Kodi amuna nawonso angatenge khansa ya m'mawere? (Khansa ya m'mawere ya amuna) Tiyeni tikambirane za izi!

Tikamaganiza za khansa ya m'mawere, timaganiza za akazi, eti? Anthu ambiri amaganiza kuti iyi ndi matenda omwe amakhudza akazi okha. Koma kodi mumadziwa kuti amuna amathanso kutenga khansa ya m'mawere (Khansa ya m'mawere ya amuna). Zoona, ndi yosowa kwambiri. Pafupifupi munthu m'modzi mwa odwala 100 a khansa ya m'mawere ndi mwamuna. Koma, sitingathe kunyalanyaza chifukwa chakuti ndi yosowa kwambiri. Ngati mupeza chotupa kapena chotupa pachifuwa panu, musachinene kuti "O, izi sizichitika kwa amuna." Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuwonetsa chotupa chilichonse chokayikitsa kwa dokotala ndikuchiyesa.

Kodi Khansa ya M'mawere ya Amuna ndi Chiyani?

Mwachidule, khansa ya m'mawere ya amuna ndi pamene maselo omwe ali m'mafupa a m'mawere anu amayamba kukula modabwitsa komanso mosalamulirika. Amuna nawonso ali ndi minofu ya m'mawere, monga akazi, koma pang'ono. Ndi m'mafupa amenewa momwe khansa ingayambire.

Ndikofunikira kwambiri kudziwa za vutoli ku Sri Lanka. Chifukwa, nthawi zina chifukwa cha manyazi kapena malingaliro olakwika akuti "ndi khansa ya m'mawere ya amuna?", anthu ambiri amachedwa kupita kwa dokotala ngakhale atakhala ndi zizindikiro. Izi zimawonjezera mwayi woti matendawa achuluke.

Kodi mitundu ya khansa ya m'mawere ya amuna ndi iti?

Khansa iyi imayambira m'mabere omwe ali pachifuwa chanu. Mabere a amuna, monga a akazi, ali ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timatulutsa mkaka (lobules) ndi machubu ang'onoang'ono (ducts) omwe amanyamula mkaka (ngati alipo) kupita ku nipple. Komabe, mwa amuna, izi sizili zazikulu, chifukwa sizifunika kuyamwitsa. Chifukwa chake, nthawi zambiri, khansa iyi imayambira m'machubu. Pali njira ziwiri zazikulu:

• Khansa ya m'mawere: Mtundu uwu wa khansa umakhala ndi anthu 9 mwa 10 omwe ali ndi khansa ya m'mawere ya amuna. Mu mtundu uwu, khansa imayamba m'mitsempha yonyamula mkaka kenako imafalikira ku ziwalo zina za bere. Pali mitundu iwiri ya khansa iyi:
• Khansa ya m'mimba yolowa m'thupi: Iyi ndi mtundu wofala kwambiri. Khansa imayambira m'mitsempha ya m'mimba ndikufalikira ku minofu yozungulira bere.
• Khansa ya m'mimba (DCIS): Izi sizichitika kawirikawiri. Pano, khansa ili mkati mwa ducts ndipo sinafalikire kunja kwake.

• Kansa ya Lobular: Iyi ndi mtundu wa khansa yomwe imayamba m'maselo opanga mkaka (ma lobules). Kansa ya Lobular yofalikira imatanthauza kuti yafalikira ku minofu yozungulira. Komabe, mtundu uwu ndi wosowa kwambiri mwa amuna, chifukwa amuna amakhala ndi ma lobules ochepa kwambiri kapena alibe.

Chofunika kwambiri n'chakuti, nthawi zina maselo a khansa amakhala ndi ma receptor apadera ofanana ndi 'antenna'. Pamene mahomoni ena amamangirira ku tinyanga timeneti, maselo a khansa amayamba kugawikana ndikukula mofulumira. Taganizirani izi ngati kiyi yopezera loko. Nthawi zambiri khansa ya m'mawere ya amuna,Pali ma receptor omwe amayankha mahomoni a estrogen ndi progesterone. Mtundu wofala kwambiri wa khansa ya m'mapapo mwa amuna ndi estrogen receptor-positive (ER+).

Kodi zizindikiro za khansa ya m'mawere ya amuna ndi ziti?

Kawirikawiri chizindikiro choyamba chimakhala chotupa cholimba komanso chosapweteka m'mawere, nthawi zambiri pansi pa nipple . Zizindikiro zina zingaphatikizepo:

• Chotupa m'khwapa.
• Khungu pachifuwa ndi lolimba, ngati khungu la lalanje, ndipo limaoneka ngati maenje.
• Khungu pachifuwa kapena m'mawere limakhala lofiira komanso lotupa.
• Kumva kupweteka kapena kufinya pachifuwa kapena m'khwapa.
• Madzi oyera kapena china chake chofanana ndi magazi ochokera mu nipple, kapena nipple yozungulira.

Ngati mukuona chinthu chonga ichi, musaganize kuti, "Izi zangochitika kumene." Pitani kwa dokotala nthawi yomweyo.

Kodi ndi zifukwa ziti zomwe zimayambitsa khansa ya m'mawere ya amuna?

Kunena zoona, khansa ya m'mawere imayamba chifukwa cha kusintha kwa DNA, kapena kusintha kwa maselo a m'mawere. Maselo osinthikawa amayamba kugawikana mofulumira komanso mosalamulirika, osafa. Pamapeto pake, maselo a khansawa amalumikizana kuti apange zotupa. Nthawi zina, zidutswa za zotupazi zimatha kusweka ndikufalikira ku ziwalo zina za thupi kudzera mu dongosolo la lymphatic kapena m'magazi. Izi zikachitika, zimatchedwa khansa yofalikira.

Asayansi akufufuzabe chifukwa chake maselo athanzi amasanduka maselo a khansa.

Zinthu Zoopsa

Zinthu zina zingakulitse chiopsezo chanu chotenga khansa ya m'mawere. Tiyeni tiwone zomwe zili:

• Zaka: Chiwopsezo chotenga matendawa chimawonjezeka pang'ono mukamakula. Khansa ya m'mawere ya amuna nthawi zambiri imapezeka mwa anthu azaka zopitilira 60. Izi sizikutanthauza kuti sizimachitika mwa achinyamata, koma chiopsezocho chimawonjezeka ndi ukalamba.
• Mbiri ya banja lanu: Ngati amayi anu, abambo anu, mchimwene wanu, mlongo wanu, kapena mwana wanu adadwalapo khansa ya m'mawere kapena khansa ya m'chiberekero, muli pachiwopsezo chachikulu. Izi zili choncho chifukwa khansa zina zimatha kufalikira kudzera m'majini.
• Majini: Kusintha kwa majini ena kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha khansa ya m'mawere. Chofala kwambiri mwa izi ndi BRCA1 makamaka BRCA2. Kuphatikiza apo, kusintha kwa majini a PTEN mu Cowden syndrome, jini ya TP53 mu Li-Fraumeni syndrome, ndi jini ya MMR mu Lynch syndrome kungapangitsenso kuti chiopsezocho chiwonjezeke.
• Kuwonjezeka kwa estrogen mu thupi:Matenda ena, monga matenda a chiwindi, kunenepa kwambiri, kapena matenda a majini otchedwa Klinefelter syndrome, amatha kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa estrogen m'thupi. Kumwa mowa mopitirira muyeso kungakhalenso chifukwa.
• Mavuto a ma testicular: Muli pachiwopsezo chachikulu ngati mwachitidwa opaleshoni yochotsa ma testicular anu (orchiectomy), ngati mwavulala ma testicular anu, kapena ngati muli ndi vuto monga orchitis, kapena ngati muli ndi ma testicular osakula.
• Chithandizo cha radiation: Ngati mudalandirapo chithandizo cha radiation pachifuwa, chiopsezo chanu chotenga khansa ya m'mawere chikhoza kuwonjezeka.

Kodi mungachepetse bwanji chiopsezo?

Ngati mukuganiza kuti muli ndi kusintha kwa majini komwe kumawonjezera chiopsezo chanu chotenga khansa, ndi bwino kupita kukayezetsa majini. Ngati wina m'banja mwanu wakhala ndi khansa ya m'mawere kapena ya m'chiberekero, chimenecho ndi chizindikiro chakuti mwina muli ndi kusintha kwa majini a BRCA2. Kusintha kwa majini kumeneku sikungayambitse khansa ya m'mawere yokha, komanso khansa ya pakhungu (melanoma), khansa ya kapamba, ndi khansa ya prostate.

Dokotala angakuthandizeni kusankha ngati kuyezetsa majini ndikoyenera kwa inu.

Kodi madokotala amazindikira bwanji izi?

Mukapita kwa dokotala, adzakufunsani za zizindikiro zanu ndi zinthu zomwe zingakubweretsereni chiopsezo. Kenako adzakuyesani mayeso angapo kuti adziwe ngati muli ndi khansa ya m'mawere ya amuna:

• Kuyezetsa bere: Dokotala adzakhudza minofu ya bere lanu ndikuyang'ana kusintha kulikonse pakhungu, ziphuphu, kapena zinthu zina zolakwika.
• Mayeso ojambulira: Kujambula mammogram kumatha kuzindikira khansa zambiri za m'mawere mwa amuna. Izi zimatengera X-ray ya bere. Nthawi zina ultrasound imachitika musanayambe kapena mutatha kujambulidwa mammogram kuti mudziwe zambiri za chotupacho.
• Kufufuza za khansa: Iyi ndiyo njira yabwino kwambiri yodziwira . Dokotala amatenga chidutswa cha minofu kuchokera pa chotupa kapena malo okayikitsa ndikuchitumiza ku labu kuti akayang'ane pogwiritsa ntchito maikulosikopu ngati pali maselo a khansa.

Mu labu, akatswiri a matenda amafufuza chitsanzo cha minofu kuti aone ngati chili ndi maselo a khansa, komanso ngati chili ndi ma hormone receptors omwe atchulidwa kale, komanso ngati chili ndi HER2 receptor (puloteni yomwe imathandiza khansa kukula). Izi zithandiza kwambiri dokotala wanu pokonzekera chithandizo chanu.

Magawo a khansa ya m'mawere ya amuna

Khansa ikatsimikizika, madokotala adzadziwa 'gawo' lake. Izi zikutanthauza kuyang'ana kukula ndi malo a chotupacho kuti aone momwe chafalikira komanso momwe chilili choopsa. Pakadali pano, mutha kuyesedwanso ndi mayeso ena a 'imaging', komanso 'sentinel node biopsy'. Izi zimaphatikizapo kuchotsa lymph node imodzi kapena zingapo pafupi ndi chotupacho kuti muwone ngati pali maselo a khansa.

Magawo akuluakulu a khansa ya m'mawere ya amuna ndi awa:

• Gawo 0: Maselo a khansa ali mkati mwa ducts za m'mawere okha. Izi zimatchedwanso Ductal Carcinoma In Situ.
• Gawo Loyamba: Chotupacho ndi chaching'ono ndipo sichinafalikire ku ma lymph nodes.
• Gawo Lachiwiri: Chotupacho ndi chachikulu pang'ono kuposa gawo Loyamba. Chikhoza kufalikira ku ma lymph nodes angapo a m'khwapa.
• Gawo Lachitatu: Khansa yafalikira ku ma lymph nodes angapo, chotupacho chikhoza kukhala chachikulu, ndipo maselo a khansa akhoza kufalikira mpaka pakhoma la pachifuwa kapena pakhungu.
• Gawo Lachinayi: Maselo a khansa afalikira mbali zakutali za thupi. Mu khansa ya m'mawere ya amuna, malo ofala kwambiri ndi mafupa, mapapo, ndi chiwindi .

Kodi khansa ya m'mawere ya amuna imachiritsidwa bwanji?

Chithandizo chomwe mungalandire chidzadalira zinthu zambiri, kuphatikizapo mtundu wa khansa komanso momwe yafalikira (siteji). Mungafunike kupatsidwa chithandizo chamankhwala angapo motsatizana. Dokotala wanu adzakufotokozerani izi mwatsatanetsatane.

Opaleshoni

Chithandizo chofala kwambiri cha khansa ya m'mawere ya amuna yomwe yayamba kumene ndi opaleshoni. Nthawi zambiri, bere lonse limachotsedwa. Izi zimatchedwa mastectomy . Nthawi zina, lumpectomy, yomwe imachotsa chotupa chokha, imachitikanso, koma kwa amuna, mastectomy ndiyo yofala kwambiri.

Nthawi zina "radical mastectomy" imachitidwa. Pa izi, minofu yonse ya m'mawere, ma lymph nodes m'khwapa, ndi gawo la minofu ya pachifuwa zimachotsedwa. Koma tsopano chofala kwambiri ndi "modified radical mastectomy." Pa izi, minofu siichotsedwa, ndipo ma lymph nodes ochepa amachotsedwanso.

Chithandizo cha radiation

Chithandizo cha khansa ya m'mawere pogwiritsa ntchito ma X-ray kapena mitundu ina ya ma radiation amphamvu kwambiri kuti awononge maselo a khansa. Chithandizochi nthawi zambiri chimaperekedwa pambuyo pa opaleshoni yochotsa lumpectomy kuti aphe maselo ena onse a khansa. Nthawi zina, chithandizo cha radiation chimatha kupha maselo ang'onoang'ono a khansa omwe ali pafupi ndi khoma la pachifuwa kapena pakhungu ndipo sangachotsedwe ndi opaleshoni. Izi zingathandize kupewa kuti zotupa zisakulenso.

Mankhwala a Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala apadera kuti aphe maselo a khansa m'thupi lonse. Pa zotupa zomwe zili m'malo omwe si oopsa, chemotherapy ingaperekedwe musanachite opaleshoni kuti ichepetse chotupacho. Kapena, chemotherapy ingaperekedwe pambuyo pa opaleshoni ndi chithandizo cha radiation kuti muchepetse chiopsezo chobwereranso chotupa kapena khansa kufalikira mbali zina za thupi. Mankhwalawa saperekedwa nthawi imodzi, koma imodzi motsatizana.

Chithandizo cha mahomoni

Ngati maselo a khansa agwiritsa ntchito mahomoni monga estrogen kuti akule, madokotala amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a mahomoni kuti achepetse kuchuluka kwa estrogen kapena kuletsa zotsatira zake. Tamoxifen ndi mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochiza khansa ya m'mawere ya amuna. Komanso, mankhwala otchedwa aromatase inhibitors, akaphatikizidwa ndi gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists, amatha kuletsa kukula kwa maselo a khansa omwe amayamba chifukwa cha mahomoni.

Chithandizo cholunjika

Mankhwala ochiritsira omwe cholinga chake ndi kuchiza matenda amagwira ntchito posokoneza njira zinazake zomwe zimathandiza maselo a khansa kukula. Mankhwalawa amagwira ntchito pa mitundu ina ya maselo a khansa. Mwachitsanzo, mankhwala ena amagwira ntchito pa khansa ya m'mawere yomwe ili ndi ma hormone receptors. Palinso mankhwala, monga PARP inhibitors, a maselo a khansa omwe ali ndi BRCA gene mutation.

Kodi ndiyenera kupita kwa dokotala liti?

Ngati muli ndi chotupa chosadziŵika bwino m'bere mwanu chomwe sichimatha patatha milungu iwiri, onetsetsani kuti mwaonana ndi dokotala. Komanso, tsatirani malangizo a dokotala wanu okhudza nthawi yomwe muyenera kuyezetsa khansa.

Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani ngati ndili ndi khansa ya m'mawere ya amuna? (Zomwe zingachitike ndi khansa ya m'mawere)

Mtundu wa khansa ndi gawo lomwe ili zimakhudza kwambiri momwe matenda anu akupitira, kutanthauza kuti matendawo akupita patsogolo. Ngati yapezeka msanga, chiŵerengero cha kuchira chimakhala chachikulu kwambiri.

Kafukufuku waposachedwapa adapeza kuti chiwerengero cha imfa cha amuna omwe ali ndi khansa ya m'mawere (yomwe imayankha mahomoni - mtundu wa `HR+`) malinga ndi gawo la khansa chinali: Mkati mwa zaka 20 kuchokera pamene adapezeka ndi matendawa:

• Gawo Loyamba: 12.4% anamwalira ndi khansa ya m'mawere.
• Gawo Lachiwiri: 26.2% anamwalira ndi khansa ya m'mawere.
• Gawo Lachitatu: 46% adamwalira ndi khansa ya m'mawere.

Mwatsoka, amuna ambiri amachedwa kupita kwa dokotala. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, akapezeka ndi khansa, imakhala itakula kale, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuchiza.

Ndicho chifukwa chake timati, ngati muwona chotupa chachilendo m'bere lanu, pitani kwa dokotala nthawi yomweyo. Amuna ambiri amaganiza kuti alibe khansa ya m'mawere. Chifukwa chake sangazindikire zizindikiro zake. Koma amuna amadwala khansa ya m'mawere.Kuzindikira msanga ndi kulandira chithandizo kungapulumutse moyo wanu. Ngati wina m'banja mwanu wakhala ndi khansa ya m'mawere, lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za momwe mungadziwire khansa msanga.

Pomaliza, zinthu zoti muzikumbukira (Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba)

Chabwino, tiyeni tifotokoze mwachidule zina mwa zinthu zomwe muyenera kukumbukira kuchokera pa zomwe takambirana:

• Amuna amathanso kudwala khansa ya m'mawere. Ngakhale kuti ndi yosowa, musainyalanyaze.
• Chotupa chosapweteka m'mawere, makamaka pansi pa nipple, chingakhale chizindikiro chachikulu. Yang'ananinso zotupa m'khwapa, kusintha kwa khungu, ndi kutuluka kwa madzi m'nipple.
• Chiwopsezocho chimakhala chachikulu ngati wina m'banja mwanu ali ndi mbiri ya khansa ya m'mawere, ngati muli ndi zaka zoposa 60, kapena ngati muli ndi matenda enaake a majini (BRCA).
• Ngati muli ndi kukayikira kulikonse, musachite manyazi ndipo pitani kwa dokotala mwamsanga. Mayeso monga mammogram ndi biopsy angatsimikizire matendawa.
• Ngati munthu wagwidwa msanga, mwayi wochira umakhala waukulu kwambiri! Pali njira zosiyanasiyana zochiritsira, monga opaleshoni, chithandizo cha radiation, chemotherapy, ndi chithandizo cha mahomoni.

Kudziwa izi kungapangitse kusiyana kwakukulu pa moyo wanu ndi wa amuna ena omwe mumawadziwa. Khalani ndi thanzi labwino!

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