso azachipatala omwe amayesa mankhwala atsopano ndi mankhwala padziko lonse lapansi. Uwu ndi mwayi wabwino woyesa chithandizo chatsopano. Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za izi.