Kodi mukudziwadi za 'mankhwala opumira' oopsa awa? Tiyeni tikambirane za iwo mwatsatanetsatane!

Kodi munamvapo mawu oti 'inhalants'? Mwina munamvapo mnzanu kapena wachibale akulankhula za iwo. Kodi awa ndi chiyani kwenikweni? Kodi mukudziwa momwe alili oopsa? Nthawi zambiri ana aang'ono amagwera mumsampha woopsawu chifukwa cha kusadziwa. Kotero, lero tikambirana za 'inhalants' izi, zotsatira zake, ndi momwe tingadzitetezere ku iwo, chabwino?

Kodi 'zopumira' zimenezi ndi ziti?

Mwachidule, mankhwala opumira ndi mankhwala omwe anthu amapumira kudzera m'mphuno zawo kuti apeze mpweya wokwera kapena wokwera. Ndi oopsa kwambiri. Nkhani yake ndi yakuti, mankhwala awa nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'zinthu zapakhomo za tsiku ndi tsiku kapena kuntchito. Utsi umene amatulutsa ndi umene umagwiritsidwa ntchito motere. Mukapumira utsi uwu, ndiko kuti, mukaupumira kudzera m'mphuno mwanu, umafika msanga muubongo wanu ndikupanga 'kukwera' komwe ndatchula. Koma ngati mupitiliza kuzigwiritsa ntchito, zimatha kukhala ndi zotsatirapo zoyipa kwambiri, zosasinthika. Kuwonongeka kwa ubongo, kutaya chidziwitso ndi chikomokere, ndipo nthawi zina ngakhale imfa.

Timapumanso zinthu zina, monga mankhwala ena. Koma mawu oti 'inhalants' amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ponena za zinthu zomwe zimangopumidwa. Anthu ena amagwiritsa ntchito mawu monga 'huffing', 'bagging', ndi 'dusting' pofotokoza momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito.

Kodi mumagwiritsa ntchito bwanji izi?

Anthu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opumira amawapumira kudzera m'mphuno kapena pakamwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Taganizirani izi,

• Anthu ena amapuma nthunzi mwachindunji kudzera m'mphuno mwawo kuchokera mu botolo, chitini, kapena chotsukira.
• Ma spray a aerosol amathiridwa mwachindunji m'mphuno kapena pakamwa.
• Nsalu yoviikidwa mu mankhwala imasungidwa mkamwa kapena mphuno ndikupumira.

Ena amaika zinthuzi mu buluni kapena thumba la pulasitiki n’kuzinunkhiza. Izi zimatchedwa "thumba." Anthu ena amazipaka pa makola a malaya awo kapena m’manja mwawo n’kuzinunkhiza pang’onopang’ono. Kupsa mtima kwa zinthu zopumira kumatenga mphindi zochepa chabe. Choncho, anthu amene amagwiritsa ntchito zimenezi amapitiriza kuzinunkhiza kwa maola ambiri kuti chisangalalocho chiwonjezeke. Izi n’zoopsa kwambiri.

Ndani amene amakopeka kwambiri ndi zimenezi?

Kawirikawiri, ana ndi achinyamata amagwiritsa ntchito 'mankhwala opumira' awa. Chifukwa cha izi ndichakuti zinthuzi n'zosavuta kuzipeza, ndipo amayesa izi asanagwiritse ntchito mankhwala ena. Nthawi zambiri, kugwiritsa ntchito kumeneku kumafika pachimake pa zaka 14-15. Koma taganizirani izi, pali nthawi zina pomwe ana azaka 5-6 amagwiritsa ntchito zinthuzi.

Nthawi zambiri, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opumira kumachepa akafika zaka 17-19. Komabe, anthu ena amapitiriza kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa mpaka atakula. Kugwiritsa ntchito kumeneku n’kofala kwambiri pakati pa anyamata.

Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opumira kwanenedwanso kuti ndikofala kwambiri pakati pa anthu omwe adakumana ndi zotsatirazi:

• Kuzunzidwa mwakuthupi kapena kugonana
• Kuchita nawo zinthu zosaloledwa
• Kuvutika maganizo
• Maganizo odzipha
• Mikangano ya m'banja
• Khalidwe lachiwawa
• Matenda ena ogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo

Komanso, kugwiritsa ntchito kumeneku n’kokwera kwambiri pakati pa anthu omwe ali ndi ndalama zochepa, omwe ali ndi matenda amisala, omwe amakhala kumidzi, komanso omwe ali ndi ulova wambiri.

Kodi pali mitundu iti ya mankhwala opumira?

Pali zinthu zoposa 1,000 zomwe timagwiritsa ntchito tsiku lililonse m'nyumba zathu ndi kuntchito zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati "zopumira." Anthu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zinthuzi amakopeka nazo chifukwa n'zosavuta kuzipeza, zotsika mtengo, zosavuta kubisa, ndipo zitha kupezeka mwalamulo. Pali mitundu inayi ikuluikulu ya "zopumira":

• Zosungunulira zosinthasintha
• Ma Aerosol
• Mitundu ya Mpweya
• Ma nitrite

Tsopano tiyeni tiwone mtundu uliwonse wa izi.

Kodi zosungunulira zosinthasintha ndi chiyani?

Zosungunulira zosinthasintha ndi zakumwa zomwe zimaphwanyika mosavuta kutentha kwa chipinda. Zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana zapakhomo ndi zamafakitale. Nazi zitsanzo zingapo:

• Zopaka utoto - Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri popaka utoto m'nyumba.
• Zochotsa utoto - Izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchotsa utoto wakale.
• Zotsukira mafuta - Zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchotsa mafuta ndi mafuta.
• Petroli - Palibe chapadera chonena pa izi.
• Simenti ya rabara
• Madzi opepuka
• Guluu - Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya guluu, izi ndizosavuta kupeza kwa ana.
• Zochotsa utoto wa misomali - chinthu chomwe chimapezeka nthawi zambiri m'nyumba.
• Madzi oyeretsera ouma
• Zinthu zokonza - zinthu monga Tipex.
• Zizindikiro za nsonga za felt - Ana ena amagwiritsanso ntchito izi.

Kodi 'Aerosols' ndi chiyani?

Ma aerosol ndi zinthu zolimba kapena zamadzimadzi zomwe zili mu chidebe chopanikizika. Izi zitha kutulutsidwa ngati spray. Zitsanzo:

• Utoto wopopera
• Utsi wothira deodorant
• Chopopera tsitsi
• Mafuta opopera a masamba
• Chotsukira nsalu

Kodi mpweya umakhudzana bwanji ndi izi?

Izi zikuphatikizapo mankhwala oletsa ululu m'thupi, komanso mpweya womwe umapezeka m'ziwiya zapakhomo. Zitsanzo za mankhwala oletsa ululu m'thupi:

• Chloroform
• Halothane
• Nitrous oxide (yomwe imadziwikanso kuti gasi loseka)

Mwa mpweya uwu , nitrous oxide ndiye wogwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika kwambiri. Umapezeka m'ma dispenser a whipped cream ndi m'ma canister a propellant (omwe amatchedwanso whippets). Umapezekanso m'zinthu zomwe zimawonjezera kuchuluka kwa octane m'magalimoto othamanga. Umapezekanso m'ma lighter a butane apakhomo, matanki a propane, ndi m'mafiriji.

Kodi mitundu yotchedwa ``Nitrites`` nayonso ndi yoopsa?

Ma nitrite ndi mtundu wa mankhwala opangidwa ndi mankhwala. Amapezeka mu zotsukira chikopa, fungo lamadzimadzi, ndi zochotsera fungo m'chipinda. Amatchedwa poppers kapena snappers. Ma nitrite amakhudza mwachindunji dongosolo lanu la mitsempha. Amakulitsa mitsempha yamagazi ndikumasula minofu yosalala. Chifukwa cha kuthekera kwawo kumasula minofu yosalala, akhala otchuka kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito ngati njira yowonjezera chilakolako chogonana. Pali mitundu ingapo ya ma nitrite:

• Cyclohexyl nitrite
• Isoamyl (amyl) nitrite
• Isobutyl (butyl) nitrite

Kodi mayina ena ('maina amisewu') ndi ati omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa izi?

Pali mayina angapo a 'zopumira', omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malembo. Mwina munamvapo mayina awa:

• Chromeing
• Gasi/mafuta
• Guluu/guluu
• Huff
• Mpweya woseketsa
• Ma poppers
• Kuthamanga
• Snappers
• Kununkhiza (`Kununkhiza`)
• Ma Whippet

Kodi zotsatira zake za inhalants nthawi yomweyo ndi ziti?

Mankhwala opumira amakhudza aliyense mosiyana. Zinthu zingapo zimatsimikiza momwe amakhudzira thupi lanu:

• Thanzi lanu lonse, kukula kwa thupi lanu, ndi kulemera kwanu.
• Kaya mudagwiritsapo ntchito mankhwala awa kale (ndiko kuti, 'kulekerera' kwa thupi).
• Kaya munkagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ena panthawiyo.
• Kodi mumagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ochuluka bwanji awa?
• Kodi mumagwiritsa ntchito mtundu wanji wa mankhwala opumira?
• Mpweya umene mumapuma umakhala woyera kwambiri mukamanunkhiza.
• Kuchuluka kwa masewera olimbitsa thupi omwe mumachita musanayambe komanso mutapuma.

Mankhwala ambiri opumira amakhudza dongosolo lanu la mitsempha. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, amachedwetsa ntchito ya ubongo wanu. Nazi zina mwa zotsatira za mankhwalawa:

• Kukhala wokonzeka kutenga zoopsa popanda mantha kapena kukayikira.
• Kusatha kulamulira thupi.
• Nkhaniyo imasokonekera, kapena kusokonekera.
• Kutaya mphamvu m'thupi.
• Kumva chisangalalo chachikulu ('kusangalala kwambiri').
• Chizungulire, kutaya chidziwitso.
• Kusanza.
• Mutu.
• Kufiira kwa mphuno, maso, ndi pakhosi, komanso mphuno yotuluka madzi.
• Maganizo amasokonezeka.
• Kuona zinthu zisilu.

Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani ngati mumwa mopitirira muyeso? Ndi zoopsa kwambiri, sichoncho?

Mankhwala opumira amakhala mphindi zochepa chabe. Choncho anthu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa amapitirizabe kupuma kwa maola ambiri kuti apitirire. Izi ndi zoopsa kwambiri. Ngati mupitiliza kugwiritsa ntchito motere, mutha kutaya chikumbumtima kenako nkufa.

Pali chinthu chotchedwa "Imfa Yodzidzimutsa". Chomwe chimachitika n'chakuti ngakhale munthu wathanzi wopanda matenda enaake amatha kufa mwadzidzidzi atagwiritsa ntchito chopumira koyamba m'moyo wake. Tangoganizirani momwe zimenezo zilili zoopsa. Makamaka mukamagwiritsa ntchito mpweya monga propane, butane, ndi mankhwala omwe ali mu aerosols, mwayi wa "Imfa Yodzidzimutsa" ndi wokwera kwambiri.

Mankhwala opumira amatha kupha munthu m'njira zina. Mwachitsanzo, kupuma movutikira kungayambitse imfa m'njira zotsatirazi:

• Kupuma mobwerezabwereza: Izi zimaphatikizapo kupuma mpweya wambiri wopumira m'mapapu anu, ndikuchotsa mpweya womwe uli mmenemo.
• Kupuma Movutikira: Mukapuma mpweya ndi thumba la pulasitiki pamutu panu, mapapu anu amatsekedwa kwathunthu ndi mpweya.
• Kutsamwa: Mukatha kupuma mankhwala opumira, mutha kusanza, ndipo kusanzako kungamatirire pakhosi panu ndikupangitsa imfa.

Kodi zotsatirapo zake zazikulu ndi ziti zomwe zimachitika chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opumira kwa nthawi yayitali?

Ngati mupitiliza kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opumira, mutha kukhala ndi zotsatirapo zoopsa komanso za nthawi yayitali. Izi zikuphatikizapo:

• Mkwiyo ndi kuvutika maganizo kosalekeza.
• Kutaya kukumbukira.
• Kuchepa kwa mphamvu yoganizira zinthu.
• Ziphuphu kuzungulira pakamwa.
• Khungu lotumbululuka (`Pallor`).
• Kuchepetsa thupi.
• Kumva kutopa nthawi zonse.
• Ludzu lochuluka (polydipsia).
• Kutaya fungo (anosmia) ndi vuto la kumva.
• Kugunda kwa mtima kosakhazikika.
• Zilonda zam'mimba.

Zotsatirapo zoopsa kwambiri zitha kuchitika:

• Kugwedezeka.
• Kuwonongeka kwa minofu ya mtima.
• Kuwonongeka kwa chiwindi ndi impso.
• Kuchedwa kukula kwa khalidwe mwa ana ndi achinyamata.
• Kuwonongeka kwa ubongo kosatha.
• Kulowa mu chikomokere.
• Pomaliza, imfa.

Kodi mankhwala opumira amayambitsa hypoxia?

Inde, ndithudi. Mankhwala opumira amachotsa mpweya m'mapapo mwanu ndikuletsa thupi lanu kuti lisalandire mpweya. Izi ndi zomwe timatcha hypoxia . Mwachidule, hypoxia ndi pamene minofu ya thupi lanu silandira mpweya wokwanira. Mukudziwa, maselo athu amafunika mpweya kuti apange mphamvu, ndipo minofu ndi ziwalo zathu zimafunikira mpweya kuti zigwire ntchito bwino. Ndiye, chimachitika ndi chiyani tikapanda mpweya wokwanira? Minofu ina singavulale chifukwa cha kusowa kwa mpweya kwa kanthawi kochepa. Koma ngati muli ndi hypoxia, ikhoza kuwononga ziwalo zanu kwambiri. Tangoganizirani zomwe zingachitike ngati ubongo sunalandire mpweya wokwanira!

Kodi mungakhale ndi chizolowezi cha 'zopumira' izi?

Inde, mungathe. Ngati mupitiliza kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opumira, mutha kukhala oledzera nawo mwachangu kwambiri. Mukayamba kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, mumayamba kumva kuti kugwiritsa ntchito ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pamoyo wanu. Ntchito ya kusukulu, ntchito, ubale ndi anzanu - mankhwalawa amakhala ofunikira kwambiri kuposa zonsezi. Pakapita nthawi, mumakhala ndi "kulekerera" kapena kukana, mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Kenako, mumafunika mankhwala ambiri kuti mukhale ndi "kukweza" komweko komwe munkagwiritsa ntchito kale. Anthu ena amathanso kukhala ndi vuto lotchedwa "Inhalant Use Disorder".

Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba

Mankhwala opumira ndi chinthu chomwe anthu ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito kuti amve 'kukweza' mwachangu, kutanthauza kuti, akumva kuledzera. Koma vuto ndilakuti, 'kukweza' sikukhalitsa nthawi yayitali. Ndicho chifukwa chake anthu amakonda kupitiriza kupuma kwa maola ambiri. Komanso, thupi lanu likhoza kukhala ndi 'kulekerera', kutanthauza, kukana, mankhwala opumira. Kenako muyenera kupuma mochulukira kuti mumve 'kukweza' komweko.

Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opumira kungayambitse chizolowezi, zotsatira zoopsa pa thanzi, kutaya chidziwitso, kukomoka, komanso ngakhale imfa.

Ngati inu kapena munthu amene mumamudziwa akulimbana ndi vuto la "Inhalants", chonde funsani thandizo kwa dokotala kapena mlangizi woyenerera. Lidzakhala gawo lopulumutsa moyo. Kumbukirani, palibe manyazi kupempha thandizo kuti muthetse vutoli.

Mankhwala opumira, mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kuledzera, unyamata, zotsatirapo za thanzi, kuwonongeka kwa ubongo, imfa yadzidzidzi