Kodi metastases ya ubongo ndi chiyani? - Tiyeni tikambirane za izi

N'zovuta kufotokoza mantha ndi nkhawa zomwe zimabwera m'maganizo mwathu tikadziwa kuti tili ndi khansa. Pakadali pano, kumvererako kungakhale koipitsitsa ngati titamva kuti khansa yafalikira ku ziwalo zina za thupi, makamaka ubongo. Koma musachite mantha, musachite mantha. Lero tikulankhula za khansa yomwe imafalikira ku ubongo, yomwe imadziwika kuti `(Brain Metastases)`. Tikambirana m'njira yosavuta, m'njira yomwe mungamvetse, za vutoli, chifukwa chake limachitika, komanso mankhwala apamwamba omwe alipo tsopano.

Kodi metastases ya ubongo ndi chiyani?

Mwachidule, izi ndi pamene khansa imayamba kwina m'thupi lanu (monga mapapo anu, bere, kapena khungu) ndikufalikira ku ubongo wanu. Malo omwe khansa idayambira amatchedwa khansa yoyamba . Maselo ena a khansa akamachoka ku khansa yoyamba iyi, amayenda kudzera m'mitsempha yamagazi kupita ku ubongo, komwe amapanga chotupa chatsopano kapena zotupa.

Taganizirani ngati mbewu ya udzu m'mbali ina ya munda, yowombedwa ndi mphepo, ndikumera mbali ina ya munda. Chinthu chomwecho chimachitika pano. Maselo a khansa omwe anali m'mbali ina ya thupi, amapita ku ubongo ndikuyamba kumera kumeneko.

Kodi vutoli ndi lofala bwanji?

Ndipotu, mtundu wofala kwambiri wa khansa ya muubongo yomwe imapezeka mwa akuluakulu ndi khansa ya muubongo yomwe imafalikira. Izi zikutanthauza kuti khansa yomwe imafalikira ku ubongo kuchokera kwina ndi yofala kwambiri kuposa khansa yomwe imayambira muubongo wokha (khansa yoyamba ya muubongo). Kafukufuku akusonyeza kuti pakati pa 10% ndi 30% ya anthu omwe ali ndi khansa kwina m'thupi ali ndi chiopsezo chotenga khansa ya muubongo nthawi ina m'miyoyo yawo.

Chiwopsezochi nthawi zambiri chimawonjezeka munthu akakwanitsa zaka 45. Anthu ambiri amapezeka ndi vutoli akakwanitsa zaka 65.

Kodi zizindikiro za khansa ya muubongo ndi ziti?

Zizindikiro za khansa ya muubongo zimatha kusiyana malinga ndi komwe chotupacho chili muubongo komanso momwe chimakhudzira dera limenelo. Tiyeni tiwone zizindikiro zazikulu zomwe zingawonekere.

Pamene khansa ikupita patsogolo, zizindikiro zatsopano zingawonekere, monga kutaya kumva, kuvutika kumeza, ndi kuwona kawiri. Chizindikiro chofala kwambiri chomwe chimapezeka kumapeto ndi kugona nthawi zonse .

Nthawi zina, zotupa za muubongo izi zingayambitse sitiroko. Komabe, zizindikiro za sitiroko zimawonekera mwadzidzidzi. Komabe, zizindikiro zambiri za zotupa za khansa izi zimayamba pang'onopang'ono ndipo pang'onopang'ono zimawonjezeka pakapita nthawi .

N’chifukwa chiyani khansa imafalikira ku ubongo motere?

Izi zili choncho chifukwa maselo ena ochokera ku khansa yomwe ili kwina m'thupi amasweka, kulowa m'magazi, ndikupita ku ubongo ndi magazi. Kafukufuku akupitirirabe kuti adziwe chifukwa chake mitundu ina ya khansa imafalikira motere.

Mitundu iyi ya khansa nthawi zambiri imafalikira ku ubongo:

• Khansa ya m'mapapo: Pafupifupi theka la anthu omwe ali ndi khansa ya m'mapapo amafalikira ku ubongo. Izi zimachitika makamaka ndi mtundu wotchedwa "khansa ya m'mapapo ya maselo ang'onoang'ono."
• Khansa ya m'mawere: Pafupifupi 10% mpaka 15% ya anthu omwe ali ndi khansa ya m'mawere yofalikira adzadwala khansa ya muubongo. Matendawa amapezeka kwambiri mu khansa ya m'mawere ya HER2+ ndi khansa ya m'mawere ya triple-negative.
• Khansa ya pakhungu: Iyi ndi khansa yoopsa kwambiri ya pakhungu. Pafupifupi theka la anthu omwe ali ndi khansa ya pakhungu adzafalikira ku ubongo.

Kuphatikiza apo, khansa ya impso, khansa ya m'matumbo, ndi khansa ya chithokomiro nthawi zina imatha kufalikira ku ubongo.

Kodi dokotala amazindikira bwanji vutoli molondola?

Ngati muli kale ndi khansa ndipo mukukumana ndi zizindikiro zomwe tatchula pamwambapa, dokotala wanu adzakuyesani. Nthawi zina, ngakhale mutakhala kuti mulibe zizindikiro zilizonse, dokotala wanu angakuyeseni mtundu wa khansa yomwe ili pachiwopsezo chofalikira ku ubongo.

Mayeso akuluakulu omwe amachitika pa izi ndi awa:

Kodi ndi mankhwala otani a khansa yomwe yafalikira ku ubongo?

Cholinga chachikulu cha chithandizo apa ndikuletsa kapena kulamulira kukula kwa chotupa cha muubongo ndikuchepetsa zizindikiro zanu. Njira zochiritsira zitha kugawidwa m'magulu atatu akuluakulu.

1. Mankhwala oletsa zizindikiro

Choyamba, dokotala wanu adzayamba kumwa mankhwala oletsa zizindikiro zanu, monga mutu. Mwachitsanzo, angakupatseni mankhwala oletsa kutupa muubongo (edema) komanso kuchepetsa mutu. Angakupatseni mankhwala oletsa kupweteka kwa mutu (anticonvulsants) kuti muchepetse khunyu.

2. Chithandizo cha radiation ndi opaleshoni

Izi ndi njira zazikulu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochotsa kapena kuwononga mtedza.

• Kuchiza kwa Radiosurgery ya Stereotactic / Gamma Knife®: Iyi ndi njira yapamwamba kwambiri yochizira ndi radiation. Monga sniper, kuwala kwamphamvu kwa radiation kumayang'aniridwa mwachindunji pa chotupa , kupewa kuwonongeka kwa ziwalo zina za ubongo. Chithandizochi nthawi zambiri chimatha tsiku limodzi.
• Chithandizo cha Kuchiritsa Ubongo Wonse: Ngati muli ndi zotupa zingapo muubongo wanu, kapena ngati khansa yafalikira ku nembanemba yophimba ubongo wanu (leptomeningeal disease), chithandizo cha radiation chimaperekedwa ku ubongo wanu wonse. Izi zimachitika m'magawo pafupifupi 10-15 mkati mwa milungu iwiri kapena itatu.
• Opaleshoni ya ubongo: Nthawi zina, madokotala amasankha kuchita opaleshoni kuti achotse chotupacho kapena zotupazo.

3. Mankhwala enieni a khansa

Kuwonjezera pa opaleshoni kapena chithandizo cha radiation, mankhwala awa angalimbikitsidwenso kutengera mtundu wa khansa yanu yoyamba.

• Chemotherapy: Mankhwala ambiri a chemotherapy sangalowe muubongo chifukwa ubongo wathu umatetezedwa ndi chotchinga chotchedwa blood-brain barrier. Komabe, ngati khansa yafalikira kumadzi ozungulira ubongo, chemotherapy ikhoza kubayidwa mwachindunji mumadzi ozungulira ubongowo.
• Chithandizo Cholunjika: Mankhwalawa amagwira ntchito posokoneza njira zinazake zomwe maselo a khansa amagwiritsa ntchito kuti agawikane ndikukula. Njira imeneyi yapezeka kuti ndi yothandiza pa mitundu ina ya khansa ya m'mapapo ndi m'mawere yomwe yafalikira ku ubongo.
• Chithandizo cha Immunotherapy: Mankhwalawa amathandiza chitetezo cha mthupi lanu kupeza ndikuwononga maselo a khansa. Chithandizochi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mitundu ina ya khansa ya m'mapapo ndi melanoma yomwe yafalikira ku ubongo.

Kodi mungayembekezere chiyani mu mkhalidwe ngati uwu?

Khansa ikafalikira ku ubongo, anthu ambiri amaganiza kuti zonse zatha. Koma sizili choncho. Nthawi zina, vutoli limatha kuchiritsidwa kwathunthu . Ngakhale kuti silingathe kuchiritsidwa kwathunthu, mankhwala apamwamba omwe alipo tsopano angakuthandizeni kukhala ndi moyo wautali komanso wabwino .

Kale, nthawi yomwe khansa yamtunduwu imapulumuka inali yochepera miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Koma ndi mankhwala atsopano, anthu ambiri tsopano amakhala ndi moyo wautali ndipo zizindikiro zawo zimawongoleredwa bwino. Ndipotu, anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi khansa yomwe yafalikira ku ubongo samafa ndi khansa ya muubongo yokha.

Kodi ndiyenera kupita ku ETU nthawi yanji?

Ngati mukupeza zizindikiro zatsopano kapena ngati chizindikiro chomwe chilipo chikuipiraipira , kaya chokhudzana ndi khansa yanu yomwe ilipo kapena chotupa chomwe chafalikira ku ubongo wanu, uzani dokotala wanu nthawi yomweyo. Ndikofunikira kuti dokotala wanu adziwe za kusinthaku.

Palinso nthawi zina zomwe muyenera kupita ku Dipatimenti Yothandiza Anthu Odwala Mwadzidzidzi (ETU). Chotupa cha muubongo chili pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha mavuto amitsempha mwadzidzidzi monga khunyu ndi kutayika kwa miyendo. Komanso, ngati mwadzidzidzi muyamba zizindikiro za sitiroko, muyenera kupita ku ETU nthawi yomweyo. Zizindikiro izi zikuphatikizapo:

• Kutaya mwadzidzidzi bwino pamene mukuyenda
• Kusintha kwa masomphenya
• Nkhani yosintha
• Kufooka mbali imodzi ya thupi

Ndi mafunso ati omwe muyenera kufunsa dokotala wanu?

Mukakhala ndi khansa, n'zachibadwa kukhala ndi mafunso ambiri m'maganizo mwanu mukazindikira kuti yafalikira ku ubongo wanu. Musachite mantha kapena kukayikira kufunsa dokotala wanu mafunso awa. Adzakuthandizani kumvetsetsa vutoli.

• Kodi khansa ya muubongo iyi idzakhudza bwanji moyo wanga?
• Kodi mukundilangiza chithandizo chanji?
• Kodi zotsatirapo zake ndi ziti?
• Ngati khansa yafalikira ku ubongo wanga, kodi zikutanthauza kuti ikhoza kufalikira ku ziwalo zina za thupi langa?
• Kodi pali mabungwe ena kapena ntchito zina zomwe ndingapeze thandizo? (monga chisamaliro cha palliative)
• Kodi munganene chiyani za tsogolo lanu kutengera momwe zinthu zilili?

Kupeza kuti khansa yafalikira ku ubongo kungamveke ngati kugwera mumsewu wamdima. Koma kumbukirani, simuli nokha. Muli ndi gulu lachipatala ndi okondedwa anu kuti akuthandizeni. Musaope kulankhula ndi madokotala anu. Funsani momasuka zomwe mungayembekezere kuchokera ku chithandizo ndi zotsatira zake. Kenako mutha kupanga zisankho zabwino kwambiri kwa inu nokha.