Kodi dokotala wanu wakupatsani mankhwala ochizira kuvutika maganizo? Kapena pali wina amene mumamudziwa amene amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa? Ngakhale kuti pali nkhani zambiri m'gulu la anthu zokhudza mankhwalawa, ndi anthu angati amene akudziwa bwino momwe amakhudzira ubongo ndi zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha zimenezi? Anthu ambiri amaopa mankhwalawa, koma chifukwa cha mantha amenewo ndi kusadziwa. Chifukwa chake, tiyeni timvetse izi momveka bwino lero, ngati kuti tikulankhula ndi mnzanu.
Kodi mankhwala oletsa kuvutika maganizo amenewa ndi ati?
Ngakhale kuti mankhwala amenewa amatchedwa 'mankhwala ochepetsa nkhawa', sagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza kuvutika maganizo kokha, vuto la maganizo lomwe limayambitsa nkhawa kwambiri komanso kutaya chiyembekezo. Mankhwalawa adayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'zaka za m'ma 1950. Masiku ano, kuwonjezera pa kuvutika maganizo, mankhwalawa amavomerezedwanso pa matenda monga OCD (Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder), Social Phobia, Panic Disorder, GAD (Generalized Anxiety Disorder), ndi PTSD (Posttraumatic Stress Disorder).
Kuphatikiza apo, madokotala nthawi zina amatha kupereka mankhwalawa pa matenda monga kupweteka kosatha, kusowa tulo, ndi mutu waching'alang'ala. Izi zimatchedwa kugwiritsa ntchito 'kunja kwa chizindikiro'. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mankhwalawa sanavomerezedwe mwalamulo pa vuto limenelo, koma dokotalayo akukhulupirira kuti wodwalayo adzapindula nalo.
Kodi mankhwalawa amakhudza bwanji ubongo wathu?
Mwachidule, mankhwala awa amagwira ntchito posintha kuchuluka kwa mankhwala enaake muubongo mwathu. Mankhwalawa timawatcha kuti ma neurotransmitters . Awa ndi omwe amalamulira zinthu zambiri, monga momwe timamvera, momwe timamvera, kugona, ndi chilakolako chathu.
Taganizirani izi motere. Maselo amitsempha muubongo wathu amagwiritsa ntchito 'amithenga' awa otchedwa ma neurotransmitters kuti alankhulane. Selo imodzi yamitsempha imamasula mthenga uyu, ndikutumiza uthengawo ku selo lotsatira. Uthengawo ukaperekedwa, mthengayo amabwereranso mwachangu ku selo yoyambirira (izi zimatchedwa reuptake ).
Chomwe mankhwala oletsa kuvutika maganizo amachita makamaka ndikuchedwetsa pang'ono njira yobwezeretsanso mphamvu ya mankhwalawo. Kenako messenger (monga serotonin) imakhala pakati pa maselo awiri a mitsempha (synapse) kwa nthawi yayitali. Kenako imatha kugwira ntchito nthawi yayitali ndikukonza malingaliro athu.
Zoona zake n'zakuti, ngakhale akatswiri sakudziwa 100% momwe mankhwalawa amagwirira ntchito, chifukwa ubongo wa munthu ndi chinthu chovuta kwambiri. Koma kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti angathandize kuchepetsa zizindikiro.
Mitundu yodziwika bwino ya zoletsa kubwezeretsanso
Mankhwala oletsa kuvutika maganizo omwe amaperekedwa kwambiri pakadali pano ndi a gululi. Awa amagawidwa m'magulu angapo akuluakulu.
1. SSRIs (Zoletsa Kubwerezabwereza kwa Serotonin)
Awa ndi mankhwala oyamba omwe madokotala nthawi zambiri amapereka. Monga momwe dzinalo likusonyezera, awa amayang'ana makamaka serotonin ya neurotransmitter. Serotonin ndi yofunika kwambiri pazinthu monga momwe timamvera, khalidwe lathu, komanso kukumbukira.
Mukayamba kumwa mankhwalawa, zingatenge milungu ingapo, nthawi zina mpaka miyezi 2-3, kuti muwone zotsatira zonse. Chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kukhala oleza mtima. Komanso, musasiye kumwa mankhwalawa mwadzidzidzi popanda upangiri wa dokotala. Kuchita izi kungayambitse zizindikiro zosasangalatsa (antidepressant discontinuation syndrome).
Serotonin Syndrome - Chinthu chodetsa nkhawa nacho!
Nthawi zina, mukatenga mankhwala ena omwe amawonjezera kuchuluka kwa serotonin, monga SSRIs, kuchuluka kwa serotonin muubongo kumatha kukwera mosafunikira. Izi zitha kukhala zoopsa.
| Zizindikiro zodziwika bwino za Serotonin Syndrome | |
|---|---|
| - Nkhawa, kusakhazikika | - Ophunzira otambasuka |
| - Kusanza, kusanza, kuvutika m'mimba | - Kugwedezeka kwa minofu, kuuma kwa minofu |
| - Kutuluka thukuta kwambiri, kunjenjemera | - Kusuntha kwa maso mwachangu kuchokera mbali imodzi kupita mbali ina |
| Zizindikiro zazikulu zomwe zimafuna kuti munthu alowe m'chipatala nthawi yomweyo: | |
| - Kusokonezeka maganizo kapena kusokonezeka maganizo | - Malungo aakulu |
| - Kugunda kwa mtima kumathamanga kwambiri | - Khunyu |
| - Kuthamanga kwa magazi kwambiri | - Kutaya chidziwitso |
Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro zazikulu izi, pitani ku chipatala chapafupi cha Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) nthawi yomweyo .
2. SNRIs (Zoletsa Kubwerezabwereza kwa Serotonin-Norepinephrine)
Izi ndi mankhwala apamwamba pang'ono omwe adabwera pambuyo pa SSRIs. Amakhudza ma neurotransmitters serotonin ndi norepinephrine . Norepinephrine ndi yofunika kwambiri kuti tizisamala komanso kukhala maso. Ichi ndichifukwa chake nthawi zina mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza ululu wosatha (monga matenda a shuga, matenda a fibromyalgia).
- Zitsanzo zodziwika bwino: Duloxetine (Cymbalta), Venlafaxine (Effexor)
- Zotsatira zoyipa zofala: nseru, pakamwa pouma, kutopa, kugona, chizungulire, thukuta.
3. NDRIs (Norepinephrine ndi Dopamine Reuptake Inhibitors)
Mankhwalawa amawonjezera kuchuluka kwa ma neurotransmitters norepinephrine ndi dopamine . Dopamine ndi yofunika kwambiri kuti tikhale osangalala, olimbikitsa, komanso osamala.
- Chitsanzo chabwino: Bupropion (Wellbutrin). Iyi ndi mankhwala omwe angakuthandizeninso kusiya kusuta.
- Chidziwitso chapadera: Ili ndi zotsatirapo zochepa zogonana poyerekeza ndi mankhwala ena oletsa kuvutika maganizo. Komabe, si yoyenera kwa anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo chotenga khunyu.
Mitundu ina, yakale koma yofunikabe
Ngakhale kuti mankhwalawa sagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri masiku ano, akhoza kukhala othandiza kwambiri kwa anthu ena omwe salabadira mankhwala atsopano. Komabe, ali ndi zotsatirapo zambiri.
Mankhwala oletsa kuvutika maganizo a tricyclic ndi tetracyclic (TCAs)
Awa ndi mankhwala akale omwe akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito kuyambira m'ma 1950. Ngakhale kuti ndi othandiza ngati mankhwala atsopano, ali ndi zotsatirapo zina zambiri. Mwachitsanzo, angayambitse kugona, pakamwa pouma, kunenepa kwambiri, komanso kusintha kwa kugunda kwa mtima.
- Zitsanzo zodziwika bwino: Amitriptyline, Nortriptyline, Clomipramine.
Mankhwala oletsa monoamine oxidase (MAOIs)
Mankhwala awa ndi akale kwambiri ndipo sagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa , muyenera kusamala kwambiri ndi zomwe mumadya. Chifukwa ngati mudya zakudya zomwe zili ndi amino acid 'Tyramine' (monga tchizi chakale, soya sauce, nyama zina, zipatso zina), kuthamanga kwa magazi anu kungakwere moopsa. Komanso, kumwa mankhwalawa pamodzi ndi mankhwala ena oletsa kuvutika maganizo ndi koopsa kwambiri.
Ndikofunikira kwambiri kudziwitsa dokotala wanu za mankhwala aliwonse, mavitamini, kapena mankhwala azitsamba omwe mukumwa, chifukwa mankhwalawa amatha kusokonezana.
Zakudya zopatsa thanzi zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pochiza matenda
Izi si mankhwala, koma zowonjezera zakudya kapena zowonjezera zakudya zomwe zingathandize pa matenda ena. Sizikulimbikitsidwa kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito kokha pa matenda a kuvutika maganizo. Komabe, zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi chithandizo chamankhwala wamba, monga momwe dokotala wanu walangizira.
- SAMe (S-adenosyl-methionine): Mankhwala opangidwa ndi thupi omwe amathandiza kupanga ma neurotransmitters.
- Mafuta a Omega-3: Izi, makamaka zomwe zimapezeka mu mafuta a nsomba, zingathandize kuchepetsa kutupa muubongo.
- Vitamini D: Kafukufuku akusonyeza kuti pali mgwirizano pakati pa kusowa kwa vitamini iyi, komwe kumachokera ku kuwala kwa dzuwa, ndi kuvutika maganizo.
Koma kumbukirani kuti si bwino kumwa mankhwalawa mwakufuna kwanu. Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu ndipo mugwiritse ntchito pokhapokha ngati akuvomereza. Chifukwa nthawi zina mankhwalawa amatha kusokonezana ndi mankhwala ena omwe mukumwa.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Mankhwala oletsa kuvutika maganizo ndi mtundu wa mankhwala omwe amasintha ntchito ya mankhwala a muubongo (neurotransmitters).
- Zingatenge milungu ingapo kapena miyezi ingapo kuti mankhwalawa agwire ntchito mokwanira, choncho ndikofunikira kukhala oleza mtima .
- Musayambe, kusintha mlingo, kapena kusiya mwadzidzidzi kumwa mankhwala aliwonse popanda upangiri wa dokotala. Kuchita zimenezi kungakhale koopsa.
- Uzani dokotala wanu za mankhwala ena aliwonse, mavitamini, kapena mankhwala azitsamba omwe mukumwa.
- Ngati zizindikiro zazikulu monga kusokonezeka maganizo, kutentha thupi kwambiri, ndi khunyu zichitika, pitani ku chipatala nthawi yomweyo ku Emergency Department (ETU), chifukwa mwina ndi serotonin syndrome.
- Ngati muli ndi nkhawa kapena mantha okhudza mankhwalawa, lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za izi momasuka.
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