Injini yodabwitsa ya thupi lathu: Tiyeni tiphunzire chilichonse chokhudza mtima!

Kodi munayamba mwaika dzanja lanu pachifuwa panu mumphindi chete ndikutseka maso anu ndikumvetsera? Phokoso la "lub-dub... lub-dub..." limene mumamva ndikumva ndi umboni waukulu kwambiri wakuti muli ndi moyo. Phokoso limenelo limachokera ku injini yodabwitsa kwambiri, yosasiya m'thupi lathu. Umenewo ndi mtima wathu. Kodi timadziwadi za chiwalo chaching'ono ichi chomwe chimagwira ntchito popanda mphindi imodzi yopuma kuyambira tsiku lomwe tinabadwa mpaka tsiku lomwe tinamwalira? Lero, tiyeni tikambirane za mtima wokondedwa uwu womwe moyo wathu umadalira.

Kodi mtima ndi chiyani? Kodi umapereka chithandizo chotani ku thupi?

Mwachidule, mtima ndi chiwalo champhamvu kwambiri, chokhala ndi minofu yofanana ndi chibakera chanu. Ndiwo malo ofunikira kwambiri oyendera magazi m'thupi lathu lonse, monga siteshoni yayikulu ya basi mumzinda. Timachitchanso kuti dongosolo la magazi.

Ntchito yaikulu ya mtima ndi kupompa magazi m'thupi lonse. Tsopano mwina mukuganiza kuti, "Ndiye chimachitika ndi chiyani magazi akapompedwa?" Taganizirani izi, mamiliyoni a maselo ang'onoang'ono m'thupi lathu amafunikira mphamvu ndi mpweya kuti agwire ntchito. Monga momwe timafunira chakudya ndi mpweya kuti tikhale ndi moyo. Choncho magazi omwe mtima umapompa ndi omwe amatenga mpweya ndi michere iyi ndikuzigawa ku selo iliyonse m'thupi. Ndi omwenso amasonkhanitsa zinyalala monga carbon dioxide zomwe zimasonkhana m'maselo pamene zikugwira ntchito ndikuzipereka ku ziwalo zoyenera (monga mapapo ndi impso) kuti zitayidwe.

Sikuti zokhazo, mtima umagwira ntchito zina zofunika:

• Imalamulira kayimbidwe ndi liwiro la kugunda kwa mtima. Ubongo wathu ndi dongosolo lathu la mitsempha zimauza mtima wathu kuti ugwire pang'onopang'ono tikagona komanso mofulumira tikamathamanga.
• Kuthamanga kwa magazi kumayendetsedwa bwino. Ndi udindo wa mtima kusunga kuthamanga kwa magazi mkati mwa mitsempha ya magazi pamlingo woyenera.

Mtima sugwira ntchito yokha kuti ugwire ntchito imeneyi bwino. Thupi lathu la mitsempha ndi dongosolo la endocrine zimagwira ntchito limodzi ndi mtima. Thupi la mitsempha ndi lomwe limapereka chizindikiro ku mtima kuti uchite mofulumira pamene tikumva mantha kapena kusangalala, komanso kuti uchedwetse pamene tikupuma. Mahomoni omwe amatulutsidwa ndi dongosolo la endocrine amathandiza kulamulira kuthamanga kwa magazi mwa kupangitsa kuti mitsempha ya magazi ichepetse kapena kukulitsa.

Kodi tichotse zidutswa zina za mtima?

Mtima uli ngati nyumba yokonzedwa bwino. Uli ndi makoma, zipinda, zitseko, mapaipi amadzi, ndi makina amagetsi. Tiyeni tiwone chilichonse chimodzi ndi chimodzi.

Makoma ndi chophimba choteteza mtima

Makoma a mtima ndi minofu yomwe imakoka ndikufutukuka kuti ipope magazi. Pakati pa makoma awa pali minofu yokhuthala, yomwe timaitcha septum. Ichi ndi chomwe chimagawa mtima m'mbali zakumanja ndi zakumanzere.

Khoma la mtima limapangidwa ndi zigawo zitatu zazikulu:

• Endocardium: Iyi ndi gawo lamkati kwambiri.
• Minofu ya mtima `(Myocardium)`:Uwu ndiye gawo lapakati, lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi minofu.
• Epicardium: Iyi ndi gawo lakunja loteteza.

Mtima wonse umaphimbidwanso ndi thumba loteteza lotchedwa pericardium . Madzi apadera mkati mwa thumba ili amathandiza mtima kuyendayenda popanda kugunda ziwalo zina ukagunda.

Zipinda Zinayi za Mtima

Pali zipinda zinayi zazikulu mkati mwa mtima. Zipinda ziwiri pamwamba ndi ziwiri pansi. Monga nyumba ya zipinda ziwiri. Timazitcha zipinda zomwe zili pamwamba kuti Atria , ndipo zipinda zomwe zili pansi timazitcha kuti Ventricles .

Ma Valves a Mtima

Pamene magazi akuyenda pakati pa zipinda za mtima, pamakhala njira ya zipata zoletsa kuti zisayenderere m'njira yolakwika. Timazitcha zipata izi kuti "Ma Valves" . Zipata izi zimatseguka magazi akayenda mbali imodzi, ndipo zimatsekanso mwamphamvu magazi ena akapita.

Pali mitundu ikuluikulu inayi ya ma valve:

• Valavu ya tricuspid: Chitseko pakati pa atrium yakumanja ndi ventricle yakumanja.
• Vavu ya m'mapapo: Mpata womwe mitsempha yomwe imanyamula magazi kuchokera ku ventricle yakumanja kupita ku mapapo imayambira.
• Valavu ya Mitral: Chitseko pakati pa atrium yakumanzere ndi ventricle yakumanzere.
• Valavu ya mtsempha wamagazi: Chipata chomwe chili kumayambiriro kwa mtsempha waukulu wamagazi (Aorta) chomwe chimanyamula magazi kuchokera ku ventricle yakumanzere kupita ku thupi lonse.

Mitsempha ya Magazi

Timatcha dongosolo la machubu omwe amanyamula magazi omwe amapopedwa ndi mtima m'thupi lonse ndikubwerera kumtima kuti ``Mitsempha ya Magazi.`` Izi ndi za mitundu itatu.

• Mitsempha yamagazi: Iyi ndi machubu okhuthala omwe amanyamula magazi okhala ndi mpweya kuchokera mumtima kupita ku thupi lonse.
• Mitsempha: Awa ndi machubu omwe amanyamula magazi opanda mpweya wokwanira omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mbali zina za thupi kubwerera kumtima.
• Ma capillaries: Mitsempha yamagazi yopyapyala kwambiri, yopyapyala ngati tsitsi yomwe imalumikiza mitsempha ndi mitsempha. Mkati mwa mitsempha iyi ndi momwe maselo amalandira mpweya ndikuchotsa carbon dioxide.

'Mphepo' ya mtima - kodi kugunda kumeneku kumayendetsedwa bwanji?

Mtima si chipolopolo cha mnofu chabe. Uli ndi makina apadera amagetsi otchedwa ``Electrical Conduction System'' omwe amaupangitsa kuti uzigunda bwino nthawi zonse. Uli ngati makina olumikizira mawaya m'nyumba.

Pali zigawo zingapo zazikulu za dongosololi:

• Sinoatrial node (SA): Iyi ndi njira yachilengedwe yopangira mtima. Chizindikiro chamagetsi chomwe chimauza mtima momwe uyenera kugunda mwachangu chimayambira apa.
• Nthambi ya Atrioventricular (AV): Izi zimatenga chizindikiro kuchokera ku node ya SA, n’kuchichedwetsa pang’ono, n’kuchitumiza ku zipinda ziwiri zapansi (atria) za mtima.
• Ziwalo zina (Bundle of His, Purkinje fibers): Izi zimanyamula chizindikiro kuchokera ku node ya AV kudutsa m'zipinda zapansi za mtima, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikoke mwadzidzidzi.

Mwanjira imeneyi, zipinda ziwiri zapamwamba zikamakokana ndikupompa magazi, mkati mwa gawo limodzi mwa magawo khumi a sekondi, zipinda ziwiri zapansi zimakokana ndikupompa magazi kupita ku thupi ndi mapapo. Ngati pali cholakwika pang'ono mu dongosolo lamagetsili, ndiye kuti kugunda kwa mtima kosakhazikika (arrhythmia) kumachitika.

Kodi matenda ofala omwe amakhudza mtima ndi ati?

Popeza mtima ndi chiwalo chofunikira kwambiri m'thupi lathu, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti tidziwe matenda omwe angakhudze mtima.

Nazi zina mwa matenda a mtima omwe amapezeka nthawi zambiri:

• Kusakhazikika kwa kugunda kwa mtima (Arrhythmia): Mtima umagunda mofulumira kwambiri, pang'onopang'ono kwambiri, kapena mu kayimbidwe kosakhazikika.
• Matenda a mtima: Kukhuthala, kukula, kapena kuuma kwa minofu ya mtima.
• Matenda a mtima / Myocardial infarction: Kutsekeka mwadzidzidzi kwa mitsempha ya mtima yomwe imapereka magazi kumtima, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti magazi ndi mpweya zisafike ku gawo lina la mtima.
• Matenda a mitsempha ya mtima: Mitsempha yomwe imapereka magazi kumtima imachepa chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa zinthu zofanana ndi cholesterol (zomwe timazitcha 'plaque').
• Matenda a ma valve a mtima: Ma gate a mtima, kapena ma valve, omwe tidakambirana kale, sagwira ntchito bwino.
• Kuthamanga kwa magazi: Kuthamanga kwa magazi komwe kumachitika pakhoma la mitsempha yamagazi kumakhala kokwera kuposa kwachibadwa.
• Cholesterol yambiri: Kukhala ndi mafuta ambiri m'magazi.

Zizindikiro ndi mayeso omwe akusonyeza vuto la mtima

Ngati pali vuto la mtima, thupi lanu lidzakupatsani zizindikiro. Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro ngati izi, ndikofunikira kwambiri kupita kwa dokotala mwachangu.

Zizindikiro zoti muzisamala nazo

• Kupweteka pachifuwa kapena kusapeza bwino: Kumva ngati chifuwa chaphwanyika kapena chaphwanyika.
• Kupuma movutikira: Kumva kutopa ngakhale mutayenda mtunda waufupi.
• Kugunda kwa mtima: Kumva mtima ukugunda mofulumira .
• Chizungulire kapena kukomoka.
• Kutupa kwa ziwalo za m'munsi mwa thupi, makamaka miyendo.
• Kutopa kwambiri.

Njira zowunikira thanzi la mtima

Mukapita kwa dokotala, angakulangizeni mayeso amodzi kapena angapo kutengera zizindikiro zanu.

• Kuyeza kuthamanga kwa magazi.
• ECG (Electrocardiogram - EKG): Kulemba momwe magetsi a mtima amagwirira ntchito.
• Echocardiogram: Echocardiogram ndi mayeso omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mafunde a phokoso kuti apange chithunzi cha mtima.
• Kuyezetsa magazi: Kuyesa zinthu monga kuchuluka kwa cholesterol ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga.
• Kuchita ECG `(Kuyesa kupsinjika)`: Kuyang'anira momwe mtima umagwirira ntchito panthawi yochita masewera olimbitsa thupi.
• Angiogram: Kuyeza kwapadera kwa X-ray kuti muwone ngati mitsempha yamagazi ya mtima yatsekeka.

Kodi mumasunga bwanji mtima wanu wathanzi komanso wamphamvu?

Chabwino kwambiri n’chakuti mwa kusintha pang’ono moyo wathu, tingathandize kwambiri kuteteza thanzi la mtima wathu.

• Idyani zakudya zopatsa thanzi pamtima. Idyani ndiwo zamasamba, zipatso, nyemba, ndi tirigu wambiri (monga mpunga wofiirira ndi oatmeal). Chepetsani mafuta, mchere, shuga, ndi chakudya chofulumira momwe mungathere.
• Khalani otanganidwa. Chitani masewera olimbitsa thupi osachepera mphindi 150 pa sabata (mphindi 30 patsiku, masiku 5 pa sabata). Kuyenda mwachangu, kuthamanga, ndi kusambira ndi njira zabwino zochitira masewera olimbitsa thupi.
• Khalani ndi kulemera koyenera. Kusunga kulemera koyenera kutalika kwanu kumathandiza kwambiri mtima wanu.
• Pewani kusuta fodya kotheratu. Kusuta fodya ndi mdani wamkulu wa mtima. Ngati mumasuta, funsani dokotala wanu kuti akuthandizeni kusiya.
• Sinthani kupsinjika maganizo. Kupsinjika maganizo ndi mdani wachete. Pumulani maganizo anu kudzera mu zinthu monga kusinkhasinkha, yoga, ndi kuchita zinthu zosangalatsa.
• Pita kukayezetsa kuchipatala nthawi zonse. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti nthawi zonse uziyezetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi, cholesterol, ndi shuga, makamaka mukakwanitsa zaka 40.