Tonsefe timalankhula za cholesterol nthawi zonse, ndipo timada nkhawa nazo, sichoncho? Koma taganizirani, kodi mudamvapo za matenda obadwa nawo omwe kuchuluka kwa cholesterol kumakhala kokwera kwambiri kuyambira ali mwana, mwina ngakhale ali mwana? Lero tikambirana za matenda amodzi osowa koma ofunikira kwambiri. Izi zimatchedwa Homozygous Familyal Hypercholesterolemia (HoFH). Ngakhale dzinali ndi lovuta pang'ono, tiyeni timvetse mosavuta.
Kodi Homozygous Familyal Hypercholesterolemia ndi chiyani?
Mwachidule, iyi ndi matenda a majini omwe amachititsa kuti thupi lathu lizivutika kuchotsa cholesterol "yoyipa", kutanthauza cholesterol ya LDL (Low-Density Lipoprotein), m'magazi mwathu. Tonse tikudziwa kuti cholesterol ndi chinthu chokhala ngati sera chomwe maselo athu amafunikira. Ntchito ya cholesterol ya LDL ndikunyamula cholesterol iyi m'thupi lonse kudzera m'magazi.
Koma pamene LDL yakwera kwambiri, cholesterol yowonjezerayi imayamba kusonkhana m'mitsempha yamagazi yomwe imapereka magazi kumtima mwathu, mitsempha. Pakapita nthawi, zinthuzi zimatha kutseka mitsempha, kudula magazi ndi mpweya kupita kumtima, ndikuwonjezera chiopsezo cha matenda a mtima .
Matendawa ndi obadwa nawo. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mutha kukhala ndi cholesterol yambiri kuyambira muli mwana. Ili ndi vuto lalikulu lomwe silingathe kuchiritsidwa ndipo liyenera kuthandizidwa moyo wanu wonse.
Ngati sanalandire chithandizo, amuna omwe ali ndi vutoli amatha kudwala matenda a mtima ali ndi zaka 40 ndipo akazi ali ndi zaka 50. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kwambiri kudziwa izi ndikupeza chithandizo choyenera.
Kodi chifukwa chake ndi chiyani?
Timatcha izi kuti ndi matenda a majini. Kunena zoona, mumapeza matendawa pokhapokha mutalandira makope awiri a jini yomwe sigwira ntchito bwino, imodzi yochokera kwa amayi anu ndi ina yochokera kwa abambo anu .
Kawirikawiri, chiwindi chathu chimachotsa cholesterol yochulukirapo ya LDL m'magazi. Chiwindi chimakhala ndi 'ma LDL receptors' apadera a izi. Izi zili ngati maginito omwe amatenga cholesterol ndikuyichotsa m'magazi. Koma mwa munthu amene ali ndi matendawa, chifukwa cha jini lolakwika lobadwa nalo, ma receptor awa sagwira ntchito bwino. Zotsatira zake n'zakuti kuchuluka kwa cholesterol kumakwera mosalamulirika.
Mwina munamvapo za 'Heterozygous' Familyal Hypercholesterolemia. Apa ndi pamene jini yolakwika imalandira kuchokera kwa kholo limodzi lokha. Vutoli silili lalikulu ngati 'Homozygous'.
Kodi zizindikiro za matendawa ndi ziti?
Pali zizindikiro zazikulu zingapo zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuzindikira matendawa. Tiyeni tiwone patebulo.
| Khalidwe | Kufotokozera |
|---|---|
| Mulingo wokwera kwambiri wa cholesterol | Milingo yonse ya cholesterol ikhoza kukhala 600 mg/dL kapena kupitirira apo (mlingo wabwinobwino ndi wochepera 200). |
| Madontho a khungu (Xanthomas) | Matumbo achikasu, ngati phula pansi pa khungu pa zigongono, mawondo, ndi matako. Izi ndi mafuta ochulukirapo m'thupi. |
| Madontho a m'maso (Xanthelasmas) | Mafuta achikasu amatuluka m'maso. |
| Kusintha kwa maso (Arcus cornealis) | Mphete yoyera kapena imvi yozungulira diso lakuda. |
| Zizindikiro za mtima | Zizindikiro monga kupweteka pachifuwa (angina), kupuma movutikira, komanso kugunda kwa mtima mofulumira zimatha kuchitika ali aang'ono. |
Kodi mungazindikire bwanji matendawa?
Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro izi, ndikofunikira kuonana ndi dokotala wanu. Dokotalayo adzakuyezani kaye thupi lanu ndikukufunsani mafunso angapo.
- Kodi mwaonapo zinthu ngati mawanga achikasu pakhungu lanu?
- Kodi muli ndi ululu pachifuwa?
- Kodi mukumva kupuma movutikira?
- Kodi makolo anu nawonso ali ndi cholesterol yambiri?
Kenako, dokotala wanu adzakuyezani magazi kuti awone kuchuluka kwa cholesterol m'magazi anu. Akhozanso kuyeza majini kuti awone ngati muli ndi jini yolakwika yomwe imayambitsa matendawa. Dokotala wanu angayesenso achibale anu apamtima.
Njira zochizira ndi kasamalidwe
Cholinga chachikulu cha chithandizo ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa cholesterol m'magazi anu (LDL cholesterol) ndikuchepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda a mtima.Nthawi zambiri mudzatumizidwa kwa dokotala yemwe ndi katswiri wa matenda a cholesterol ngati awa (Lipidologist).
Kusintha kwa moyo ndi zakudya
Gawo loyamba ndikutsatira zakudya zabwino zomwe zili ndi mafuta ochepa, cholesterol, ndi shuga. Ndikofunikiranso kusiya kusuta fodya, kuchepetsa kumwa mowa, komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi tsiku lililonse.
Mankhwala
Popeza kuchuluka kwa cholesterol m'thupi lanu kuli kokwera kwambiri, mutha kuyamba kumwa mankhwala ambiri a statin , omwe amagwira ntchito poletsa chiwindi kupanga cholesterol.
Kuphatikiza apo, mankhwala ena omwe amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa cholesterol yomwe imatengedwa kuchokera muzakudya (monga Ezetimibe , PCSK9 inhibitors , Lomitapide ) akhoza kuwonjezeredwa.
Mankhwala enieni
Ngati cholesterol singathe kulamulidwa ndi mankhwala okha, njira zina zochiritsira ziyenera kuganiziridwa.
- Apheresis: Iyi ndi njira yofanana ndi dialysis ya odwala impso. Mukalumikizidwa ndi makina kuchipatala, magazi anu amachotsedwa m'thupi lanu, cholesterol ya LDL imasefedwa, ndipo magazi oyeretsedwa amabwezeretsedwa m'thupi lanu. Iyi ndi njira yochizira yomwe imatenga maola angapo ndipo imafunika kuchitidwa nthawi zonse.
- Kusamutsa Chiwindi: Ngati palibe njira iliyonse yomwe yatchulidwa pamwambapa yomwe yapambana, kusamutsa chiwindi kungakhale njira yomaliza. Chiwindi chatsopano chathanzi chili ndi ma LDL receptors, omwe angathandize kuwongolera cholesterol. Iyi ndi opaleshoni yayikulu kwambiri, ndipo kuchira kumatha kutenga miyezi 6 mpaka chaka.
Mukalandira chithandizo chachikulu chotere, ndikofunikira kwambiri kupempha thandizo la maganizo kuchokera kwa achibale ndi abwenzi. Kambiranani momasuka za izi ndi dokotala wanu.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Homozygous Familyal Hypercholesterolemia ndi vuto lalikulu, koma losowa, la majini lomwe limayambitsa kuchuluka kwa cholesterol m'magazi.
- Izi zili choncho chifukwa amalandira majini awiri olakwika kuchokera kwa amayi ndi abambo awo.
- Mwa kuzindikira ndi kuyamba kulandira chithandizo ali aang'ono, chiopsezo cha matenda a mtima ali aang'ono chingachepe.
- Chithandizo ndi cha moyo wonse ndipo chingaphatikizepo mankhwala, zakudya, masewera olimbitsa thupi, komanso mwina chithandizo chapadera (apheresis).
- Ngati wina m'banja mwanu wakhala ndi matenda a mtima kapena cholesterol yambiri ali wamng'ono, ndi bwino kuti muyeze cholesterol yanu monga momwe dokotala wanu adanenera.
- Simuli nokha paulendowu. Gwirani ntchito ndi dokotala wanu, banja lanu, ndi magulu othandizira kuti muthane ndi vutoli bwino.
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