Tiyeni tiphunzire za Cysticercosis, matenda omwe amayambitsa nyongolotsi kumera m'thupi mwanu.

Kodi mudamvapo za matenda awa otchedwa `(Cysticercosis)`? Mwina dzinali likumveka lachilendo pang'ono. Koma ichi ndi chinthu chomwe tonsefe tiyenera kudziwa, chifukwa ichi ndi vuto lomwe limayambitsidwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tomwe timakula m'thupi lathu. Nthawi zina tingakhale m'thupi popanda zizindikiro zazikulu. Tiyeni tikambirane za izi mwatsatanetsatane komanso lero.

Kodi Cysticercosis ndi chiyani?

Mwachidule, `(Cysticercosis)` ndi matenda omwe amapezeka pamene mphutsi ya nkhumba (mazira a tizilombo toyambitsa matenda `(Taenia solium)`) imalowa m'thupi mwathu. Mazira awa amapanga tinthu tating'onoting'ono mkati mwa matupi athu. Ali ngati matumba ang'onoang'ono odzazidwa ndi madzi. Tinthu tating'onoting'ono timeneti ndi timene timayambitsa zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana.

Mungapeze izi ngati mudya kapena kumwa chakudya kapena chakumwa chomwe chili ndi mazira ochokera ku tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a T. solium, kapena ngati mukhudza ndowe zomwe zili ndi mazira ndikuyika manja anu mkamwa osawatsuka bwino. Mazira awa akalowa m'matumbo mwathu, amasanduka nyongolotsi za m'mphuno, zomwe zimapita ku ziwalo zina za thupi, monga ubongo ndi maso, kuti apange ma cysts.

Kodi kusiyana pakati pa cysticercosis ndi taeniasis ndi kotani?

Ndi bwino kusasokoneza awiriwa, chabwino?

• Matenda a Cysticercosis: Izi zimachitika mukadya mazira a tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a T. solium mwangozi. Mazira amenewa amapanga ma cysts m'thupi.
• Taeniasis: Imachitika mukadya nkhumba yosaphikidwa bwino yomwe ili ndi mphutsi za tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ta "T. solium". Mphutsi zimenezi zimakula n’kukhala mphutsi zazikulu m’matumbo mwanu.

Kenako, mazira omwe amayambitsa `(Cysticercosis)` amatulutsidwa m'chilengedwe kudzera m'ndowe za munthu yemwe ali ndi `(Taeniasis). Kodi mukumvetsa?

Kodi izi zimakhudza kwambiri ndani?

Matenda a cysticercosis amapezeka kwambiri mwa anthu okhala kapena oyenda kumidzi ya Central ndi South America, kum'mwera kwa Sahara Africa, m'madera ena a Asia, ndi kum'mawa kwa Europe. Amafalanso kwambiri mwa anthu omwe asamukira kumayiko amenewa. Ngati wina m'banja mwanu ali ndi Taeniasis (nyongolotsi yaikulu ya tapeworm), muli pachiwopsezo chotenga matenda a Cysticercosis.

Akuti anthu pafupifupi 2.7 miliyoni padziko lonse lapansi ali ndi matenda a cysticercosis. M'madera ena omwe matendawa amapezeka kwambiri pakati pa nkhumba, pafupifupi 10% mpaka 20% ya anthu amakhala ndi zizindikiro za cysticercosis. Ngakhale kuti si zachilendo ku North America, cysticercosis yapezeka kuti ndiyo imayambitsa pafupifupi 2% ya maulendo opita kuchipatala chadzidzidzi ku United States chifukwa cha khunyu.

Kodi zizindikiro za cysticercosis ndi ziti?

Zizindikiro zimadalira komwe ma cysts ali. Ma cysts amenewa amatha kupezeka kulikonse m'thupi - mu ubongo, maso, mtima, mapapo, ndi chiwindi.

Komabe, zizindikiro zoopsa kwambiri komanso zofala kwambiri zimachitika pamene ma cysts amenewa akukula mu dongosolo la mitsempha, kutanthauza, ubongo ndi msana. Izi zimatchedwa neurocysticercosis .

Zizindikiro za Neurocysticercosis (ma cysts a muubongo ndi msana):

• Kugwidwa ndi khunyu: Ichi ndi chizindikiro chofala kwambiri. Kutaya mwadzidzidzi chidziwitso ndi kugwedezeka. Tangoganizirani momwe zingakhalire zoopsa ngati wina mwadzidzidzi agwidwa ndi khunyu popanda chenjezo.
• Mutu: Si mutu wamba wokha, koma mutu waukulu komanso wopitirira.
• Kusanza, kusanza, ndi kusokonezeka: Izi zimatchedwanso ``cysticercal encephalitis.'' Zizindikirozi zimatha kuchitika pamene kupanikizika mkati mwa ubongo kukukwera.
• Khosi lolimba.

Chofunika: Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro ngati izi, makamaka ngati mwayamba kudwala khunyu, muyenera kuonana ndi dokotala nthawi yomweyo.

Zizindikiro za ma cysts omwe amatuluka kunja kwa ubongo ndi msana (extraneural cysticercosis):

Zotupa zomwe zimakula kunja kwa ubongo nthawi zambiri sizimayambitsa zizindikiro zazikulu, koma zimatha kuyambitsa mavuto ngati zikukula m'malo enaake.

• Subcutaneous cysticercosis: Nthawi zina ziphuphu zazing'ono zimatha kuwoneka pansi pa khungu.
• Matenda a maso: Izi zingayambitse mavuto a maso:
• Kupweteka kwa maso.
• Kuona kawiri (diplopia).
• Kutupa kwa maso (uveitis kapena retinitis).
• Kusuntha pang'ono kwa maso.
• Kutuluka kwa maso (proptosis).
• Kutaya masomphenya.

Kodi chifukwa chake ndi chiyani?

Monga tanenera kale, `(Cysticercosis)` imayamba chifukwa cha kudya mazira a tizilombo toyambitsa matenda `(T. solium)`. Mazira awa ndi awa:

• Kudya zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba zosatsukidwa.
• Mwa kumwa madzi osayera.
• Mwa kukhudza ndowe, kukhudza pakamwa panu ndi manja omwe ali ndi mazira amenewo, kapena kudya chakudya.

Mazira awa amatuluka m'matumbo mwathu, ndipo nyongolotsi zazing'ono (`(mphutsi)`) zomwe zimatuluka zimadutsa m'thupi ndikupanga ma cysts otchedwa ma cysts. Nthawi zambiri, ma cysts awa sawonetsa zizindikiro pokhapokha ngati alipo ambiri pamalo amodzi. Mutha kukhala nawo kwa milungu ingapo kapena zaka zambiri osadziwa kuti ali m'thupi lanu. Zizindikiro zimawonekera ma cysts awa akayamba kufa. Kenako, chitetezo cha mthupi lathu chikayamba kugwira ntchito ndikuyankha, mavuto amayamba.

Kodi cysticercosis imakhudza bwanji ubongo?

Mazira a T. solium akatuluka m'matumbo, mphutsi zimatha kupita ku ubongo ndikupanga ma cysts. Nthawi zina ma cysts amenewa amatha kukhala mu ubongo kwa nthawi yayitali popanda kuyambitsa mavuto.

Komabe, pamene zotupa izi ziyamba kufa, chitetezo chathu cha mthupi chimazizindikira ngati adani ndipo chimayamba kuziukira. Izi zimayambitsa kutupa mu ubongo. Ngati pali zotupa zambiri, zimatha kuyambitsa "mass effect" pa ubongo zisanafe. Kutupa kumeneku, kapena kupanikizika, kungayambitse ubongo kutupa ndikukhala pachiwopsezo. Ichi ndichifukwa chake mavuto amitsempha monga khunyu ndi mutu zimachitika.

Pambuyo poti zotupazo zafa, mawanga olimba (calcifications) amaonekera m'malo amenewo.Zinthu ngati izi zimatha kukhalabe muubongo. Madzi amatha kusonkhana mozungulira `(ma nodules a cysticercosis)` awa ndi kuyambitsa khunyu la `(edema)`.

Kodi cysticercosis imafalikira bwanji?

Matenda a cysticercosis amafalikira kudzera m'ndowe za munthu amene ali ndi kachilomboka. Nyongolotsi ya T. solium imaikira mazira m'matumbo a munthu, ndipo mazirawo amatuluka m'ndowe. Matenda a cysticercosis amapezeka mukadya chinthu chodetsedwa ndi mazira awa.

Tangoganizani, ndowe izi zimatha kupezeka m'nthaka, m'madzi, m'zomera, komanso m'chakudya chomwe timadya. Mwangozi mutha kudya mazira a T. solium kudzera muzinthu monga:

• Kumwa madzi osasefedwa, osayeretsedwa.
• Kudya zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba zosatsukidwa.
• Kukhudza pakamwa panu kapena kudya chakudya osasamba m'manja bwino mutapita kuchimbudzi kapena mutagwira ndowe.

Chofunika: Kudya nkhumba yosaphikidwa bwino sikumayambitsa `(Cysticercosis)`. Kumayambitsa `(Taeniasis)`, matenda oyambitsidwa ndi mphutsi zam'mimba.

Kodi cysticercosis imafalikira kuchokera kwa munthu wina kupita kwa wina?

Ayi, `(Cysticercosis)` siifalikira mwachindunji kuchokera kwa munthu wina kupita kwa wina. Kuti mutenge matendawa, muyenera kudya mazira a `(T. solium)`.

Kodi mungazindikire bwanji `(Cysticercosis)`?

Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro, dokotala adzakuyang'anirani ndikufunsani za zizindikiro zanu. Angafunsenso za mbiri yanu yaposachedwa yaulendo. Kenako angachite mayeso monga:

• Kujambula Zithunzi: Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro zokhudzana ndi mitsempha yanu, dokotala wanu mwina angakupatseni CT scan kapena MRI. Izi zikuphatikizapo kukuikani mu makina ndikujambula zithunzi za ubongo wanu. Dokotala angagwiritse ntchito zithunzizi kuti aone ngati muli ndi T. solium cysts.
• Kuyezetsa magazi: Nthawi zina magazi amatengedwa ndikuyesedwa. Izi zimafufuza ma antibodies (cysticercosis serology test) motsutsana ndi T. solium, kapena mbali zina za tizilombo toyambitsa matenda (antigens).
• Kuboola m'chiuno: Ngati dokotala wanu akukayikira kuti muli ndi cysticercosis mu ubongo wanu kapena msana , angafune kuti muyesedwe kuti muwone madzi a m'mitsempha yanu (CSF). Izi zimaphatikizapo kulowetsa singano yopyapyala kumbuyo kwanu ndikutenga chitsanzo cha madziwo. Izi zikufanana ndi kuyeza magazi, ndipo amafufuza ma antibodies kapena ma antigen a T. solium. Izi zingamveke zoopsa, koma ndi njira yotetezeka.
• Kufufuza za thupi: Ngati muli ndi chotupa chomwe chikuwoneka pakhungu lanu, dokotala wanu angatenge chitsanzo chaching'ono ndikuchitumiza ku labu kuti akaone zizindikiro za T. solium.
• Kuyezetsa maso: Dokotala wanu angafunenso kufufuza zotupa m'maso mwanu zomwe zingakhudze maso anu.

Kodi cysticercosis imachiritsidwa bwanji?

Pali njira zosiyanasiyana zochizira izi. Simungafunikire chithandizo chilichonse. Kapena dokotala wanu angakupatseni mankhwala osiyanasiyana. Anthu ena angafunike opaleshoni. Dokotala wanu adzakonza dongosolo la chithandizo kuti ligwirizane ndi vuto lanu.

Ndi mankhwala ndi mankhwala ati omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito?

Dokotala angapereke mankhwala kapena mankhwala monga:

• Corticosteroids: Mwachitsanzo, mankhwala monga prednisolone ndi dexamethasone. Izi zimachepetsa kutupa ndi kutupa komwe kumachitika chotupa chikafa.
• Mankhwala oletsa khunyu/mankhwala oletsa khunyu: Mankhwala monga `(phenytoin)` ndi `(carbamazepine)`. Mankhwalawa amaperekedwa kuti achepetse khunyu.
• Mankhwala oletsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda: Mankhwala monga `(albendazole)` ndi `(praziquantel)` nthawi zina amaperekedwa pochiza matendawa. Komabe, kusamala kwambiri kumaperekedwa popereka mankhwala awa, chifukwa nyongolotsi zikafa, kutupa muubongo kumatha kuwonjezeka. Ichi ndichifukwa chake mankhwala awa nthawi zambiri amaperekedwa pamodzi ndi mankhwala omwe amachepetsa kutupa.
• Opaleshoni: Opaleshoni ingafunike kuchotsa ma cysts ena, kapena ngati pali kupanikizika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa madzi a m'mitsempha ya ubongo (CSF), kapena kuyika chubu chaching'ono (shunt) kuti madziwo asunthire kumalo ena.

Kodi mungapewe bwanji cysticercosis?

Iyi ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri! Pali zinthu zosavuta, koma zofunika kwambiri zomwe mungachite kuti mudziteteze ku `(Cysticercosis)`. Zinthu zofunika kwambiri ndikukonzekera chakudya ndi madzi mosamala ndikusamba m'manja bwino.

• Sambani m'manja mwanu bwino ndi sopo ndi madzi nthawi zambiri, makamaka mukatha kugwiritsa ntchito bafa, kusintha thewera la mwana wanu, komanso musanadye kapena kukonza chakudya.
• Tsukani zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba bwino, ndipo muzidye zitasendedwa ngati n'kotheka.
• Tsukani bwino matabwa odulira, makauntala, mbale, ndi ziwiya zophikira ndi sopo mukatha kugwiritsa ntchito.
• Musamwe madzi osachiritsidwa. Ngati mumwa madzi ochokera ku gwero losadziwika, imwani madzi a m'botolo kapena owiritsa okha.
• Ngati mukumwa madzi, wiritsani bwino kwa mphindi imodzi, mulole kuti azizire, kenako mumwe.
• Mukayenda, ngati mungathe kusefa madzi anu, gwiritsani ntchito fyuluta ya " absolute 1 micron kapena kuchepera " (yomwe imapezeka m'masitolo ogulitsa zinthu zokagona), kenako sungunulani mapiritsi a ayodini ndikumwa.

Kumbukirani: Mwa kutsatira njira zodzitetezera izi, mutha kudziteteza osati ku `(Cysticercosis)` yokha, komanso ku matenda ena ambiri opatsirana.

Kodi ndingayembekezere chiyani ngati ndili ndi `(Cysticercosis)`?

Popeza cysticercosis nthawi zambiri siikhala ndi zizindikiro, zimakhala zovuta kunena momwe matendawa adzakukhudzirani. Dokotala wanu adzapanga dongosolo la chithandizo lomwe likugwirizana ndi inu. Nthawi zina, zimenezo zingatanthauze kuti simungachiritse cysticercosis konse.

Kodi Cysticercosis ndi yoopsa?

Imfa chifukwa cha cysticercosis ndi yosowa kwambiri. Zizindikiro zambiri sizimachitika chifukwa cha matendawa okha, koma chifukwa cha momwe chitetezo cha mthupi chimayankhira ma cysts akamafa. Ngati muli ndi ma cysts ochepa komanso zizindikiro zochepa, mwayi wanu wochira ndi wabwino kwambiri.

Kodi ndingathe bwanji kudzisamalira ndekha ndi cysticercosis?

Ngati mwapezeka ndi matenda a cysticercosis, yang'anirani zizindikiro zanu. Kaya mwapatsidwa chithandizo kapena ayi, ngati zizindikiro zanu sizikusintha kapena zikuipiraipira, funsani dokotala nthawi yomweyo.

Kodi ndiyenera kupita kwa dokotala liti?

Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro za cysticercosis, makamaka khunyu, chisokonezo, kapena nseru kapena kusanza kosadziwika bwino, pitani kwa dokotala nthawi yomweyo kapena pitani ku chipinda chapafupi chadzidzidzi.

Matenda a cysticercosis ndi matenda omwe amayamba chifukwa cha mazira a tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ta Taenia solium. Ngakhale simukumva zambiri za matendawa komwe mumakhala, matenda a cysticercosis angayambitse matenda oopsa. Kaya mukukhala kudera komwe cysticercosis ndi yofala kapena mukupita kudera lina, kutsatira njira zosavuta zaukhondo kungakuthandizeni kukhala otetezeka.

Zinthu zofunika kuzikumbukira (Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba)

• Matenda a cysticercosis ndi matenda omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kudya mazira a mphutsi za nkhumba (Taenia solium), zomwe zimayambitsa ma cysts m'thupi.
• Imafalikira kudzera mu chakudya chodetsedwa, madzi, komanso ukhondo wosakwanira, osati kudzera mu kudya nkhumba yosaphikidwa bwino.
• Zizindikiro zimadalira komwe ma cysts ali. Ngati ma cysts ali muubongo (neurocysticercosis), zizindikiro zoopsa monga khunyu ndi mutu zimatha kuchitika.
• Kusamba m'manja mokwanira ndikudya chakudya ndi zakumwa zoyera ndiyo njira yabwino kwambiri yodzitetezera ku izi.
• Ngati mukumva zizindikiro monga khunyu, mutu waukulu, kapena kusokonezeka , funsani upangiri wa dokotala nthawi yomweyo. Musadandaule, vutoli lingathe kuthetsedwa ndi chithandizo choyenera komanso upangiri wa dokotala.

Ndikukhulupirira kuti izi zikuthandizani. Khalani ndi thanzi labwino!

Matenda a cysticercosis, mphutsi za m'mimba, neurocysticercosis, khunyu, matenda a muubongo, ukhondo, matenda a parasitic