Kodi inunso mukuvutika kulamulira moyo wanu chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo? (Matenda Ogwiritsa Ntchito Mankhwala Osokoneza Bongo - SUD) Tiyeni tikambirane izi!

Kodi nthawi zina mumamva, kapena mukudziwa wina amene amamva choncho, kuti kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, mwina mowa, ndudu, kapena mankhwala ena, kwapitirira muyeso? Zimene zinayamba ngati zosangalatsa pang'ono, koma tsopano zakhala zofunikira ndipo zina zonse m'moyo wanu zasokonekera? Ngati ndi choncho, nkhaniyi idzakhala yofunika kwambiri kwa inu. Lero tikambirana za vuto lotchedwa `Substance Use Disorder (SUD)`.

Kodi vuto la kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo (SUD) ndi chiyani?

Mwachidule, vuto la kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo (SUD) ndi vuto la thanzi la maganizo lomwe limayambitsa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo kwambiri moti limasokoneza thanzi lanu, moyo wanu, komanso ubale wanu. Linkatchedwanso "kuledzera mankhwala osokoneza bongo" kale.

Taganizirani izi, tikamagwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa, ntchito za ubongo wathu zimasintha pang'onopang'ono. Mankhwalawa amatulutsa mankhwala otchedwa `(Dopamine)` mu ubongo wathu. `(Dopamine)` iyi ndi yomwe imatipangitsa kumva osangalala komanso abwino. Koma kenako, mphamvu ya mankhwalawa ikatha, chimwemwecho chimathanso. Kenako ubongo ndi thupi zimafunanso kumva "bwino" kachiwiri. Kaya zili zoipa bwanji pa thanzi lanu, kufunikira kumeneko kumapitirira. Izi zitha kukhudza kwambiri thanzi lanu la maganizo, ubale wa m'banja, maphunziro, ndi ntchito. Nthawi zina, izi zitha kukhala zoopsa pa moyo wanu.

Matendawa (SUD) angakhudze munthu aliyense mosiyanasiyana. Ena angakumane ndi zizindikiro zochepa , ena zizindikiro zochepa , ndipo ena angakumane ndi zizindikiro zoopsa . Kaya muli kuti, kumbukirani kuti vutoli ndi lochiritsika , ndipo pali njira zambiri zopezera thandizo ngati mwakonzeka.

Kodi mitundu ya matenda ogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo (SUD) ndi iti?

Pali mitundu ingapo ya mankhwala omwe angayambitse vutoli. Mitundu yodziwika kwambiri ndi iyi:

• Mavuto okhudzana ndi kumwa mowa ('Matenda ogwiritsira ntchito mowa').
• Mavuto okhudzana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito cocaine ('vuto la kugwiritsa ntchito cocaine').
• Mavuto okhudzana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito chamba (`Matenda ogwiritsira ntchito chamba`).
• Mavuto okhudzana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito fodya ('Matenda ogwiritsira ntchito fodya').
• Mavuto okhudzana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito methamphetamine (monga ayezi) (`Methamphetamine use disorder`).
• Mavuto okhudzana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ochepetsa ululu monga heroin ndi morphine ('Opioid use disorder').

Nthawi zina munthu akhoza kukhala ndi chizolowezi chogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo angapo. Mwachitsanzo, kugwiritsa ntchito fodya pamodzi ndi mowa. Izi zimatchedwa "Polysubstance use disorder".

Ndipotu, monga m'maiko ambiri padziko lonse lapansi, mtundu umodzi wofala kwambiri wa "SUD" womwe umapezeka m'dziko lathu ndi mavuto okhudzana ndi mowa.

Kodi zizindikiro za vutoli ndi ziti?

Zizindikiro za vuto la kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo zimatha kusiyana kutengera mtundu wa mankhwala omwe mukugwiritsa ntchito. Pali magulu awiri akuluakulu a zizindikiro:

1. Kuledzera: Izi ndi zotsatira zachangu komanso za nthawi yochepa zomwe munthu amapeza akamamwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Zingaphatikizepo kugona, kugona tulo, kusangalala kwambiri, komanso kukhudzidwa mtima kwambiri. Zingakhudzenso kuweruza kwanu, kupanga zisankho, komanso kugwira ntchito kwanu kwa thupi ndi maganizo.

2. Zizindikiro zosiya kumwa: Izi ndi zizindikiro zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha zotsatira za mankhwala pakapita nthawi ndipo mankhwalawo akutuluka pang'onopang'ono m'thupi. Izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosasangalatsa. Zitha kuphatikizapo nseru ndi kusanza, kutsegula m'mimba, thukuta, kusowa tulo, kugwedezeka kwa minofu, komanso kusintha kwa maganizo.

Kodi zizindikiro za vuto la kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo (SUD) ndi ziti?

Malinga ndi buku la American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, zizindikiro za matenda otchedwa ``(SUD)'' zitha kuphatikizapo:

• Kumwa mankhwala (makamaka mankhwala olembedwa ndi dokotala) mopitirira muyeso wolembedwa kapena kwa nthawi yayitali kuposa nthawi yolembedwa.
• Chilakolako champhamvu kapena chilakolako chofuna kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
• Kulephera kwa kuyesa kuchepetsa kapena kuwongolera kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
• Kuthera nthawi yambiri kupeza, kugwiritsa ntchito, kapena kuchira ku zotsatira za mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
• Kuvutika kukwaniritsa maudindo kuntchito, kusukulu, kapena kunyumba chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
• Kupitiriza kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo ngakhale kuti pali mavuto muubwenzi.
• Kusiya kuchita zinthu zolimbitsa thupi, zantchito, kapena zosangalatsa chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
• Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo mobwerezabwereza , ngakhale kudziwa kuti kungakhale koopsa kwa inu nokha.
• Kupitiriza kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo ngakhale muli ndi vuto la thupi kapena la maganizo lomwe lingayambitsidwe kapena kukulitsidwa ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
• Kukula kwa kulolera (kufunika kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa mankhwala kuti mupeze zotsatira zomwezo - `kulolera`).
• Kumva zizindikiro zosiya kumwa mankhwala , zomwe zimachepa mukamwa mankhwala ambiri.

Ngati mukuganiza kuti muli ndi chimodzi mwa zizindikiro izi, ndikofunikira kwambiri kupeza upangiri wa dokotala mwachangu momwe mungathere.

Nchifukwa chiyani mavuto obwera chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo (SUD) amachitika?

Chifukwa chenicheni cha izi sichikudziwikabe. Komabe, kafukufuku akusonyeza kuti chizolowezi cha mankhwala osokoneza bongo chikhoza kukhala chifukwa cha kusintha kwa "dongosolo la mphotho" muubongo wanu. Mwachidule, ubongo umazolowera chisangalalo chakanthawi chomwe mankhwala osokoneza bongo amapereka, kenako n’kuchilakalaka.

Kodi vuto la kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo (SUD) limayamba bwanji?

Kafukufuku wapeza kuti zinthu zambiri zingathandize pakukula kwa vutoli la ``(SUD)``. Mwachitsanzo:

• Kukakamizidwa ndi anthu: Kusonkhezeredwa ndi anzanu, kuuzidwa kuti "yesani pang'ono" pa maphwando ndi zochitika.
• Chidwi: Chikhumbo chofuna kudziwa momwe zimakhalira kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
• Kukweza magwiridwe antchito: Anthu ena amaganiza kuti izi ziwathandiza kuchita bwino kuntchito kapena pophunzira mayeso.
• Kuchepetsa nkhawa: Kuyesa kuchepetsa nkhawa, nkhawa, mantha, ndi kuvutika maganizo kwakanthawi.

Kachitidwe kamene nthawi zambiri kamatsogolera ku vuto la `(SUD)` kangawoneke motere:

1. Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala mwachiyembekezo (kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala mwachilolezo): Kuyesa mankhwala koyamba kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala monga momwe dokotala wanenera.

2. Kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi zina: Kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi zina, monga m'malo ochezera, mukamacheza ndi anzanu, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala m'njira ina yosiyana ndi yomwe dokotala wakupatsani.

3. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri: Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo mosalekeza, pafupifupi tsiku lililonse, kapena masiku angapo aliwonse.

4. Matenda Ogwiritsa Ntchito Mankhwala Osokoneza Bongo (SUD): Matenda omwe munthu amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo tsiku lililonse kapena kangapo patsiku. Palibe nthawi yokwanira yoti munthu azitha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo.

Ichi ndi chitsanzo chabe, chifukwa vutoli lingasiyane kwambiri kuchokera kwa munthu ndi munthu, ndipo kuopsa kwake kumasiyananso.

Ndani ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matenda obwera chifukwa cha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo (SUD)?

Matendawa angakhudze aliyense, mosasamala kanthu za msinkhu, fuko, jenda, kapena momwe alili pa zachuma. Komabe, mungakhale pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matendawa pazifukwa zotsatirazi:

• Ngati muli kale ndi vuto lina la maganizo (monga kuvutika maganizo, nkhawa).
• Ngati wina m'banja mwanu (wachibale wanu weniweni) ali ndi vuto la `(SUD)`.
• Ngati mwakumanapo ndi zovuta paubwana wanu.
• Ngati pali vuto la majini (kusintha kwina kwa majini kungayambitse ma SUDs kuchitika pafupipafupi).
• Kukumana ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo kapena kuwapeza mosavuta .

Kodi ndi mavuto otani omwe angabwere chifukwa cha vutoli?

Vuto lofala komanso loopsa la SUD ndi kumwa mankhwala mopitirira muyeso . Kumwa mankhwala mopitirira muyeso kumachitika mukamwa mankhwala ochulukirapo. Izi ndi zadzidzidzi zachipatala!

Mankhwala osiyanasiyana amakhudza ziwalo zosiyanasiyana za thupi. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mumwa opioid mopitirira muyeso, imakhudza gawo la ubongo wanu lomwe limalamulira kupuma. Ngati simulandira chithandizo mwachangu, kupuma kwanu kungachedwetse, kuyimitsa, komanso kungayambitse imfa.

Pali mavuto ambiri omwe angachitike ndi SUD, ndipo amasiyana malinga ndi kuopsa kwa vutoli komanso mtundu wa mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mavuto ofala kwambiri ndi awa:

• Khansa .
• Kuvutika maganizo .
• Matenda (monga `(Chiwindi B)`, `(Chiwindi C)` ndi `(HIV)`).
• Kutaya kukumbukira .
• Mavuto a maphunziro kapena ntchito .
• Mavuto mu ubale wa anthu .
• Khalidwe losatetezeka, losaloledwa, kapena loopsa .

Kodi vuto la kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo (SUD) limapezeka bwanji?

Palibe mayeso amodzi oti apeze vutoli. M'malo mwake, madokotala adzafufuza bwino mbiri yanu yachipatala komanso momwe mumagwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Angayesenso mankhwala kuti aone kuchuluka kwa mankhwala ndi mitundu yanji yomwe ili m'thupi lanu nthawi imodzi.

Dokotala adzakufunsaninso za mbiri yanu ya matenda amisala, chifukwa nthawi zambiri matenda a SUD amakhalapo limodzi ndi matenda ena amisala.

Malinga ndi buku la American Psychiatric Association (DSM-5), kuti munthu apezeke ndi matenda otchedwa "SUD", ayenera kukhala ndi zizindikiro ziwiri mwa zomwe zalembedwa mu gawo la zizindikiro mkati mwa miyezi 12 .

Ndikofunikanso kukumbukira kuti vutoli likhoza kukhala ndi kuopsa kosiyanasiyana:

• Ngati pali zizindikiro ziwiri kapena zitatu , ndi vuto lochepa la `(SUD)`.
• Ngati pali zizindikiro zinayi kapena zisanu , ndi vuto la `(SUD)` locheperako .
• Ngati pali zizindikiro zisanu ndi chimodzi kapena kuposerapo , ndi vuto lalikulu la `(SUD)`.

Kodi mankhwala ochizira izi ndi otani?

Gawo loyamba pochiza SUD ndikuwongolera kusiya mankhwala . Izi zimaphatikizapo kusiya kumwa mankhwalawo ndikulola kuti achoke m'thupi lanu. Izi zimatchedwanso detox. Kutengera ndi kuopsa kwa vutoli, dokotala angapereke mankhwala ochepetsa zotsatira za kusiya mankhwala, zomwe zingakhale zovuta kwambiri, mwakuthupi komanso m'maganizo.

Mukamaliza `Detox`, mutha kupitiriza ndi mankhwala monga awa:

• Uphungu ndi Chithandizo .
• Mankhwala .

Chithandizo cha SUD chimaperekedwa payekhapayekha . Mungafunike mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chithandizo nthawi zosiyanasiyana paulendo wanu wochira. Pali malo osiyanasiyana ochiritsira, kuphatikizapo malo okhala ndi odwala akunja, madera ochiritsira a nthawi yochepa komanso yayitali.

Chithandizo

Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mankhwala omwe angathandize kuchiza matenda a SUD ndi matenda ena amisala omwe angakhalepo nthawi imodzi. Ena mwa mankhwala othandiza kwambiri a SUD mwa akuluakulu ndi awa:

• Chithandizo cha Anthu Odzidalira (ACT):Iyi ndi njira yothandiza anthu ammudzi pankhani ya chisamaliro cha matenda amisala, osati malo ogonera odwala kapena kuchipatala. Ndi njira yopangidwira anthu payekha. Ndondomeko yanu ya chithandizo imakonzedwa kuti igwirizane ndi mphamvu zanu, zosowa zanu, komanso zolinga zanu zamtsogolo.
• Chithandizo cha Maganizo (CBT): Izi zimakuthandizani kuzindikira makhalidwe anu ovuta komanso momwe mumaganizira. Mutha kukhazikitsa zolinga zothetsera mavuto mwanjira yabwino.
• Kusamalira zochitika zosayembekezereka: Chithandizochi chimalimbikitsa kukhazikitsa zolinga zanu. Mukakwaniritsa cholinga, mumalandira mphotho.
• Chithandizo cha Makhalidwe Okhudzana ndi Kulankhula (DBT): Ichi ndi chithandizo cholankhula, chofanana ndi CBT. Chimakuthandizani kuthetsa malingaliro amphamvu ndikumvetsetsa momwe malingaliro anu amakhudzira khalidwe lanu.
• Chithandizo cha m'banja: Izi zimathandiza kukonza ubale ndi machitidwe m'banja kapena gulu.
• Chithandizo cholimbikitsa chilimbikitso: Izi zimakulimbikitsani kukhazikitsa zolinga zomwe mungathe kuzikwaniritsa. Mlangizi wa zaumoyo wamaganizo adzakulimbikitsani kuti mugwire ntchito kukwaniritsa zolingazo.
• Magulu Ochiritsira (TCs): Ichi ndi chithandizo cha nthawi yayitali chomwe chimathandiza anthu kukhala ndi makhalidwe atsopano komanso abwino okhudzana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso matenda ena okhudzana ndi thanzi la maganizo.

Kutenga nawo mbali m'magulu odzithandiza okha monga Narcotics Anonymous kungathandizenso pochiza matenda a SUD. Mapulogalamuwa amathandiza anthu kusintha khalidwe lawo kudzera mu kudzithandiza okha komanso kuthandiza anzawo. Chithandizo chamagulu chimathandiza anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a SUD kuti asamwe mowa komanso kupewa mankhwala osokoneza bongo.

Madokotala angalimbikitse njira zimenezi zokha kapena kuphatikiza ndi mankhwala.

Mankhwala ogwiritsidwa ntchito pa izi

Mankhwala angathandize kuchiza matenda ena a SUD mwa kusintha momwe ubongo wanu umagwirira ntchito. Angathandizenso kuchepetsa chilakolako ndi zizindikiro zosiya kumwa mankhwala.

Zina mwa njira zothandizira mankhwala zomwe zavomerezedwa ndi US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ndi izi:

• Kwa ma opioid: `(Methadone)`, `(Buprenorphine)` ndi `(Naltrexone)`.
• Za mowa: `(Naltrexone)`, `(Acamprosate)` ndi `(Disulfiram)`.
• Pa fodya: ma nicotine patches, spray ya m'mphuno, chingamu chotafuna kapena ma lozenges; `(Bupropion)` kapena `(Varenicline)`.

Kodi mavuto okhudzana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo (SUD) angapewedwe?

Si milandu yonse ya SUD yomwe ingapewedwe, chifukwa pali zinthu zambiri zomwe zimapangitsa kuti vutoli lipitirire (zambiri zomwe simungathe kuzilamulira). Komabe, mutha kuchitapo kanthu kuti muchepetse chiopsezo chanu.

Mwa kupereka maphunziro m'masukulu, m'madera, komanso m'mabanja, kungachepetse chiopsezo chogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala koyamba kapena kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika mankhwala omwe mwalandira kuchokera kwa dokotala. Njira zina zopewera SUD ndi izi:

• Tsatirani malangizo omwe ali pa mankhwala anu molondola. Musamwe mankhwala ochulukirapo kuposa omwe mwapatsidwa. Mwachitsanzo, mavuto okhudzana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito opioid angayambe patangopita masiku asanu okha mutagwiritsa ntchito molakwika.
• Musagawire mankhwala anu ndi munthu wina aliyense kapena kugulitsa mankhwala anu. Nthawi zonse muwasunge pamalo otetezeka omwe ana sangawafikire.
• Ngati muli ndi mankhwala otsala (monga ma opioid) kumapeto kwa chithandizo, pezani pulogalamu yosonkhanitsira mankhwala m'dera lanu kapena pulogalamu yotumizira mankhwala ku pharmacy kuti muwataye mosamala .

Chiwopsezo cha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo chimawonjezeka panthawi yamavuto ndi kusintha kwa moyo. Kwa wamkulu, zinthu monga kusudzulana, kutayika kwa ntchito, kapena imfa ya wokondedwa zimatha kuwonjezera chiopsezo cha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Kwa mwana wamng'ono, zinthu monga kusamuka, kusudzulana kwa banja, kapena kusintha sukulu zimatha kuwonjezera chiopsezo. Panthawi ya kusintha ngati kumeneku, ndikofunikira kupeza njira zabwino zothetsera vutoli, monga kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kusinkhasinkha, kapena kuphunzira chizolowezi chatsopano. Ngati mukuvutika kuthana ndi kupsinjika maganizo, onani mlangizi wa zaumoyo wamaganizo .

Kodi chiyembekezo cha vutoli n'chiyani?

Kuyezetsa kwa matendawa kumadalira zinthu zingapo:

• Mtundu ndi kuuma kwa `(SUD)`.
• Mlingo wodzipereka pa chithandizo ndi kuchira.
• Zotsatira za majini .
• Kodi mumachita bwanji mukakhala ndi nkhawa?

Kuledzera ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi matenda omwe munthu amakhala nawo kwa moyo wake wonse . Komabe, kuchira n'kotheka . Anthu osiyanasiyana amapeza chipambano m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Anthu ambiri amapeza chipambano kudzera m'magulu othandizira monga Narcotics Anonymous ndi chithandizo chopitilira.

Kubwereranso m'mbuyo n'kofala mu SUD. Kubwereranso m'mbuyo kumachitika mukasiya kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa kwa nthawi ndithu kenako n'kuyambanso kugwiritsa ntchito. Kenako muyenera kuchotsa poizoni m'thupi ndikuyambanso chithandizo. Izi zitha kukhala zovuta. Mutha kubwereranso m'mbuyo patatha zaka zambiri mutagwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa komaliza. Ngati muli pachiwopsezo chobwereranso m'mbuyo, zingakhale zothandiza kwambiri kukhala ndi chithandizo champhamvu chomwe mungachikhulupirire.

Dokotala wanu ayenera kuwunikanso dongosolo lanu la chithandizo nthawi zonse. Ndizachilendo kuti zolinga zanu kapena moyo wanu zisinthe. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mungafunike kuyesa chithandizo china kapena mankhwala atsopano. Dokotala angakuthandizeni kusintha zomwe mukufuna pa moyo wanu wonse.

Kodi muyenera kupita kwa dokotala liti?

Ngati mukugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala nthawi zonse ndipo mukuda nkhawa kuti chizolowezichi chikuyamba kukhala chomwe simungathe kuchisiya nokha, ndikofunikira kulankhula ndi dokotala . Muthanso kupeza malangizo kuchokera kwa dokotala amomwe mungalankhulire ndi ana anu za SUD komanso momwe mungawathandizire ngati akuganiza kuti ali pachiwopsezo.

Matenda Ogwiritsa Ntchito Mankhwala Osokoneza Bongo (SUD) ndi vuto lovuta la thanzi la maganizo. Chifukwa chakuti mankhwala osokoneza bongo amasintha momwe ubongo wanu umagwirira ntchito, zingakhale zovuta kusiya kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, ngakhale mutafuna. Komabe, si kulakwa kupempha thandizo ngati mukufunikira, ngakhale kuti ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zovuta kwambiri kuchita.

Pomaliza, muyenera kunena...

Chithandizo ndi chovuta. Kuchotsa poizoni m'thupi n'kosasangalatsa. Chithandizocho chimakutopetsa kwambiri. Koma kuchira n'kofunika kwambiri. Pamene mukuyamba ulendo wanu wochiza, mungafune kupempha thandizo kwa mnzanu wodalirika kapena wachibale wanu. Chilimbikitso chawo chingakhale chomwe chikukulimbikitsani kuti mukalankhule ndi dokotala.

Popeza SUD ndi matenda osatha, mungafunike chisamaliro chopitilira moyo wanu wonse. Kumbukirani, gulu lanu losamalira lili nanu panjira iliyonse. Simuyenera kudutsa ulendowu nokha. Pemphani thandizo, ndipo chitani bwino.

Mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kuledzera, thanzi la maganizo, mowa, fodya, chithandizo, kuchira