Kodi maso anu nawonso amakhudzidwa ndi matenda a shuga? Kodi mudamvapo za matenda awa otchedwa Diabetes-Related Macular Edema?

Ngati muli ndi matenda a shuga, muyenera kusamala kwambiri maso anu, sichoncho? Chifukwa, monga mukudziwa, matenda a shuga ndi vuto lomwe lingakhudze maso athu mwanjira zosayembekezereka. Lero, tikambirana za chinthu chotere, kutupa komwe kumachitika m'maso mwathu, makamaka mbali yofunika kwambiri ya maso athu, chifukwa cha matenda a shuga. Izi ndi zomwe madokotala amatcha `(Diabetes-Related Macular Edema)` kapena `DME`.

Kodi matenda a shuga otchedwa DME (Diabetes-Related Macular Edema) ndi chiyani?

Mwachidule, DME ndi kutupa komwe kumachitika pakati pa retina, dera lomwe lili mkati mwa diso lanu lotchedwa macula, lomwe ndi gawo la diso lomwe timagwiritsa ntchito kuti tiwone zinthu bwino. Taganizirani ngati diso lanu lili ngati kamera, ndipo retina ili ngati filimu yomwe ili mu kamera imeneyo. Apa ndi pomwe maselo omwe amalandira kuwala amapezeka. Chifukwa chake gawo ili la retina, lotchedwa macula, ndi lomwe limatithandiza kuwerenga zolemba zazing'ono ndikuwona zinthu zomwe zili kutali bwino.

Muli ndi mwayi waukulu wopeza matenda a DME ngati muli ndi matenda a shuga otchedwa retinopathy. Matenda a shuga amafooketsa mitsempha yaing'ono yamagazi m'diso lanu. Kenako imatha kutulutsa magazi ndi madzi. Nthawi zina, mitsempha yatsopano, yofooka kwambiri imatha kupanga yomwe si yoyenera. Izi zimathanso kutulutsa mosavuta. Madzi otulukawa akamadzaza mu macula, amatupa.

Kodi vutoli ndi lofala bwanji?

Si aliyense amene ali ndi matenda a shuga amene ali ndi vutoli. Komabe, akuti munthu m'modzi mwa anthu khumi ndi anayi aliwonse omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga akhoza kukhala ndi vuto la 'DME'. Popeza chiwerengero cha anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga chikukwera ku Sri Lanka, ndikofunikira kwambiri kudziwa izi.

Kodi zizindikiro za izi ndi ziti? Onani ngati muli nazonso...

Zizindikiro za DME sizingabwere mwadzidzidzi, ndipo nthawi zina zimakula pang'onopang'ono. Koma dziwani izi:

• Kuona zinthu molakwika kapena kuona zinthu ziwiri: Ichi ndi chizindikiro chofala. Mutha kupeza kuti maso anu sakuwoneka bwino kapena osawoneka bwino mukawerenga, kuonera TV, kapena kuyang'ana chinthu chakutali.
• Ma Floaters: Kumva ngati madontho ang'onoang'ono akuda kapena ukonde wa akangaude ukuyendayenda kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo kwa maso.
• Kuvuta kusiyanitsa mitundu: Mitundu ina ingakhale yakuda kuposa masiku onse kapena kukhala yovuta kusiyanitsa.
• Scotomas: Mutha kuwona kadontho kakuda pakati kapena m'mbali mwa chinthu chomwe mukuyang'ana.
• Mizere yowongoka ndi mawonekedwe okhota: Ngati muyang'ana chinthu ngati m'mphepete molunjika wa chitseko kapena zenera ndipo chikuwoneka chokhota, chotambasuka, kapena chokwinya, chimenecho ndi chizindikiro chinanso.
• Kumva kuwala kowala: Zingakhale zovuta kuziona padzuwa kapena pamagetsi owala, ndipo maso angawoneke abuluu.
• Zimene mumaona ndi diso limodzi zimaoneka mosiyana ndi diso lina: Ngakhale kuti ichi ndi chizindikiro chachilendo, chingachitike kwa anthu ena.

Ngati muli ndi chimodzi mwa zizindikiro izi kapena zingapo, ndi bwino kupita kwa dokotala wa maso nthawi yomweyo.

Chifukwa chiyani izi zikuchitika? Kodi chifukwa chake ndi chiyani?

Monga ndanenera kale, chifukwa chachikulu cha izi ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kosalamulirika kwa nthawi yayitali. Izi zimawononga mitsempha yamagazi yofewa mkati mwa diso.

Kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha yamagazi m'maso kumayambitsidwa ndi matenda a shuga otchedwa `Diabetes-Related Retinopathy (DRR)`. Pali milandu iwiri ikuluikulu ya izi:

1. `Non-proliferative DRR`: Mu izi, mitsempha yamagazi imafooka ndipo ma microaneurysms ang'onoang'ono ofanana ndi mabaluni amapangika kunja kwa makoma. Izi zimalola magazi ndi madzi kutuluka mu macula.

2. `Proliferative DRR`: Iyi ndi nkhani yoopsa pang'ono. Apa, m'malo mwa mitsempha yamagazi yowonongeka, mitsempha yatsopano, yofooka kwambiri imayamba kupangika mkati mwa diso yomwe si yoyenera. Mitsempha yatsopanoyi yamagazi ndi yofooka kwambiri, kotero imatuluka magazi ndi madzi mosavuta, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti macula itukuke.

Chofunika kwambiri ndichakuti ngati vuto la `DME` silikuchiritsidwa bwino komanso pa nthawi yake, pang'onopang'ono lingayambitse kutayika kwathunthu kwa masomphenya. Choncho ichi si chinthu chopepuka.

Kodi madokotala amazindikira bwanji vutoli?

Mwina simungaone kutupa kumeneku kuchokera kunyumba. Komabe, dokotala wa maso amatha kuzindikira kutupako akamakufufuzani maso. Ndicho chifukwa chake anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga ayenera kufufuzidwa maso awo nthawi zonse. Ngati apezeka msanga, zimakhala zosavuta kuchiza.

Kuwonjezera pa kufufuza maso anu, dokotala angachitenso mayeso apadera monga:

• Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT): Izi zili ngati kusanthula mkati mwa diso lanu. Kungathe kuyeza molondola makulidwe a retina ndi macula anu. Kungathe kuwona bwino ngati pali kutupa kulikonse komanso kuchuluka kwake.
• Fluorescein Angiography: Mu mayesowa, utoto wapadera umalowetsedwa mu mtsempha womwe uli m'dzanja lanu. Kenako, kamera yapadera imajambula utotowo pamene ukuyenda m'mitsempha yamagazi yomwe ili m'diso lanu. Kutuluka kulikonse m'mitsempha yamagazi kudzaonekera bwino m'zithunzizo.
• Mayeso a `Amsler Grid`: Iyi ndi mayeso osavuta kwambiri. Mukupemphedwa kuti muyang'ane gridi ya masikweya ndikuwona ngati mizere yatambasulidwa, yapindika, kapena ikusowa. Ngati pali vuto ndi macula, mutha kuwona kusintha kwa mizere iyi.

Kodi mankhwala ake ndi otani? Kodi angachiritsidwe?

Nkhani yabwino ndi yakuti tsopano pali mankhwala othandiza kwambiri a DME. Ndi mankhwala ena atsopano, ngati matendawa apezeka msanga, n'zotheka kubwezeretsa kuwonongeka komwe kwachitika.

Pali njira zingapo zazikulu zochizira:

1. Mankhwala oletsa kuwononga nyama:Pali puloteni yotchedwa Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) yomwe imathandiza mitsempha yatsopano yamagazi kukula m'maso mwathu. Chithandizochi chimaphatikizapo kupereka mankhwala omwe amaletsa kugwira ntchito kwa puloteni ya VEGF ngati jakisoni m'diso. Jakisoniyu amaperekedwa kamodzi pamwezi, kapena nthawi zambiri momwe angafunikire. Mankhwala otsatirawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri:

• `Aflibercept (Eylea®)`
• `Bevacizumab (Avastin®)`
• `Faricimab-svoa (VABYSMO®)`
• `Ranibizumab (Lucentis®)`

2. Chithandizo cha ma steroid: Ma steroid amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kuchepetsa kutupa. Izi zitha kuperekedwa ngati jakisoni m'diso kapena ngati mankhwala ang'onoang'ono (mankhwala okhalitsa) omwe angaikidwe mkati mwa diso. Zitsanzo:

• `Dexamethasone (Ozurdex®)` (iyi ndi `implant`)
• `Fluocinolone acetonide (Iluvien®)` (iyi ndi `implant`)

3. Chithandizo cha laser (Laser Photocoagulation): Nthawi zina, kuwala kwa laser kungagwiritsidwe ntchito "kutseka" mitsempha yamagazi yomwe ikutuluka ndikuletsa kutuluka kwa magazi.

4. Kuchotsa mabala m'diso: Iyi ndi opaleshoni. Opaleshoni iyi imachitika kuti ichotse magazi, madzi, kapena zipsera mkati mwa diso zomwe zikukoka macula. Si aliyense amene amafunikira izi.

Ndi chithandizo chilichonse mwa izi, ndikofunikira kuti shuga m'magazi mwanu ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi zikhale zotetezeka kwambiri, apo ayi zotsatira za chithandizocho zitha kuchepa.

Kodi pali zotsatirapo kapena zovuta zilizonse za chithandizocho?

Monga momwe zimakhalira ndi njira iliyonse yachipatala, pali zoopsa zina zazing'ono zomwe zimachitika, koma mwayi woti mavuto abwere nthawi zambiri umakhala wochepa.

• Chifukwa cha `jakisoni`, pali mwayi wochepa woti kachilombo kangalowe m'diso. Pofuna kupewa izi, diso limatsukidwa bwino lisanaperekedwe `jakisoni`.
• Pambuyo pa jakisoni, thovu laling'ono la mpweya limatha kupangika mkati mwa diso. Izi zimatha zokha pakatha masiku ochepa.
• Kufiira ndi kuyabwa pang'ono kungachitike. Izi zitha kukhala chifukwa cha mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutsuka diso musanapereke jekeseni. Kugwiritsa ntchito ming'alu yopangira kungathandize kuchepetsa kusasangalala kumeneku.
• Mankhwala a steroid nthawi zina angayambitse matenda a maso kapena kukwera kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi m'maso. Chifukwa chake, dokotala nthawi zonse amafufuza izi.

Kodi ndidzakhala bwino nthawi yayitali bwanji nditatha kulandira chithandizo?

DME nthawi zambiri siimayambitsa ululu m'diso. Choncho m'malo momva "bwino" mutalandira jekeseni, kuwonongeka kwa macula ndi retina kumayima kapena kubwereranso pang'ono. Kuwona kwanu kungayambe pang'onopang'ono.

Mukalandira chithandizo cha `Injection`, simudzapita kuntchito kapena kusukulu. Komabe, ngati mwachitidwa opaleshoni ya `Vitrectomy`, zingatenge milungu iwiri kapena inayi kuti muchire.

Kodi n’chiyani chingachitike kuti izi zisachitike kapena kuchepetsa vutoli?

Ngati muli ndi matenda a shuga, simungathe kuthetsa kwathunthu chiopsezo chanu chokhala ndi matenda a shuga m'magazi (DME). Komabe, pali zinthu zambiri zomwe mungachite kuti muchepetse chiopsezo chanu:

• Yesetsani matenda anu a shuga bwino: Sungani shuga m'magazi mwanu monga momwe dokotala wanu akulangizirani. Imwani mankhwala anu moyenera ndikuwongolera zakudya zanu.
• Ngati muli ndi matenda ena osatha monga kuthamanga kwa magazi, athetseni bwino.
• Onetsetsani kuti mwapita kukayezetsa maso anu kwa dokotala wa maso nthawi ndi nthawi. Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga amalangizidwa kuti aziyezetsa maso awo kamodzi pachaka.
• Ngati mukusuta, siyani lero. Kusuta fodya kumawononganso mitsempha yamagazi m'maso.
• Idyani zakudya zopatsa thanzi. Idyani zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba zambiri.
• Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse.

Ngati ndili ndi vutoli, kodi tsogolo langa lidzakhala lotani?

Ngati mwapezeka ndi DME ndipo mwalandira chithandizo choyenera, nthawi zambiri chiyembekezo chimakhala chabwino. Makamaka ngati mwapezeka ndi kulandira chithandizo msanga, mankhwala ena atsopano amatha kubwezeretsa masomphenya ena omwe adatayika.

Komabe, ngati sichichiritsidwa, masomphenya amatha kusokonekera kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kugwira ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku. Ichi ndichifukwa chake kuzindikira msanga ndi kulandira chithandizo ndikofunikira kwambiri.

Kodi ndiyenera kudzisamalira bwanji?

Ngakhale kuti DME ndi vuto lomwe limakhudza maso, kusamalira bwino thupi lanu lonse kungathandize kuwongolera vutoli.

• Ngati muli ndi matenda osatha monga matenda a shuga, kuthamanga kwa magazi, cholesterol yambiri, kapena kunenepa kwambiri, yesetsani kuwaletsa bwino.
• Idyani zakudya zabwino komanso chita masewera olimbitsa thupi okwanira.
• Pewani kusuta fodya.
• Yendetsani maso anu nthawi ndi nthawi, monga momwe dokotala wanu wa maso akulangizirani.
• Ngati mwadzidzidzi mwataya maso anu, mukumva kupweteka kwambiri m'maso, kapena mwadzidzidzi mwawona khungu lakuda pamaso panu, pitani kwa dokotala kapena pitani kuchipatala nthawi yomweyo.

Ndi mafunso ati omwe muyenera kufunsa dokotala?

Mukapita kwa dokotala, musaiwale kufunsa mafunso awa:

• "Ndi chiyani china chomwe ndiyenera kudziwa chokhudza vutoli (Diabetes-Related Macular Edema)?"
• "Ndi njira iti yothandizira yomwe mumalimbikitsa yomwe ndi yabwino kwa ine?"
• "Kodi zotsatirapo zake kapena mavuto ake ndi otani?"
• "Ndiyenera kuyezetsa maso anga kangati?"
• "Ndi zizindikiro ziti zomwe zimaonedwa ngati zadzidzidzi pa vuto la `DME` ili?"

Chinthu chomaliza chomwe ndiyenera kunena ndi ichi...

Matenda a shuga ndi matenda omwe angakhudze ziwalo zambiri za thupi lathu. Pakati pawo, maso amachita gawo lalikulu. Ngati muli ndi matenda a shuga, makamaka ngati muli ndi vuto lotchedwa `diabetes-related retinopathy`, muli pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga `DME`. Chiwopsezochi chimawonjezeka mukakhala ndi matenda a shuga kwa nthawi yayitali.

Choncho, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti muziyezetsa maso nthawi zonse ndikupeza kutupa kulikonse kapena mitsempha yatsopano yamagazi m'diso msanga. Chifukwa ngati matendawa apezeka msanga ndipo chithandizo chayamba, pali mwayi waukulu wopulumutsa masomphenya anu amtengo wapatali. Nthawi zina, ngati chithandizo chayamba msanga, kuwonongeka komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha `DME` kumatha kubwezeretsedwa.

Choncho, samalirani maso anu. Mukakhala ndi matenda a shuga, samalirani maso anu kukhala chimodzi mwa ntchito zanu zazikulu.

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