Kodi mudamvapo za HTLV-1 (Human T-lymphotropic Virus type-1)? Tiyeni tikambirane za izi!

Mwina mwamvapo za mavairasi monga `HIV`. Koma mwina simunamvepo zambiri zokhudza kachilombo ka `HTLV-1`. Uwu ndi mtundu wa kachilombo komwe kamalowa m'maselo a thupi lathu ndikuyambitsa matenda. Koma musadandaule, kwa anthu ambiri izi sizingakhale vuto lalikulu. Koma ndi bwino kudziwa, eti? Tiyeni tiwone kuti `HTLV-1` ndi chiyani, momwe imakulira, komanso zomwe tingachite nazo.

Kodi `HTLV-1` ndi chiyani? Tiyeni timvetse mosavuta!

`HTLV-1` imayimira `Human T-lymphotropic Virus type-1` . Iyi ndi ya gulu la mavairasi otchedwa `Retrovirus`. Kodi mukukumbukira kuti tidalankhula za `HIV` (HIV) virus kukhala `Retrovirus`? Chimodzi mwazinthu zapadera za `Retrovirus` iyi ndikuti ikalowa m'maselo athu, chidziwitso chawo cha majini, ndiko kuti, `majini` awo, chimayikidwa mu `DNA` (DNA) ya maselo athu. Tangoganizirani ngati kachilombo kalowa m'kompyuta.

Kachilombo ka HIV ndi kachilombo ka HTLV-1 zimaukira maselo a T m'thupi lathu. Koma momwe amagwirira ntchito ndi zosiyana kwambiri. Kachilombo ka HIV kamawononga maselo a T ndikufooketsa chitetezo cha mthupi. Koma ka HTLV-1 sikawononga maselo a T otere. Ndipotu, anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HTLV-1 sasonyeza zizindikiro zilizonse. Amakhala ngati anthu athanzi.

Komabe, anthu ochepa kwambiri omwe ali ndi matendawa amakhala ndi matenda awiri patatha zaka zambiri, mwina patatha zaka 30 mpaka 60. Chimodzi ndi mtundu wa khansa ya m'magazi yotchedwa Adult T-cell Leukemia/Lymphoma (ATL kapena ATLL). Chinanso ndi matenda a mitsempha yotchedwa HTLV-1- associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis (HAM/TSP).

Kodi pali mitundu ina ya `HTLV`?

Inde, pali mitundu ingapo ya mavairasi a `HTLV` omwe amafalikira kwa anthu. Mwachitsanzo, pali `HTLV-1`, `HTLV-2`, `HTLV-3` ndi `HTLV-4`. Zonsezi zimayambitsa matenda kwa moyo wonse. Komabe, mpaka pano, `HTLV-1` yokha ndi yomwe imayambitsa matenda enaake.

Kodi `HTLV-1` iyi ndi yofala bwanji? Kodi imapezeka ku Sri Lanka?

Kachilombo ka `HTLV` kamapezeka m'madera ambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Akatswiri akuti anthu pakati pa 5 ndi 20 miliyoni padziko lonse lapansi ali ndi kachilombo ka `HTLV-1`. Komabe, kuchuluka kwa matendawa kumasiyana kwambiri malinga ndi mayiko ndi madera.

Mwachitsanzo, ku North America, anthu ochepera 1% ali ndi matendawa. Komabe, m'madera ena a Japan, Africa, South America, Australia, Iran, ndi madera ena a ku Caribbean, anthu oposa gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu aliwonse akuti ali ndi matendawa. N'zovuta kupeza deta yomveka bwino yokhudza momwe zinthu zilili ku Sri Lanka, koma ndikofunikira kudziwa za mavairasi otere.

Kodi zizindikiro za izi ndi ziti? Kodi zimachitikira aliyense?

Monga tanenera kale,Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HTLV-1 sasonyeza zizindikiro zilizonse. Sadziwa ngakhale pang'ono kuti ali ndi kachilomboka. Zizindikiro zimangowonekera patatha zaka zambiri kuchokera pamene kachilomboka kakufalikira, pamene matenda omwe atchulidwa kale, monga ATL kapena HAM/TSP, ayamba.

Zizindikiro za `ATL` (Adult T-cell Leukemia/Lymphoma) zitha kuphatikizapo:

• Kumva kutopa nthawi zonse (`Kutopa`)
• Ziphuphu pakhungu, matenda ofanana ndi eczema
• Ma lymph nodes otupa - monga m'khosi, m'khwapa, ndi m'mimba
• Kudzimbidwa
• Kutaya kukumbukira, chisokonezo
• Kupweteka kwa mafupa

Zizindikiro za `HAM/TSP` (HTLV-1-associated myopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis) zitha kuphatikizapo:

• Kufooka kapena kuuma komwe kumawonjezeka pang'onopang'ono mu mwendo umodzi kapena yonse iwiri
• Kupweteka kwa msana
• Kulephera kudziletsa mkodzo
• Kusanza m'miyendo, kumva kuwawa (Peripheral neuropathy)

Ndi matenda ena ati omwe angayambitsidwe ndi `HTLV-1`?

Pafupifupi munthu m'modzi mwa anthu 20 (pafupifupi 5%) omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HTLV-1 amakhala ndi matenda otchedwa ATL (khansa) kapena HAM/TSP (matenda a mitsempha).

• `ATL` ndi mtundu wa khansa yomwe imayamba m'magazi . Ilinso ndi mitundu ingapo (monga `acute`, `lymphoma`, `smoldering`, `chronic`). Chithandizo ndi nthawi yodziwira matenda a mtundu uliwonse zimatha kusiyana pang'ono.
• `HAM/TSP` ndi matenda omwe amakhudza mitsempha. Ali ndi zofanana ndi matenda a `Multiple Sclerosis` (`MS`). Amayambitsa kufooka kwa minofu ndi mavuto opitilira muyeso a mitsempha.

Kuwonjezera pa matenda awiri akuluakuluwa, ofufuza apeza kuti HTLV-1 ingayambitsenso matenda ena otupa komanso odziteteza ku matenda ena. Komabe, ubale weniweni pakati pa matendawa sunadziwikebe. Ena mwa matendawa ndi awa:

• Matenda a khungu
• Matenda a nyamakazi
• Kutupa kwa mkati mwa diso (`Uveitis`)
• Matenda a Sjögren

Kodi matenda okhudzana ndi HTLV-1 amakula bwanji? N’chifukwa chiyani si aliyense amene amadwala matendawa?

Kachilombo ka `HTLV-1` kakalowa m'thupi mwathu, kamapita molunjika ku maselo a `CD4` (omwe amadziwikanso kuti `helper T-cells`) m'thupi lathu. Maselo a `CD4` amenewa ali ngati apolisi a thupi lathu, mtundu wa selo lomwe limatiteteza ku matenda.

Tsopano, ma retrovirus monga HTLV-1 amanyamula chidziwitso chawo cha majini mu molekyulu yotchedwa RNA. Akalowa m'maselo athu, kachilomboka mwanzeru kamasintha RNA yake kukhala chinthu chofanana ndi DNA yomwe ili ndi chidziwitso cha maselo athu. Kenako, chidutswa cha DNA (chotchedwa provirus) chomwe chapangidwa chimadzilowetsa chokha mu DNA ya maselo athu. Mwanjira ina, kachilomboka kamalowetsa chidutswa chake mu pulogalamu yomwe imalamulira maselo athu.

Tsopano maselo athu, poganiza kuti gawo la 'DNA' ya kachilomboka ndi gawo lawolawo, akuyamba kupanga makope ambiri a kachilomboka. Makope atsopano a kachilombo ka 'HTLV' amenewa amapita ku maselo ambiri a 'CD4'. Ngakhale kuti kachilomboka kamafalikira m'thupi mwanjira imeneyi, nthawi zambiri sichimayambitsa zizindikiro zilizonse.

Komabe, mwa anthu ena, patatha zaka zambiri, matendawa amachititsa kuti matupi awo apange 'maselo a T' ambiri. Pamenepo ndi pamene vuto lotchedwa 'ATL' leukemia limachitika. Nthawi zina, kachilomboka kangalowe m'mitsempha yamagazi ndikuyambitsa vuto lotchedwa 'HAM/TSP'. Chifukwa chake izi zimachitikira anthu ena okha chikufufuzidwabe.

Kodi kachilombo ka `HTLV-1` kamafalikira bwanji kuchokera kwa munthu wina kupita kwa wina?

Pali njira zingapo zazikulu zomwe kachilombo ka `HTLV-1` kamafalikira. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kudziwa izi:

• Kudzera mu kugonana: kugonana kosadziteteza m'mimba, m'matako kapena mkamwa.
• Kuchokera kwa mayi kupita kwa mwana kudzera mu kuyamwitsa: Pamene mayi wodwala akuyamwitsa mwana wake.
• Mwa kugawana singano: Makamaka pakati pa anthu omwe amabaya mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
• Kawirikawiri: Kudzera mu kuikidwa magazi kapena kuikidwa ziwalo. Komabe, m'maiko ambiri, magazi ndi ziwalo zomwe zimaperekedwa zimayesedwa tsopano kuti zione ngati kachilomboka kalikonse, kotero kufalikira kudzera mu njira izi n'kosowa.

Ndani ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga `HTLV-1`?

Pali zinthu zingapo zomwe zimawonjezera chiopsezo cha matenda a HTLV-1:

• Kubaya mankhwala popanda mankhwala.
• Kubadwira kapena kukhala m'dera lomwe kachilombo ka `HTLV` kamapezeka kwambiri.

Madera ena omwe ali ndi chiŵerengero chachikulu cha matenda a HTLV-1 ndi awa:

• Kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Japan
• Mayiko aku Africa kum'mwera kwa chipululu cha Sahara ('Sub-Saharan Africa')
• Madera ena a ku South America
• Zilumba za ku Caribbean
• Kumpoto kwa Iran
• Central Australia

Chofunika: Ngakhale m'dziko lomwelo, kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi kachilomboka sikofanana m'madera onse. Madera ena ang'onoang'ono angakhale ndi kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi kachilomboka, ngakhale kuti chiwerengero chonsecho chili chochepa.

Kodi ndi mavuto otani omwe angayambitse matenda a HTLV-1?

Kachilombo ka `HTLV-1` kokha sikafooketsa chitetezo cha mthupi. Komabe, ngati `ATL` (khansa) kapena `HAM/TSP` (matenda amitsempha) ayamba, chitetezo cha mthupi chikhoza kufooka.Izi zingayambitse matenda opatsirana omwe nthawi zambiri sapezeka mwa anthu athanzi. Ena mwa matenda amenewa akhoza kukhala oopsa.

Kodi mungazindikire bwanji matenda a `HTLV-1` molondola?

Madokotala amazindikira matenda a HTLV-1 poyesa magazi. Kuyesaku kumafufuza ma antibodies (ma antibodies) omwe apangidwa m'thupi motsutsana ndi kachilombo ka HTLV, kapena kupezeka kwa majini a kachilomboka (RNA).

Komabe, iyi si mayeso achizolowezi kwa aliyense. Dokotala angakutumizireni mayesowa pazochitika zotsatirazi:

• Ngati muli ndi vuto la matenda (monga zizindikiro za ATL kapena HAM/TSP) zomwe mukuganiza kuti zingakhale zokhudzana ndi matenda a HTLV-1.
• Ngati mukukhala m'dera lomwe matenda a HTLV ndi ofala ndipo mukukonzekera kuyamwitsa.
• Ngati mukuyembekeza kukhala wopereka magazi kapena wopereka ziwalo (tsopano iyi ndi mayeso ofunikira m'malo ambiri).

Kodi pali mankhwala a `HTLV-1`? Kodi angachiritsidwe?

Kunena zoona, palibe mankhwala ochizira kachilombo ka `HTLV-1` pakadali pano. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kachilomboka sikangathe kuchotsedwa kwathunthu m'thupi. Komabe, pali mankhwala a matenda a `ATL` ndi `HAM/TSP` omwe amayamba chifukwa cha `HTLV-1`.

Izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala a `ATL` (khansa):

• Mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mitundu ina ya lymphoma, mwachitsanzo chemotherapy .
• Mankhwala oletsa mavairasi, monga zidovudine (Retrovir®) ndi interferon alfa. Komabe, si mitundu yonse ya ATL yomwe imayankha mankhwala oletsa mavairasi awa.
• Kusamutsa maselo oyambira. Izi sizingatheke kwa aliyense amene ali ndi ATL. Koma ngati zikuyenda bwino, zimatha kukulitsa moyo wa munthu.

Kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a mitsempha otchedwa `HAM/TSP`, njira zotsatirazi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochepetsa zizindikiro ndikupereka mpumulo:

• Mankhwala otchedwa "Interferon alfa".
• Chepetsani kutupa ndi mankhwala a `Corticosteroids`.
• Interferon beta. Izi zingathandize kuchepetsa kutupa ndi kupewa kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha.
• Chepetsani kuuma kwa minofu ndi kuuma kwa minofu pogwiritsa ntchito Baclofen (Lioresal ®) kapena tizanidine.
• Oxybutynin yokhudza kusadziletsa kwa mkodzo.

Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani ndikakhala ndi `HTLV-1`? Kodi ndiyenera kuda nkhawa?

Ichi ndi chinthu chofunika kwambiri. Si aliyense amene ali ndi kachilombo ka HTLV-1 amene angadwale ATL kapena HAM/TSP. Ndipotu, ambiri mwa anthu omwe ali ndi kachilomboka akhoza kukhala moyo wabwinobwino popanda kudwala matenda oopsawa.

Komabe, ngati mutakhala ndi matenda amenewa, chiyembekezo chimadalira mtundu wa matenda omwe muli nawo. Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a ATL omwe amatuluka utsi kapena osatha akhoza kukhala ndi zotsatira zabwino kuposa omwe ali ndi matenda ena. Ngakhale kuti HAM/TSP imayamba kuipiraipira pakapita nthawi, mutha kukhala ndi moyo kwa zaka zambiri mutapezeka ndi matendawa.

Kodi ndingadziteteze bwanji ku kachilombo ka `HTLV-1`? Kodi pali njira zopewera?

Inde, pali zinthu zomwe tingachite kuti tipewe kufalikira kwa kachilombo ka `HTLV-1`.

• Kuyesa magazi ndi ziwalo zoperekedwa kuti zione ngati HTLV-1 ndi yotani kungathandize kupewa kufalikira kwa kachilomboka.
• Mukhoza kuchita zinthu izi kuti muchepetse chiopsezo chanu:
• Pewani kubaya mankhwala popanda chilolezo cha dokotala.
• Pewani kugwiritsanso ntchito singano zomwezo zomwe munagwiritsa ntchito kapena kuzigawana ndi ena.
• Pewani kugonana mosadziteteza. Nthawi zonse gwiritsani ntchito kondomu ya latex mu mtundu uliwonse wa kugonana (kumaliseche, kumatako, kapena pakamwa).
• Ngati mwapezeka ndi kachilombo ka HTLV-1, pewani kuyamwitsa ndikupereka magazi. Ngati muli ndi HTLV-1 ndipo mukufuna kuyamwitsa, funsani upangiri kwa dokotala wodziwa bwino za HTLV-1. Kutulutsa mkaka wa m'mawere ndi kuuzizira, kenako kuusungunula, kungachepetse chiopsezo chopatsira kachilomboka kwa mwana wanu, koma ndikofunikira kufunafuna upangiri wa dokotala musanachite izi.

Kodi `HTLV` yabwino imatanthauza chiyani?

Kukhala ndi `HTLV` kumatanthauza kuti muli ndi `HTLV-1` kapena mtundu wina wa `HTLV` m'thupi lanu. Sizikutanthauza kuti mudzakhala ndi `ATL` kapena `HAM/TSP`. Ngati muli ndi `HTLV-1`, pali njira zodzitetezera zomwe mungachite kuti mupewe kufalitsa kachilomboka kwa ena (monga kusayamwitsa, kupewa kugonana mosadziteteza).

Kodi `HTLV` iyi ndi yoopsa bwanji?

Kachilombo ka `HTLV`, kakamwedwa kokha, nthawi zambiri sikoopsa ndipo sikuyambitsa zizindikiro. Komabe, ndikofunikira kudziwa za kachilomboka, chifukwa `HTLV-1` nthawi zina ingayambitse khansa, matenda amitsempha, kapena matenda otupa.

Kodi ndiyenera kupita kwa dokotala liti?

Ngati muli ndi mafunso okhudza kuyezetsa HTLV-1, kapena ngati muli ndi kachilombo ka HTLV-1 ndipo mukufuna kudziwa njira zodzitetezera zomwe muyenera kutsatira, onetsetsani kuti mwalankhula ndi dokotala. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kudziwa izi ngati mukukhala kudera lomwe kachilombo ka HTLV-1 ndi kofala.

Pomaliza, zinthu zoti muzikumbukira

Chabwino, takambirana zambiri za `HTLV-1,' sichoncho? Kumbukirani, ngakhale kuti kachilomboka kamapezeka padziko lonse lapansi, sikofala m'malo ambiri. Ndi ochepa chabe mwa anthu omwe ali ndi kachilomboka omwe amadwala matenda oopsa.

Chofunika kwambiri ndichakuti, musadandaule kuti mwapezeka ndi kachilombo ka HTLV-1.Anthu ambiri amatha kukhala ndi moyo wathanzi popanda zizindikiro zilizonse. Komabe, kudziwa za kachilomboka, momwe kamafalira, komanso momwe mungapewere kungakuthandizeni kudziteteza nokha komanso anthu omwe ali pafupi nanu.

Ngati muli ndi mafunso ena okhudza izi, musazengereze kufunsa dokotala wa banja lanu kapena dokotala wodziwa bwino izi. Khalani ndi thanzi labwino!

HTLV -1, Retrovirus, ATL, HAM/TSP, Khansa, Matenda a mitsempha, matenda a mavairasi