Monga mayi kapena bambo , inunso mumakhala ndi mantha pang'ono komanso kuzengereza mukapita kukapatsa mwana wanu katemera, sichoncho? Ndizachilendo kwambiri. Mantha amenewa awonjezeka chifukwa cha nkhani imodzi yomwe ikufalikira m'dera la anthu. Nkhaniyi ndi yakuti "katemera amayambitsa matenda a autism mwa ana." Ndiye kodi izi ndi zoona? Kapena ndi lingaliro lolakwika kwambiri? Lero, tikambirana izi kuchokera ku lingaliro la sayansi, koma m'chinenero chosavuta chomwe mungamvetse.
Kodi nkhaniyi inayamba bwanji? - Mkangano pa katemera wa MMR
Nkhani yonseyi imayamba mu 1998. Wofufuza ku England, Dr. Andrew Wakefield, amafalitsa pepala lofufuzira momwe amanena kuti pali mgwirizano pakati pa katemera wa MMR , womwe umateteza ku chikuku, mumps, ndi rubella, komanso autism.
Tangoganizirani, kafukufukuyu adachitika pogwiritsa ntchito ana 12 okha . Koma panthawiyo, chiwerengero cha ana omwe adapezeka ndi autism chinali chikukwera, kotero kafukufuku wamng'onoyu adatchuka kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Makolo adawopa kwambiri.
Pambuyo pa izi, madokotala ena ndi asayansi padziko lonse lapansi anayamba kufufuza izi. Anachita maphunziro ambiri okhudza katemera wa MMR ndi autism. Kafukufuku wotsatira woposa 12 unachitika. Palibe aliyense wa iwo amene adapeza umboni uliwonse wosonyeza kuti katemera wa MMR ndiye amachititsa autism.
Chofunika kwambiri, kufufuza mokwanira kwa kafukufuku wa 1998 komwe kunayambitsa nkhaniyi kunavumbula zolakwika zazikulu ndi chinyengo. Pomaliza, mu 2010, General Medical Counsel for England adalengeza mwalamulo kuti kafukufukuyu sanangokhala wozikidwa pa sayansi yolakwika, komanso anali chinyengo chadala . Chilolezo cha zachipatala cha Dr. Wakefield, yemwe adachita kafukufukuyu, chinathetsedwa. Kafukufuku adavumbulutsa kuti dokotalayo adalandira ndalama zambiri (zoposa mapaundi 435,000) kuchokera kwa loya yemwe anali kufufuza za kulumikizana pakati pa katemera ndi autism.
Mwachidule, chiyambi cha nkhaniyi chomwe chachititsa mantha dziko lonse lapansi ndi bodza komanso chinyengo.
Ndiye nkhani ya Thimerosal ndi yotani?
Patatha chaka chimodzi kuchokera pamene nkhani ya MMR inayamba, mantha amenewa anasamukira kudera lina. Umenewo unali mankhwala otchedwa ' Thimerosal ', omwe ankagwiritsidwa ntchito kusunga katemera wina. Unali ndi mercury yochepa. Choncho mukamanena kuti "mercury", aliyense amachita mantha, chifukwa tikudziwa kuti mercury ndi yovulaza ubongo kwambiri.
Koma zoona zake n’zakuti: Katemera anali ndi kuchuluka kochepa kwambiri, kosavulaza kwaPanalibe umboni wa sayansi wosonyeza kuti izi zinayambitsa mavuto. Komabe, chifukwa cha mantha ndi kukayikira kwa makolo, pofika mu 2001, popempha mabungwe monga American Academy of Pediatrics, thimerosal inachotsedwa mu katemera wa ana ambiri.
Choncho, ofufuza adayang'ana ngati panali kusiyana kwa kuchuluka kwa matenda a autism pakati pa ana omwe adalandira katemera wokhala ndi thimerosal ndi omwe sanalandire. Pambuyo pochita kafukufuku pafupifupi 9 wotere, palibe kulumikizana komwe kudapezeka.
Umboni wabwino kwambiri ndi wakuti ngakhale thimerosal itachotsedwa kwathunthu ku katemera , chiwerengero cha ana omwe adapezeka ndi autism chinapitirira kukwera. Choncho n'zoonekeratu kuti thimerosal si chifukwa cha autism, eti?
Kodi ndi vuto kupereka katemera onse pamodzi?
Ena amaganiza kuti, "Awa si katemera mmodzi kapena awiri okha, amapatsidwa katemera pafupifupi 25 mwana asanakwanitse zaka ziwiri. Zonsezi zikalowa m'thupi la mwana, 'kuchuluka' kudzasokoneza chitetezo cha mthupi cha mwana ndikuyambitsa autism."
Pakhala maphunziro ofufuzanso izi. Anayerekeza magulu awiri a ana.
1. Ana omwe alandira katemera wonse motsatira ndondomeko yomwe yakonzedwa.
2. Ana omwe anachedwa kulandira katemera kapena omwe anaphonya katemera wina.
Kodi zotsatira zake zinali zotani? Panalibe kusiyana kwa kuchuluka kwa matenda a autism pakati pa magulu awiriwa. Izi zikutanthauza kuti chiwerengero cha katemera kapena dongosolo lomwe adapatsidwa sizinayambitse autism.
| Nthano Yofala | Zoona za Sayansi |
|---|---|
| Katemera wa MMR amayambitsa autism. | Lingaliro ili lachokera pa kafukufuku wochepa komanso wolakwika. Lingaliro ili latsutsidwa kotheratu ndi maphunziro akuluakulu oposa khumi ndi awiri omwe adatsatira. |
| Thimerosal (mercury) yomwe imapezeka mu katemera imayambitsa autism. | Palibe umboni wosonyeza kuti kuchuluka kwa katemera ndi koopsa. Popeza kuchuluka kwa matenda a autism kwawonjezeka ngakhale atachotsedwa mu katemera, zikusonyeza kuti si chifukwa chake. |
| Kupereka katemera wambiri nthawi imodzi ali mwana kumayambitsa autism. | Kafukufuku sanapeze kusiyana kulikonse pakati pa ana omwe adalandira katemera monga momwe adakonzera ndi omwe sanalandire/adalandira mochedwa. |
Pomaliza, kodi sayansi ndi chiyani?
Nkhaniyi ili ndi zaka zoposa 20. Pa nthawi yonseyi, akatswiri ofukula zinthu zakale padziko lonse lapansi akhala akufufuza izi.
- Mu 2004, Komiti Yowunikira Chitetezo cha Katemera ya Institute of Medicine inayang'ana kafukufuku wonse wofalitsidwa ndi wosasindikizidwa pankhaniyi ndipo inapereka lipoti la masamba 200. Pomaliza pake panalibe umboni wosonyeza kugwirizana pakati pa katemera ndi autism .
- Kafukufukuyu sanathere pamenepo. Mu 2019, kafukufuku wamkulu kwambiri amene adachitikapo adachitika. Adafufuza ana pafupifupi 660,000 azaka zoposa 11. Pomaliza pake panalibe mgwirizano pakati pa katemera ndi autism .
Chinthu chokhacho chomwe chatsimikiziridwa mobwerezabwereza ndi maphunziro ambiri asayansi ndichakuti palibe mgwirizano pakati pa katemera ndi autism. Katemera ndi chida chaumulungu chomwe chimateteza ana athu ku matenda oopsa komanso oopsa monga chikuku, chifuwa chachikulu, ndi polio.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Katemera sayambitsa autism. Ichi ndi chowonadi cha sayansi chomwe chatsimikiziridwa mobwerezabwereza ndi zaka makumi ambiri ndi maphunziro zikwizikwi.
- Kafukufuku woyamba wogwirizanitsa katemera ndi matenda a autism watsimikiziridwa kuti ndi chinyengo chochita dala.
- Katemera ndi njira yabwino komanso yotetezeka yotetezera moyo wa mwana wanu ku matenda opatsirana omwe angakhale oopsa.
- Ngati muli ndi mantha, kukayikira, kapena mafunso okhudza katemera, chonde musadalire zambiri zomwe zimapezeka pa intaneti kapena pa malo ochezera a pa Intaneti, koma funsani dokotala wa banja lanu kapena dokotala wa ana . Adzakupatsani zambiri zolondola kwambiri.
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