Tangoganizirani kuti munagona tulo tabwino usiku, munadya ndi kumwa mokoma, koma mwadzidzidzi munadzuka m'mawa muli ndi ululu wa m'mimba. Mukumva ngati mukufuna kuthamangira kuchimbudzi, kapena mukufuna kusanza. Mukumva ngati simukumva bwino. Mwina nanunso mwakumanapo ndi izi, eti? Nthawi zambiri, izi zimachitika chifukwa cha chakudya chomwe tikambirane, kapena matenda otchedwa Food Poisoning. Musadandaule, tiyeni tikambirane za izi mosavuta.
Kodi zizindikiro za poizoni wa chakudya ndi ziti?
Kudya poizoni ndi chinthu chomwe chimachitika tikamadya kapena kumwa chinthu chomwe chili ndi majeremusi kapena poizoni wina. Matupi athu ndi anzeru kwambiri, ndipo amayesa kuchotsa zinthu zosafunikirazi. Kusanza ndi kutsegula m'mimba (kutuluka ndowe) ndi njira ziwiri zazikulu zomwe thupi limachotsera poizoniyu. Ngakhale izi sizimasangalatsa thupi, kwenikweni ndi kuyesetsa kwa thupi kuti mukhale ndi thanzi labwino.
Zizindikiro zodziwika bwino zomwe zingawonekere ndi izi:
- Kutsegula m'mimba (kupweteka m'mimba)
- Kusanza
- Kupweteka m'mimba ndi kusanza
- Mutu
- Thupi lopanda moyo
- Nthawi zina malungo
Zizindikiro zimenezi nthawi zambiri zimayamba pakati pa maola awiri ndi asanu ndi limodzi mutadya chakudya chodetsedwacho. Komabe, izi zimatha kusiyana malinga ndi mtundu wa kachilombo komwe kalowa m'thupi. Majeremusi ena amatenga nthawi yayitali kuti ayambe kukula. Chabwino kwambiri ndichakuti matendawa amatha msanga akangobwera. Nthawi zambiri, zizindikirozo zimatha mkati mwa maola 12 mpaka 48. Ngakhale kuti nthawi zina zimakhala ngati ululu wambiri, nthawi zambiri zimakhala bwino pakatha masiku awiri.
N’chifukwa chiyani timadwala matenda a poizoni m’zakudya? Kodi zimayambitsa matenda amenewa ndi chiyani?
Chifukwa chachikulu cha kuwonongeka kwa chakudya ndi mabakiteriya . Mabakiteriyawa amatha kukula mu chakudya chifukwa cha zolakwika zazing'ono zomwe zimachitika pokonza ndi kusunga chakudya. Ganizirani zinthu monga:
- Zosakaniza zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga chakudyacho si zatsopano .
- Kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu monga ndiwo zamasamba ndi zipatso popanda kuzitsuka bwino .
- Malo okonzera chakudya, ziwiya, ndi manja a munthu amene akukonza chakudyacho si oyera .
- Osaphika nyama ndi nsomba mpaka zitaphikidwa bwino mkati .
- Kusiya chakudya chotsala mutachiphika m'malo mochiyika nthawi yomweyo mufiriji .
Sikuti mabakiteriya okha, komanso mavairasi , tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, ndi bowa zimatha kuwononga chakudya. Izi zimatha kufalikira kudzera m'madzi omwe timamwa, malo omwe amalima ndiwo zamasamba, kapena ngakhale munthu wodwala atakhudza chakudyacho.
Mitundu ikuluikulu ya majeremusi omwe amakhudza kuwonongeka kwa chakudya
Pali mitundu yoposa 250 ya majeremusi omwe angayambitse poizoni m'zakudya. Pakati pa mitundu imeneyi, tiyeni tiphunzire za mitundu yodziwika bwino komanso yofala kwambiri yomwe imapezekanso m'dziko lathu.
| Dzina la kachilomboka | Kodi ndi kuti komwe kumachitika kawirikawiri? | Mfundo zofunika |
|---|---|---|
| Salmonella | Mazira osaphika, monga nkhuku yosaphikidwa bwino. | Uwu ndi mtundu wofala kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi ndipo ukhoza kukhala woopsa kwambiri moti ungafunike kugonekedwa m'chipatala. |
| E. coli | Nyama yosaphikidwa bwino (makamaka ng'ombe), ndiwo zamasamba zosaphika. | Mitundu ina ya E. coli imapanga zinthu zomwe zimakhala poizoni m'matumbo athu. |
| Listeria | Mitundu ina ya tchizi, masoseji, ndi nyama zophikidwa bwino. | Izi zitha kukhala zoopsa kwambiri kwa amayi apakati . |
| Norovirus | Zakudya zam'madzi zosaphikidwa bwino monga oyster, ndiwo zamasamba zosaphika. | Ichi ndi chifukwa chachikulu cha matenda otchedwa fuluwenza yam'mimba. Amafalikira mosavuta kuchokera kwa munthu amene ali ndi matendawa. |
| Chiwindi cha chiwindi A | Madzi onyansa, nsomba zam'madzi ngati nkhono. | Kachilombo kameneka kangawononge chiwindi chathu. |
| Shigella | Saladi yokhala ndi mayonesi (monga tuna, mbatata, saladi ya nkhuku). | Izi zikachitika, kutsegula m'mimba kungaphatikizepo magazi kapena ntchofu. |
Kodi matendawa ndi opatsirana?
Inde, majeremusi ambiri omwe amayambitsa poizoni m'zakudya amatha kufalikira kuchokera kwa munthu wina kupita kwa wina .
Ngati wodwala sakusamba m'manja bwino atasanza kapena kugwiritsa ntchito chimbudzi, majeremusi amatha kukhala m'manja mwake, pa zitseko, ndi pa mpope. Munthu wina amene wakhudza malo amenewo akhoza kutenga majeremusiwo. Ichi ndichifukwa chake matenda amenewa amafalikira mofulumira m'masukulu ndi m'nyumba zogona. Ukhondo wa munthu, makamaka kusamba m'manja, ndi wofunika kwambiri .
Ndani ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha poizoni wa chakudya?
Aliyense akhoza kudwala matenda a poizoni m'zakudya. Koma anthu ena amatha kudwala matendawa, ndipo ngati atadwala, matendawa amakhala oopsa kwambiri. Chifukwa chake ndi chakuti chitetezo chawo chamthupi chimakhala chofooka . Mwachidule, awa ndi anthu omwe chitetezo chawo chamthupi chimakhala chofooka pang'ono.
Tiyeni tiwone yemwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu:
- Ana aang'ono osakwana zaka 5: Chitetezo cha mthupi chawo sichinakule mokwanira.
- Anthu opitirira zaka 65: Chitetezo cha mthupi chimachepa mwachibadwa pamene tikukalamba.
- Amayi oyembekezera: Pa nthawi ya mimba, pamakhala kusintha kwa chitetezo cha mthupi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti azidwala mosavuta.
- Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda osatha: Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda monga matenda a shuga, khansa, ndi matenda a impso ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi chofooka.
- Anthu omwe akumwa mankhwala enaake: Anthu omwe akumwa mankhwala oletsa chitetezo chamthupi nawonso ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu.
Kodi pali zovuta zilizonse zomwe muyenera kuziopa?
Nthawi zambiri, kugaya chakudya kumakula bwino mkati mwa masiku angapo, koma nthawi zina, mavuto aakulu amatha kuchitika. Vuto lofala kwambiri komanso lofala kwambiri ndi kutaya madzi m'thupi kwambiri . Pamene kusanza ndi kutsegula m'mimba kukupitirira, madzi ndi mchere wambiri zimatayika m'thupi. Ichi ndiye chiopsezo chachikulu.
Mavuto ena akuluakulu (koma osowa):
- Kutaya Mimba: Ngati mayi wapakati ali ndi kachilombo ka Listeria, kakhoza kuvulaza mwana m'mimba.
- Kuwonongeka kwa impso: Mitundu ina yoopsa ya E. coli ingayambitse kulephera kwa impso.
- Nyamakazi: Mabakiteriya monga Salmonella angayambitse kutupa kwa mafupa pambuyo pake.
- Kuwonongeka kwa ubongo ndi dongosolo la mitsempha: Majeremusi ena angayambitse matenda aakulu monga meningitis.
Kodi muyenera kupita kwa dokotala liti?
Ngakhale kuti vutoli nthawi zambiri limatha kuthetsedwa kunyumba, nthawi zina ndikofunikira kupeza upangiri wachipatala nthawi yomweyo . Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi, onetsetsani kuti mwawonana ndi dokotala wanu. Ngati ndi lalikulu, pitani ku Dipatimenti Yodzidzimutsa (ETU) ya chipatala chapafupi.
| Chochitika / Chizindikiro | Kufotokozera |
|---|---|
| Omwe akufunika chisamaliro chapadera | |
| Magulu a zoopsa | Ngati muli ndi pakati, muli ndi mwana wosakwana zaka 5 , kapena muli ndi zaka zoposa 65 ndipo muli ndi zizindikiro izi, pitani kuchipatala nthawi yomweyo. Pali chiopsezo chachikulu cha kutaya madzi m'thupi. |
| Zizindikiro Zochenjeza | |
| Malungo aakulu | Ngati malungo ali pamwamba pa 102°F (38.9°C) ndipo akupitirira. |
| Kutuluka magazi | Ngati magazi akutuluka pamodzi ndi kusanza kapena kutsegula m'mimba. |
| Zizindikiro za kuchepa madzi m'thupi | Mkodzo wochepa kwambiri, mkodzo wakuda wachikasu/bulauni , pakamwa ndi milomo youma, chizungulire chachikulu. |
| Zizindikiro zina zoopsa | Kusawona bwino, kuvutika kulankhula, kutaya chidziwitso. |
Ndi mankhwala otani omwe angachitike kunyumba?
Chofunika kwambiri ndi kubwezeretsanso madzi omwe atayika m'thupi.
- Pitirizani kumwa madzi ndi zakumwa . Musamwe mowa wambiri nthawi imodzi, chifukwa izi zingayambitse kusanza.
- Ndi bwino kumwa Oral Rehydration Salts (ORS) yosungunuka m'madzi, yomwe mungagule ku pharmacy. Idzadzaza mchere womwe thupi lanu limafunikira.
- Mukayamba kumva bwino, yesani kudya zakudya zopepuka, zopanda mafuta monga nthochi, phala la mpunga, ndi buledi .
- Siyani kudya mkaka ndi zinthu zopangidwa ndi mkaka, zakudya zamafuta, ndi zakudya zokometsera kwa masiku angapo.
- Chofunika kwambiri ndi kupuma bwino .
Kumbukirani, musamwe mankhwala oletsa kutsegula m'mimba popanda upangiri wa dokotala. Kutsegula m'mimba ndi njira ya thupi yochotsera majeremusi. Ngati musiya, kungachedwetse kuchira kwanu.
Kodi mumapewa bwanji poizoni wa chakudya?
Kupha poizoni m'zakudya ndi chinthu chomwe tingachipewe mosavuta. Zimangofunika kusamala pang'ono pokonzekera ndi kudya chakudya. Kumbukirani njira zinayi zosavuta izi.
| Njira | Zoyenera kuchita |
|---|---|
| Kuyeretsa (Kuyeretsa) | Sambani m'manja mwanu bwino ndi sopo ndi madzi musanakonze ndi kudya chakudya. Tsukani ndiwo zamasamba ndi zipatso bwino ndi madzi. Sungani malo okonzera chakudya (makauntala, matabwa odulira) ndi mbale zoyera. |
| Patukani | Sungani nyama, nsomba, ndi mazira osaphika kutali ndi zakudya zina (makamaka masaladi ndi zakudya zophikidwa). Ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito matabwa awiri osiyana odulira, limodzi la nyama ndi lina la ndiwo zamasamba. |
| Phikani bwino | Phikani zakudya monga nyama, nsomba, ndi mazira mpaka zitaphikidwa bwino . Ziyenera kukhala zotentha mokwanira kuti ziphe majeremusi. |
| Kuzizira | Ikani chakudya chotsala mufiriji pasanathe maola awiri kuchokera pamene chaphikidwa. Kuchisiya panja kumalimbikitsa mabakiteriya kukula. Musaiwale kuyang'ana tsiku lotha ntchito pa chakudya chomwe chili mufiriji. |
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Kupha poizoni m'chakudya nthawi zambiri sikoopsa ndipo nthawi zambiri kumatha mkati mwa tsiku limodzi kapena awiri.
- Chofunika kwambiri pa nthawiyi ndi kupuma ndikumwa madzi ambiri (madzi, tiyi) .
- Kuganizira za chitetezo cha chakudya (kuyeretsa, kulekanitsa, kuphika bwino, ndi kuziziritsa mufiriji) ndiyo njira yabwino yopewera izi.
- Ngati muli ndi malungo aakulu, kutuluka magazi, kapena zizindikiro za kutaya madzi m'thupi , pitani kwa dokotala mwamsanga .











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