Kodi "Kusadziwa Malamulo" n'chiyani? Tiyeni tikambirane izi mwachidule!

Mwina mwamvapo mawu akuti "Legally Blind." Koma mwina mukudabwa kuti, "Kodi zimenezi zikutanthauza kuti simungaone konse? Kapena zikutanthauza china chake?" Ichi ndi chinthu chomwe chikufunika kufotokozedwa bwino. Chifukwa si mawu azachipatala omwe madokotala nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito. Ndiye, tiyeni tikambirane za izi mwatsatanetsatane, sichoncho?

Kodi tanthauzo la "Legally Blind" kwenikweni ndi chiyani?

Mwachidule, "Legally Blind" ndi mawu ovomerezeka ndi malamulo komanso olamulira okhudza vuto lalikulu la maso. Si mawu azachipatala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokoza matenda. M'malo mwake, amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mabungwe monga mabungwe aboma kuti adziwe omwe ali oyenerera kulandira mfundo zosiyanasiyana ndi maubwino okhudzana ndi kutayika kwa maso. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, ngati luso la munthu loona, kapena luso lake loona, ndi lofanana kapena locheperapo kuposa milingo iyi, munthuyo amaonedwa kuti ndi "wosaona mwalamulo."

Taganizirani izi motere, anthu ena sangathe kuwona bwino ngakhale ndi magalasi. Pazochitika zotere, boma limatha kuyeza momwe maso awo alili oipa ndikupereka mpumulo. Chinthu ichi "chosazindikira mwalamulo" chili choncho.

Kodi kusiyana pakati pa khungu lopanda kanthu ndi "khungu lovomerezeka" ndi kotani?

Tikanena kuti "akhungu," anthu ambiri amaganiza za mkhalidwe womwe sangathe kuwona chilichonse, chilichonse chimakhala chakuda kwambiri. Madokotala amatcha izi "No Light Perception" (NLP) . Izi zikutanthauza kuti sangathe kuwona ngakhale kuwala pang'ono. Komabe, si aliyense amene ali ndi khungu lomwe limagwera m'gululi. Ndipotu, 15% yokha ya anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a maso ndi akhungu kwathunthu. 85% ena ali ndi masomphenya ena. Izi zikutanthauza kuti nthawi zina amatha kuwerenga zilembo zazikulu, kuzindikira zinthu zazikulu, kapena kusiyanitsa kuwala ndi mdima.

"Kukhala wakhungu mwalamulo" kumatanthauza kuti munthu ali ndi masomphenya enaake, koma sikokwanira kuti alandire mpumulo kuchokera ku lamulo.

Kodi "kusadziwa mwalamulo" kumatsimikiziridwa bwanji? (Chitsanzo cha ku America)

Njira yomwe "kuzindikira mwalamulo" kumeneku kumadziwikira ikhoza kusiyana pang'ono malinga ndi dziko. Tiyeni tiwone momwe zimachitikira ku United States, mwachitsanzo. Kumeneko, Social Security Administration (SSA) ndi bungwe la boma lomwe limakhazikitsa malamulo. Amagwiritsa ntchito tanthauzo lomwe linayambitsidwa ndi American Medical Association mu 1934.

Malinga ndi tanthauzo limenelo, kuti munthu akhale "wakhungu mwalamulo," chimodzi mwa izi chiyenera kukhala chowonadi:

• Ngakhale mutavala magalasi kapena ma contact lenses, maso anu m'diso lanu labwino ayenera kukhala 20/200 kapena kuposa pamenepo. Izi zikutanthauza masomphenya omwe ali pakati pa malo anu owonera. Ngati diso lanu limodzi ndi labwino kuposa linalo, muyeso umatengedwa m'diso labwino.
• Malo anu owonera sayenera kupitirira madigiri 20.Izi zikutanthauza kuti mtunda umene mungawone uyenera kukhala wochepa kwambiri. Ndiponso, ngati gawo la masomphenya la diso limodzi ndi lalikulu kuposa linzake, muyeso umatengedwa kuchokera ku diso labwino kwambirilo.

Chofunika: Ili ndi tanthauzo lochokera ku United States. Pakhoza kukhala matanthauzidwe kapena njira zosiyanasiyana ku Sri Lanka kapena mayiko ena. Koma lingaliro loyambira ndi lofanana kwambiri - kutanthauza kuti, vuto lalikulu la masomphenya.

Kodi masomphenya a 20/200 ndi chiyani? Tiyeni timvetse mosavuta

Tikayezetsa maso athu, madokotala amatipatsa manambala awiri, mwachitsanzo 20/20, 20/40, 20/200. Kodi izi zikutanthauza chiyani?

Kawirikawiri, masomphenya a 20/20 amaonedwa kuti ndi athanzi komanso abwinobwino.

Tsopano tiyeni tiwone tanthauzo la 20/200:

• Nambala yoyamba (20) ndi kutalika kwa momwe mukuonera chinthu (m'mapazi).
• Nambala yachiwiri (200) ndi kutalika komwe munthu amene ali ndi maso abwinobwino amatha kuwona chinthu chomwecho bwino.

Mwachidule, munthu amene ali ndi masomphenya a 20/200 ayenera kuyandikira pafupifupi mamita 20 kuti aone chinthu chomwe munthu amene ali ndi masomphenya a 20/20 angathe kuchiwona bwino ali pamtunda wa mamita 200. Apo ayi, chinthucho chiyenera kukhala chachikulu kuwirikiza kakhumi kuti chiwoneke bwino patali.

Tangoganizirani, ngati mukuyenda mumsewu ndipo munthu wabwinobwino akhoza kuwerenga nambala ya basi ali pamtunda wa mamita 200, inu, omwe muli ndi masomphenya a 20/200, muyenera kudikira mpaka mutafika mamita 20 kuchokera pa basi kuti muwerenge. Kodi mukumvetsa?

• Ngati nambala yachiwiri ndi yaying'ono (monga 20/15), zikutanthauza kuti maso anu ndi abwino kuposa apakati.
• Ngati nambala yachiwiri ndi yayikulu (monga 20/200), zikutanthauza kuti maso anu ndi ofooka kuposa apakati.

Kodi mayiko ena padziko lonse lapansi amaona bwanji nkhaniyi?

Ngakhale kuti malire a "akhungu mwalamulo" ku United States ndi 20/200, mayiko ena amagwiritsa ntchito mawu ena kapena amafotokoza milingo yoopsa kwambiri ya vuto la masomphenya.

Mwachitsanzo, dziko la United Kingdom (UK) limagwiritsa ntchito njira yoyezera. Pamenepo, masomphenya a 6/60 (omwe ali ofanana ndi 20/200) amaonedwa kuti ndi "osawona bwino (osawona bwino)" . Ali ndi malire a 6/150 (omwe ali ofanana ndi 20/500 mapazi) ndipo amawatcha kuti "osawona bwino kwambiri (osawona bwino) .

Komanso, mayiko ambiri padziko lonse lapansi amadalira bungwe la World Health Organization (WHO) International Classification of Diseases (ICD) kuti apeze matanthauzidwe awo azamalamulo. Kope la 11 laposachedwa la ICD limagawa mavuto a maso, omwe ali ndi magulu atatu a "khungu."

ICD imagawa kuwonongeka kwa maso ndi khungu motsatira mfundo izi:

• Kulephera kuwona bwino: Kuona m'diso labwino kwambiri, ndi magalasi, ndi kochepera 6/12 koma kofanana kapena koposa 6/18.
• Kulephera kuwona bwino:Mu diso labwino kwambiri, masomphenya okhala ndi magalasi ndi ochepera 6/18 koma ofanana kapena abwino kuposa 6/60.
• Kulephera kuwona bwino: Kuona m'diso labwino kwambiri, pogwiritsa ntchito magalasi, ndi kochepera 6/60 koma kofanana kapena koposa 3/60 (kapena kopanda kuwona bwino). (Izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zofanana ndi "khungu lovomerezeka").
• Khungu: Kuona m'diso labwino kwambiri, ndi magalasi, ndi kochepera 3/60, kapena malo owonera ndi ochepera madigiri 10. (Palinso magulu ena mkati mwake).

Kodi "khungu lalamulo" ndi lofala bwanji?

"Kukhala ndi vuto la maso lovomerezeka mwalamulo" si vuto lofala. Koma akatswiri akuyembekeza kuti chiwerengero cha anthu omwe ali ndi vutoli chidzawonjezeka mofulumira m'zaka zikubwerazi. Kafukufuku wa 2016 adawonetsa kuti anthu opitilira miliyoni imodzi ku United States akukwaniritsa muyezo wa masomphenya a 20/200. Kafukufuku yemweyo adawonetsanso kuti chiwerengerochi chidzawirikiza kawiri pofika chaka cha 2050.

Izi zitha kukhala chifukwa cha matenda a maso omwe amabwera chifukwa cha ukalamba (monga matenda a maso, glaucoma, kuwonongeka kwa maso komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha ukalamba) komanso kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa maso chifukwa cha matenda monga matenda a shuga.

Kodi ndingapeze bwanji satifiketi ya "khungu lalamulo" ili? (Njira yachizolowezi)

Njira yopezera satifiketi yamtunduwu imatha kusiyana malinga ndi mayiko. Ku United States, Social Security Administration (SSA) ndiye bungwe lalikulu lomwe limakhazikitsa ziyeneretso za izi.

Kawirikawiri, nazi zinthu zina zomwe mungaone kuti ndizofunikira kudziwa pankhani yopeza satifiketi ngati iyi:

• Mabungwe angapereke zolemba zanu zachipatala: Ngakhale kuti mungafunike kupereka umboni wotsimikizira kuti ndinu "wakhungu mwalamulo," mabungwe angakuthandizeni kusonkhanitsa umboniwo ngati pakufunika kutero. Akhoza kupempha zolemba kuchokera kwa dokotala wa maso kapena othandizira ena azaumoyo. Koma amafunika chilolezo chanu kuti achite zimenezo.
• Dokotala wanu ndiye gwero lalikulu la chidziwitso: koma ngati mulibe, kapena ngati dokotala wanu sangathe kukwaniritsa zofunikira zowunika pazifukwa zina, bungweli likhoza kukonza kafukufuku wothandizana kuti lidziwe ngati mukukwaniritsa zofunikira za "khungu lovomerezeka."
• Mungakhalebe oyenerera kulandira satifiketiyi ngakhale kutayika kwa masomphenya kwanu sikuli kwamuyaya: Ngakhale kufooka kwa masomphenya kwanu kungakhale kwakanthawi kapena kosinthika, sikungakhale cholepheretsa kulandira maubwino otere. Zimatengera malamulo ndi mfundo za dziko lomwe likukhudzidwa.

Ku Sri Lanka, mutha kupeza zambiri zokhudza kulandira chithandizo ndi ntchito zokhudzana ndi mavuto otere kuchokera ku mabungwe monga Dipatimenti Yoona za Anthu . Komanso, dokotala wanu wa maso adzatha kukupatsani malangizo pankhaniyi.

Ndi maubwino otani omwe alipo ngati muli "osazindikira mwalamulo"?

Mukangovomerezedwa kuti ndinu "wakhungu mwalamulo," mutha kukhala oyenerera kulandira maubwino ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana m'maiko osiyanasiyana. Tiyeni tiwone maubwino ena a boma omwe alipo ku United States mwachitsanzo:

• Malipiro a mwezi uliwonse a Inshuwalansi ya Anthu Olemala (SSDI) .
• Malipiro a Mwezi ndi Mwezi a Ndalama Zowonjezera za Chitetezo (SSI) (izi zitha kusiyana malinga ndi boma).
• Inshuwalansi kudzera mu Medicare (ngakhale mutakhala kuti simunakwanitse zaka 65).

Izi ndi zitsanzo chabe kuchokera ku United States. Pakhoza kukhala mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chithandizo ku Sri Lanka kapena mayiko ena. Izi zitha kuphatikizapo thandizo la ndalama, thandizo la maphunziro, malo apadera opezera ntchito, thandizo la maulendo, ndi zipangizo zothandizira (monga ndodo zoyera, mapulogalamu apadera).

Ngati mukufuna kudziwa zambiri za izi, mutha kufunsa dokotala wa maso, opereka chithandizo chamankhwala, kapena mabungwe aboma oyenerera (monga Dipatimenti Yoona za Utumiki Wachitukuko).

Chofunika kwambiri: Uthenga wofunika kuutsatira

Pomaliza, nayi nkhani. "Kukhala wakhungu mwalamulo" si chizindikiro chomwe chimakudziwitsani. Ndi udindo wovomerezeka womwe umakuthandizani kupeza maubwino ndi ntchito zokhudzana ndi khungu. Mabungwe aboma amagwiritsa ntchito mawuwa pofotokoza zomwe muyenera kukwaniritsa kuti muyenerere maubwino ndi ntchito zina.

Ngati inu kapena munthu amene mumamudziwa ali ndi vuto la maso, musachite mantha. Pitani kwa katswiri wa maso kuti akupatseni upangiri. Angakuuzeni bwino momwe mulili, mankhwala omwe alipo, komanso momwe mungalembetsere maubwino otere ngati pakufunika kutero. Kumbukirani, sikuchedwa kupempha thandizo.

Kusawona bwino mwalamulo , kulephera kuwona bwino, kulephera kuwona bwino, thanzi la maso, masomphenya 20/200, maubwino a chitetezo cha anthu, gawo la masomphenya