Tiyeni tiphunzire za njira yodabwitsa yolankhulirana m'thupi lanu: Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) Axis.

Kodi munayamba mwaganizapo kuti matupi athu ali ndi njira zodabwitsa zolumikizirana, kutanthauza njira zolumikizirana? Zili ngati netiweki ya foni. Njira imodzi yapadera yotereyi ndi HPA axis (Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) Axis) . Iyi ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri la thupi lathu lomwe ndi lofunikira poletsa kupsinjika . Kodi tikambirane za izi mwatsatanetsatane? Ndi chiyani, imagwira ntchito bwanji, ndipo imatichitira chiyani?

Kodi HPA axis iyi ndi ya chiyani? Kodi ndi ya mtundu wanji wa ziwalo za thupi?

Dzinali lingamveke ngati lovuta pang'ono, sichoncho? Koma mwachidule, HPA axis ndi gulu la ziwalo zitatu zazikulu m'thupi lathu. Zimagwira ntchito limodzi, ngati gulu. Zonse ndi gawo la dongosolo lathu la endocrine , lomwe ndi dongosolo lomwe limapanga mahomoni. Limatchedwanso neuroendocrine system , chifukwa limatulutsa mahomoni m'magazi poyankha zolimbikitsa kuchokera ku dongosolo la mitsempha.

Ndiye, kodi ziwalo zitatuzi ndi ziti?

• Hypothalamus: Iyi ili ngati malo owongolera mkati mwa ubongo wanu. Taganizirani ngati bolodi lalikulu la switch m'nyumba mwanu. Imasunga zinthu monga kutentha kwa thupi lanu, njala, momwe mumamvera, komanso momwe mumagona bwino. Imachita izi mwa kukhudza mwachindunji dongosolo lanu la mitsempha lodziyimira pawokha kapena mwa kuyang'anira mahomoni.

• Pituitary gland: Iyi ndi gland yofanana ndi nandolo yomwe ili pansi pa ubongo, pansi pa hypothalamus yomwe yatchulidwa kale. Ngakhale ili yaying'ono, ntchito yake ndi yayikulu kwambiri. Imapanga mahomoni ofunikira ambiri omwe ndi ofunikira m'thupi lathu. Imawongoleranso ntchito ya ma endocrine gland ena ambiri. Gawo lakunja la pituitary gland iyi, lotchedwa anterior pituitary, limalumikizidwa ndi HPA axis.

• Ma adrenal glands: Awa ali pamwamba pa impso zanu, ngati zipewa zazing'ono. Ndi ma adrenal glands awiri ang'onoang'ono, okhala ndi mawonekedwe a triangular. Amapanganso mahomoni apadera omwe amathandiza kuwongolera ntchito zambiri zofunika m'matupi athu. Mbali yakunja ya ma adrenal glands amenewa, yotchedwa adrenal cortex, imagwira ntchito mu HPA axis.

Mwamvetsa? Atatu awa ndi omwe ali ndi udindo waukulu mu HPA axis.

Ndiye, kodi ntchito ya HPA iyi ndi yotani? N’chifukwa chiyani ndi yofunika kwambiri kwa ife?

Mwachidule, ntchito yaikulu komanso yofunika kwambiri ya HPA axis ndikupanga ndikutulutsa mahomoni otchedwa cortisol m'magazi. Mwina munamvapo za cortisol iyi ngati 'hormone yovutitsa'. Ili m'gulu la mahomoni otchedwa steroid otchedwa glucocorticoids .

Kotero, muli ndi kupsinjika, zovuta, mantha, nkhawa (timazitcha iziMukakumana ndi vuto la kupsinjika maganizo, thupi lanu nthawi yomweyo limakonzekera kuthana nalo mwa kuyambitsa HPA axis ndikutulutsa cortisol. Iyi ndi njira yodziwikiratu yokha komanso yachibadwa.

Tangoganizirani, ngati mukuyenda mumsewu ndipo mwadzidzidzi galu akukuthamangirani, kugunda kwa mtima wanu kumathamanga, thupi lanu limatuluka thukuta, ndipo kupuma kwanu kumathamanga, sichoncho? Nthawi ngati zimenezo, HPA axis iyi ndi yomwe imakukonzekeretsani kukumana ndi vuto limenelo.

Komanso, kodi mwamvapo za 'nkhondo kapena kuthawa' ? Ndi momwe matupi athu amakonzekera nthawi yomweyo kumenyana (nkhondo) kapena kuthawa (kuthawa) tikawona zoopsa. Izi zimagwirizananso kwambiri ndi HPA axis, komanso hormone adrenaline (epinephrine), yomwe imapangidwa ndi gawo lina la adrenal glands.

Matupi athu a anthu adapangidwa kuti azitha kuthana ndi kupsinjika maganizo. Tikakumana ndi mavuto ndi kusintha, matupi athu amachitapo kanthu kwakanthawi kochepa, mwakuthupi komanso m'maganizo, kuti azitha kusintha. Kuyankha kumeneku nthawi zina kumakhala kwabwino. Kumatipangitsa kukhala tcheru, kutilimbikitsa kuchitapo kanthu, komanso kutithandiza kupewa zoopsa. Komabe, kupsinjika maganizo kosatha , kapena kwa nthawi yayitali, kungakhale kovulaza matupi athu.

Kodi mzere wa HPA umagwira ntchito bwanji? Kodi unyolo uwu wa mahomoni umagwira ntchito bwanji?

Izi zimachitika ngati kuti zinthu zachitika motsatizana. Tangoganizirani kuti mwadzidzidzi mwakumana ndi vuto, mantha, kapena vuto lalikulu. Kenako izi ndi zomwe zimachitika:

1. Choyamba, dongosolo lanu la mitsempha lodziyimira palokha limazindikira vutoli ndikutumiza uthenga ku hypothalamus yomwe ili muubongo wanu, kuti, "Mwadzidzidzi! Chitanipo kanthu tsopano!"

2. Hypothalamus ikalandira chizindikiro chimenecho, imatulutsa mahomoni otchedwa corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) m'magazi.

3. Homoni iyi ya CRH imayenda m'magazi ndipo imauza pituitary gland kuti, "Chabwino, tsopano ndi nthawi yanu!" Kenako pituitary gland imatulutsanso homoni ina yotchedwa adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) .

4. Pomaliza, ndi hormone iyi ya ACTH yomwe imayenda m'magazi ndikugwira ntchito pa adrenal cortex , yomwe ili pamwamba pa impso, ndikuiuza kuti "ipange cortisol!"

Mukuona? Ndi njira yomwe imachitika pang'onopang'ono, yolumikizidwa chimodzi ndi chinzake.

Koma, izi sizimachitika nthawi zonse. Chifukwa zikanakhala choncho, sizikanakhala zabwino kwa matupi athu. HPA axis imapangidwa ndi negative feedback loop yofooka kwambiri.Ndiko kuti, pamene kuchuluka kwa cortisol m'magazi kukukwera kufika pamlingo wofunikira, kuchuluka kwa cortisol kumabwerera m'mbuyo ndikupereka chizindikiro ku hypothalamus ndi pituitary gland, "Zakwanira, siyani kupanga CRH ndi ACTH." Ichi ndichifukwa chake mayankho athu a kupsinjika amalamulidwa, kuyatsidwa pokhapokha ngati pakufunika kutero, ndikubwerera m'malo abwinobwino.

Komabe, tikakhala ndi nkhawa nthawi zonse kapena mopitirira muyeso, kapena pazifukwa zina, zolakwika zina zingachitike pakugwira ntchito kwa HPA axis iyi.

Kodi ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zimakhudza HPA axis? Kodi pali mavuto omwe angabwere ndi dongosololi?

Inde, mzere wa HPA ukhoza kugwira ntchito mopitirira muyeso, koma ukhozanso kukhala wosagwira ntchito mokwanira.

Kulephera kwa HPA axis

Tikakhala ndi nkhawa nthawi zonse, ntchito ya HPA axis iyi imatha kusokonekera, ndipo kuchuluka kwa cortisol m'thupi kumatha kukhalabe kokwera nthawi zonse . Matendawa nthawi zambiri amatchedwa HPA axis dysfunction . Kuchuluka kwa cortisol komwe kumakhalapo nthawi zonse kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha mavuto osiyanasiyana azaumoyo. Mwachitsanzo:

• Kusagwira bwino ntchito kwa chitetezo chamthupi: Kuwonjezeka kwa chiwopsezo cha matenda, kuwonjezeka kwa kutupa m'thupi lonse, komanso chiopsezo chotenga matenda enaake a chitetezo chamthupi (monga matenda omwe chitetezo chamthupi chimaukira maselo ake).
• Mavuto amisala: Matenda a maganizo (monga kuvutika maganizo), matenda a nkhawa , ndi matenda ovutika maganizo pambuyo pa zoopsa (PTSD) angachitike.
• Matenda a kagayidwe kachakudya: Matenda a shuga , kunenepa kwambiri , ndi mitundu ina ya khansa zingawonjezere chiopsezo.
• Matenda a mtima: Zinthu monga kuthamanga kwa magazi komanso kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha yamagazi.

Kuphatikiza apo, ofufuza akupeza kuti kusokonekera kwa HPA axis kungagwirizane ndi kutayika kwa kukumbukira ndi matenda a neurodegenerative monga matenda a Alzheimer's . Kusokonekera kwa HPA axis ndi lingaliro lovuta la thupi. Zomwe zimayambitsa komanso zotsatira zake pa thanzi zikufufuzidwabe.

Kodi pali mankhwala a izi?

Mpaka pano, palibe chithandizo chachindunji chomwe chimayang'ana kusokonekera kwa HPA axis. Komabe, ofufuza akugwira ntchito mwakhama kuti agwirizanitse izi ndi matenda osiyanasiyana ndikupanga chithandizo.

Kuletsa kwa HPA axis

Kumbali ina, nthawi zina mzere wa HPA ukhoza kukhala wosagwira ntchito. Izi zimatchedwaKuletsa kwa HPA axis . Vutoli limatha kuchitika makamaka tikamagwiritsa ntchito glucocorticoids yopangidwa kunja, kapena corticosteroids (monga prednisolone), pa matenda ena kwa nthawi yayitali.

Kodi ndi zinthu ziti zomwe corticosteroids zimagwiritsidwa ntchito?

• Mphumu
• COPD (Matenda Osatha Oletsa Kupuma) - ndiko kuti, matenda osatha a m'mapapo.
• Pambuyo poika ziwalo zina
• Kwa mitundu ina ya khansa
• Matenda a nyamakazi (monga nyamakazi)
• Matenda ena opweteka

Pamene HPA axis ikuponderezedwa motere, kupanga kwa cortisol m'thupi kumachepa. Izi zimafooketsa mphamvu ya thupi yoyankha kupsinjika maganizo komanso zimachepetsa mphamvu ya thupi yolimbana ndi matenda. Kuchepa kwa cortisol kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha matenda opatsirana pafupipafupi, nthawi zina oopsa. Nthawi zina, kuponderezedwa kwa HPA axis kungayambitse vuto lalikulu lomwe lingayambitse imfa lotchedwa adrenal crisis .

Komabe, si aliyense amene angavutike ndi HPA axis depression chifukwa chomwa mankhwala a corticosteroid. Komabe, ngati mukumwa mankhwala awa, ndikofunikira kulankhula ndi dokotala wanu za zotsatirapo zake ndi zoopsa zake ndikudziwitsidwa bwino.

Kodi timasunga bwanji HPA axis yathu kukhala yathanzi?

Ndiye, kodi tingasamalire bwanji HPA axis iyi yamtengo wapatali ndikuisunga ikugwira ntchito bwino? Ndipotu, ofufuza akuphunzirabe zambiri za HPA axis iyi ndi zomwe tingachite kuti titeteze. Koma, chinthu chabwino komanso chofunikira kwambiri pakali pano ndikulamulira kupsinjika maganizo ndikukuwongolera bwino.

Inde, sitingathe kuchotsa kwathunthu nkhawa zonse m'miyoyo yathu. Zimenezo sizothandiza. Koma tingayese kuchepetsa kuwonongeka komwe kumachitika m'thupi lathu mwa kupewa kuti tisamavutike.

Nazi zinthu zosavuta zomwe mungawonjezere pa moyo wanu watsiku ndi tsiku zomwe zingakuthandizeni:

• Yesani kuchita zinthu zopumulira: Yesani kuchita zinthu monga kusinkhasinkha , yoga , kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi opumira kwambiri, komanso njira zopumulira minofu kwa mphindi zochepa patsiku. Izi zikuthandizani kukhazika mtima pansi.
• Samalirani thupi lanu bwino: Idyani zakudya zopatsa thanzi komanso zopatsa thanzi. Muzichita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse. Mugone mokwanira (nthawi zambiri maola 7-8) tsiku lililonse.
• Khalani ndi maganizo abwino: Yang'anani chilichonse m'njira yabwino. Khalani oyamikira komanso osangalala ndi zomwe muli nazo.
• Siyani zinthu zomwe simungathe kuzilamulira:Dziwani kuti sitingathe kulamulira chilichonse m'dziko lino. Palibe chifukwa chokhalira ndi nkhawa nthawi zonse ndi zinthu zomwe simungathe kuzisintha.
• Zolowerani kunena kuti 'ayi': Ngati muli otanganidwa kwambiri, ngati mukumva kale kupsinjika maganizo, musatenge maudindo ndi ntchito zina zowonjezera ndikupangitsani kupsinjika maganizo kwambiri.
• Khalani ndi nthawi ndi anthu omwe amakuthandizani ndikukusangalatsani: Khalani ndi nthawi yochulukirapo ndi anzanu abwino ndi abale omwe amakutonthozani, amakusekani, amakupatsani mphamvu zamaganizo, komanso amapereka chithandizo chofunikira pakafunika kutero.

Ngati mukuda nkhawa ndi nkhawa yanu ndipo mukuona kuti ikuyamba kukuvutani, musazengereze kufunsa dokotala wanu kapena katswiri wazaumoyo wodalirika kuti akuthandizeni ndi kukulangizani.

Pomaliza, chinthu chofunika kwambiri kukumbukira

Kupsinjika maganizo ndi chinthu chomwe tonsefe timakumana nacho pamlingo winawake m'miyoyo yathu, ndi gawo la zomwe anthufe timakumana nazo. Mwamwayi, matupi athu ali ndi njira yanzeru komanso yapadera yotchedwa HPA axis yothanirana ndi ziwopsezo ndi zovuta zotere ndikutiteteza ku zoopsa.

Komabe, tiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti tikakumana ndi nkhawa yochulukirapo kapena yayitali, kukhazikika kwa HPA axis iyi kumatayika, kugwira ntchito kwake kumasokonekera, ndipo mavuto osiyanasiyana azaumoyo amatha kuchitika. Ofufuza akuphunzirabe mkati ndi kunja kwa HPA axis iyi, kutanthauza, ntchito zake zonse mozama.

Pakadali pano, chinthu chabwino kwambiri chomwe tingachite ndikuyesera kupewa zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa kupsinjika maganizo momwe tingathere ndikuthana ndi kupsinjika maganizo komwe kumachitika. Ngati mukumva kuti moyo wanu ndi wopsinjika kwambiri ndipo mukukumana ndi zovuta, lankhulani ndi dokotala za izi. Ali okonzeka kukuthandizani ndi kukutsogolerani.

HPA axis, nkhawa, cortisol, hypothalamus, pituitary gland, adrenal glands, mahomoni