Kodi mukukumbukira mantha a mliri wa COVID kumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 2020? Pamene malo otsukira m'manja ndi zotsukira m'manja zinali paliponse, ndipo anthu ankaopa kukhudza zitseko? Tonse tinkaganiza kuti matendawa angafalitsidwe ndi munthu amene akutsokomola, kuyetsemula, kapena kukhudza malo omwe anali ndi kachilomboka. Koma, chochitika chaching'ono chinasintha zikhulupiriro zathu zonse zoyambirira. Ndicho chimene tikulankhula lero.
Chochitika chomwe chinasintha chilichonse
Izi zinachitika mu Marichi 2020, ku Washington, USA. Mamembala 61 a gulu loyimba lotchedwa 'Skagit Valley Chorale' adalowa nawo pa masewero a maola awiri ndi theka. Anatsatira malangizo onse azaumoyo panthawiyo. Palibe amene adakhudza wina aliyense, adasunga mtunda wa pafupifupi mamita awiri, ndipo adagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oyeretsera manja bwino.
Koma modabwitsa, patangopita milungu ingapo, anthu 52 mwa anthu 61 amenewa anali atadwala COVID-19! Ambiri anayenera kugonekedwa m'chipatala, ndipo mwatsoka awiri anamwalira.
Poyamba asayansi anadabwa. Aliyense anadabwa kuti, "Kodi izi zinachitika bwanji?" Anali kutali kwambiri, sanakhudze wina ndi mnzake, ndiye anthu ambiri anadwala bwanji nthawi imodzi?
Pamenepo ndi pamene wasayansi wina anati, "Panali chinthu chimodzi chokha chomwe aliyense m'chipindamo anali nacho. Umenewo unali mpweya ," ndipo "Palibe kukayika kuti matendawa anafalikira kudzera mu mpweya umenewo."
Chochitika ichi chinali chochitika chofunikira kwambiri chomwe chinasintha zinthu zambiri zomwe tinkaganiza zokhudza mliri wa Covid.
Kodi takhala tikuganiza molakwika kwa nthawi yayitali? Maganizo akale a 'dontho'
Ndipotu, kwa zaka zana zapitazi kapena kuposerapo, akatswiri azaumoyo akhala akukhulupirira kuti matenda opuma monga chimfine ndi fuluwenza amafalikira makamaka kudzera m'madontho akuluakulu komanso olemera. Mwachidule, madontho a malovu omwe amatuluka munthu akamatsokomola kapena kuyetsemula.
Malinga ndi lingaliro ili, matendawa amakula ngati:
- Muyenera kukhala pafupi kwambiri munthu wodwala akamatsokomola kapena kutsamwitsa.
- Kapena, mungadwale ngati mutakhudza malo (monga tebulo kapena chogwirira chitseko) omwe ali ndi madontho akuluakulu kenako nkukhudza mphuno yanu, pakamwa, kapena maso anu ndi dzanja lomwelo.
Lingaliro lakale ili (Droplet Dogma) ndi chifukwa chake tinalangizidwa kuti tisunge mtunda wa mamita 1.5 ndikupukuta chilichonse ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo masiku oyambirira a Covid.
Koma ndi zomwe zinachitikira kwaya ija, asayansi anazindikira kuti panali cholakwika chachikulu m'nkhaniyi kwinakwake. Payenera kukhala njira yobisika kwambiri yofalitsira matendawa.
'Droplet' ndi 'aerosol' - kusiyana kwake ndi kotani?
Apa ndi pomwe timapeza mawu atsopano - 'aerosol'. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri kumvetsetsa. Ganizirani za botolo lopopera. Mukapopera, madontho akuluakulu amadzi amagwera pansi, ndipo palinso tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta madzi tosaoneka tomwe timayandama mumlengalenga, ngati nthunzi, sichoncho? Umu ndi momwe zilili.
'Madontho' ali ngati madontho akuluakulu aja. 'Ma Aerosols' ali ngati tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timayandama mumlengalenga.
Tiyeni tione kusiyana pakati pa ziwirizi motere.
| Khalidwe | Madontho akuluakulu (Madontho) | Tinthu tating'ono kwambiri (Aerosols) |
|---|---|---|
| Kukula | Yaikulu kwambiri (ngakhale kuti siioneka ndi maso) | Kakang'ono kwambiri (ngati utsi) |
| Zotsatira pa mphamvu yokoka | Imagwa pansi mwachangu (mu masekondi/mphindi zochepa) chifukwa cha kulemera kwake. | Chifukwa chakuti ndi yopepuka kwambiri, imatha kuyandama mlengalenga kwa mphindi, mwina maola ambiri. |
| Mtunda woyenda | Mtunda waufupi (pafupifupi mamita 1-2). | Ikhoza kufalikira ngakhale m'chipinda chonse. |
| Momwe imafalikira | Mwa kulowa m'thupi mwachindunji munthu akamatsokomola kapena kuyetsemula pafupi. | Munthu amene ali ndi kachilomboka akamapuma, kulankhula, kapena kuimba, kamalowa mumlengalenga ndipo kamapumidwa. |
Pamene mamembala a kwaya imeneyo ankaimba, tinthu ting'onoting'ono timeneti (ma aerosols) tinatuluka mu mpweya wawo.Chipinda chonsecho chiyenera kuti chinali chodzaza ndi mpweya. Ngakhale kuti anali kutali, onse ankapuma mpweya womwewo, kotero pafupifupi aliyense ankadwala. Izi zimatchedwa kufalikira kwa mpweya .
Momwe chidziwitso chatsopano chasinthira miyoyo yathu
Ndi kupeza kumeneku, njira zomwe tidagwiritsa ntchito poletsa mliriwu zidasintha kotheratu.
Kuyambira pa kupukuta mpaka kuganiza za mpweya
Poyamba, tinkaganiza kuti kupukuta pansi, matebulo, ndi zitseko ndicho chinthu chofunika kwambiri. Koma titazindikira kuti ndi mpweya, tinaphunzira kuti pali chinthu china chofunika kwambiri. Ndipo mpweya wabwino ndi umenewo.
Mwachidule, kusunga zitseko ndi mawindo otseguka komanso kugwiritsa ntchito fani poyendetsa mpweya kumachepetsa kuchuluka kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda pamalo amodzi.
Mtengo weniweni wa chigoba
Poyamba, masks ankavalidwa kuti aletse madontho akuluakulu omwe tinkatulutsa. Koma pambuyo pake zinadziwika kuti masks abwino monga N95 amatha kusefa ngakhale tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta ma virus (aerosols) tomwe timayandama mumlengalenga. Chifukwa chake, kufunika kwa masks kunakula kwambiri.
Chidziwitsochi chingatithandize kwambiri kuti tidziteteze osati ku Covid yokha, komanso ku mliri uliwonse wa matenda opuma womwe ukubwera.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Matenda opumira monga COVID-19 amatha kufalikira kudzera m'madontho akuluakulu omwe amatuluka munthu akatsokomola, komanso kudzera mu tinthu tating'onoting'ono kwambiri (ma aerosols) omwe amayandama mumlengalenga akamalankhula kapena kupuma.
- Chiwopsezo chofalitsa kachilomboka chimakhala chachikulu m'malo otsekedwa (m'zipinda, m'mabasi). Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kwambiri kusunga mpweya wabwino , zomwe zikutanthauza kusunga mawindo otseguka.
- Kuvala zophimba nkhope kumathandiza kuteteza ku madontho akuluakulu ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timayandama mumlengalenga.
- Sayansi si yokhazikika. Chidziwitso chathu ndi kumvetsetsa kwathu zimasintha pamene umboni watsopano ukupezeka. Mliri ndi chitsanzo chabwino cha zimenezo.
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