Kodi maselo anu a m'magazi sakupangika bwino? Tiyeni tiphunzire za matenda a Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS)!

Kodi nthawi zonse mumamva kutopa komanso kutopa? Kodi nthawi zina mumavutika kupuma ngakhale mutagwira ntchito pang'ono? Kapena mumaona mabala ndi kutuluka magazi paliponse m'thupi lanu? Ngakhale mukuganiza kuti izi ndi zinthu zachilendo, nthawi zina pakhoza kukhala chifukwa chomwe muyenera kuda nkhawa nacho pang'ono. Lero tikambirana za vuto limodzi lotere, lomwe ndi myelodysplastic syndrome.

Kodi matenda a myelodysplastic (MDS) ndi chiyani?

Tsopano tiyeni tiwone chomwe Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS) iyi ili. Anthu ena amaitchanso Myelodysplasia. Posachedwapa, imatchedwanso Myelodysplastic Neoplasm. Mwachidule, ndi mtundu wa khansa . Koma chomwe chimachitika pamenepa ndichakuti maselo oyambira omwe amapanga magazi m'thupi lathu - omwe timawatcha (maselo oyambira a hematopoietic) - sakula bwino, kutanthauza kuti, sakula bwino. Maselo amenewa amapezeka m'mafupa athu. Chifukwa chake vuto limayamba pamene maselo oyambira awa sakula bwino ndikukhala maselo ofiira athanzi, maselo oyera amagazi, ndi ma platelet.

Ngati thupi lanu lilibe maselo a magazi okwanira athanzi, mungakhale ndi matenda aakulu monga kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi. Mungathenso kutenga matenda pafupipafupi komanso kutuluka magazi pafupipafupi. Mwa anthu ena, MDS imatha kuipiraipira n’kukhala khansa yotchedwa acute myeloid leukemia (AML) .

Matendawa, otchedwa MDS, ndi osowa kwambiri. Ku United States, amakhudza anthu pafupifupi anayi pa anthu 100,000 aliwonse chaka chilichonse. Ngati mwapezeka ndi MDS, madokotala anu adzayesa kuchepetsa kupitirira kwa matendawa, kuwongolera zizindikiro zanu, ndikuchiza mavuto aliwonse omwe angabuke.

Kodi pali mitundu iti ya MDS?

Madokotala amagawa matenda a MDS m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Amaona zotsatira za mayeso angapo. Tiyeni tiwone zomwe mayesowo amafuna:

• Maselo ofiira ndi oyera a m'magazi abwino komanso kuchuluka kwa ma platelet: Maselo ofiira a m'magazi anu akachepa, timatcha kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi. Mungamve kutopa kwambiri komanso kupuma movutikira.
• Maselo a magazi osakhwima, kapena kuphulika: Kuphulika kumeneku kuli ngati maselo a magazi osakhwima. Amatenga malo ambiri mu fupa la mafupa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuti maselo a magazi athanzi apangidwe. Ngati mulibe maselo oyera athanzi okwanira, mutha kutenga matenda pafupipafupi. Ndipo ngati mulibe ma platelet okwanira athanzi, zingakhale zovuta kuletsa kutuluka kwa magazi.
• Sideroblasts:Awa ndi maselo ofiira a m'magazi osakhwima. Chodabwitsa ndi chakuti m'malo mogwiritsa ntchito chitsulo popanga hemoglobin, amasunga chitsulo. Mukudziwa, hemoglobin ndi puloteni yomwe imathandiza maselo athu ofiira kunyamula mpweya m'thupi lonse. Iron ndi yofunika kwambiri pa izi. Chifukwa chake, ngati akatswiri azachipatala awona ma sideroblast awa, zikutanthauza kuti hemoglobin yanu sikugwira ntchito bwino.
• Kusakhazikika kwa ma chromosome: Ma chromosome ndi ziwalo za maselo athu zomwe zimakhala ndi majini. Majini amapangidwa ndi DNA. Ngati pali zolakwika m'ma chromosome awa, zikutanthauza kuti pali china chake chomwe chakhudza DNA yanu ndipo chayambitsa kusintha kwa ma chromosome m'maselo anu amagazi.

Kodi zizindikiro za myelodysplastic syndrome ndi ziti?

Kumbukirani, nthawi zina mungakhale ndi MDS popanda kusonyeza zizindikiro zilizonse. Pazochitika zotere, vutoli limapezeka mwangozi panthawi yoyezetsa magazi nthawi zonse. Chizindikiro chachikulu chomwe anthu ambiri amakumana nacho ndi kuchepa kwa maselo ofiira m'magazi, kapena kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi. Komabe, zizindikiro za kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi ndi zizindikiro zina za MDS zitha kufanana ndi za matenda ena osaopsa kwambiri.

Choncho, ngati muwona kusintha kulikonse komwe kuli pansipa, makamaka ngati sikutha patatha milungu ingapo, onetsetsani kuti mwaonana ndi dokotala.

• Ngati mukumva ngati simungathe kupuma (timatcha izi kukhala dyspnea).
• Ngati mukumva kufooka kapena kutopa kwambiri , ndipo kutopa sikutha ngakhale mutapuma mokwanira.
• Ngati muwona kuti khungu lanu ndi lofiirira kuposa masiku onse, mwina ngati muli ndi khungu lakuda, dokotala adzafufuza ngati pali kutayika kwa mtundu mkati mwa zikope zanu zapansi, mkamwa mwanu, komanso m'mphuno mwanu.
• Ngati mukumva kuvulala kapena kutuluka magazi mosavuta kuposa masiku onse.
• Ngati muwona madontho ofiira ang'onoang'ono pakhungu lanu, awa akhoza kukhala petechiae, mitsempha yamagazi yaying'ono pansi pa khungu.
• Ngati nthawi zambiri mumadwala matenda a malungo .

Kodi chimayambitsa MDS ndi chiyani?

Zikuoneka kuti pali njira ziwiri zazikulu zopezera matenda a MDS. Njira yoyamba ndi kuchita zinthu zina zomwe zimawonjezera chiopsezo chotenga matendawa. Njira ina ndi kulandira matenda enaake a majini.

Zochita zomwe zingagwirizane ndi MDS

• Atalandira chithandizo cha chemotherapy kapena radiation chifukwa cha khansa yomwe mudadwalapo kale. Madokotala amatcha izi MDS (tMDS) yokhudzana ndi chithandizo. Kawirikawiri, zizindikiro za tMDS zimawonekera patatha zaka zisanu mpaka zisanu ndi ziwiri kuchokera pamene chithandizocho chachitika.
• Kukumana ndi zinthu zina zomwe zimayambitsa khansa, kuphatikizapo utsi wa fodya, mankhwala ophera tizilombo, ndi zinthu zosungunulira monga benzene.
• Kukhudzidwa ndi zitsulo zolemera monga mercury kapena lead.

Matenda obadwa nawo omwe angagwirizane ndi MDS

Pakati pa 4% ndi 15% ya anthu omwe ali ndi vutoli ali ndi matenda obadwa nawo omwe amawonjezera chiopsezo chawo chotenga matendawa. Matendawa ndi monga:

• Kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi: Ichi ndi matenda osowa kwambiri omwe amapezeka m'majini omwe amachititsa kuti mafupa anu asapange maselo a magazi athanzi okwanira.
• Dyskeratosis congenita: Iyi ndi matenda ena osowa kwambiri m'majini. Apanso, mafuta anu a m'mafupa sapanga maselo a magazi athanzi okwanira.
• Kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi la Diamond-Blackfan: Imeneyi ndi matenda osowa magazi omwe amachititsa kuti mafupa anu asapange maselo ofiira okwanira.

Kodi matenda a myelodysplastic amapezedwa bwanji?

Madokotala amatsatira njira zingapo kuti adziwe matenda a MDS awa:

• Kuchuluka kwa Magazi (CBC) ndi mayeso osiyana: Chitsanzo cha magazi chimatengedwa kuchokera kwa inu ndipo maselo anu ofiira ndi oyera amawunikidwa. Chimawerengeranso kuchuluka kwa mtundu uliwonse wa maselo oyera amagazi.
• Kuyeza magazi m'magazi: Izi zimayang'ana kusintha kwa kukula, mtundu, mawonekedwe, ndi kukula kwa maselo amagazi m'magazi anu, komanso ngati maselo ofiira anu ali ndi chitsulo chochuluka.
• Kusanthula kwa cytogenetic: Katswiri wa matenda amisala amayang'ana chitsanzo cha magazi pansi pa maikulosikopu kuti awone ngati pali kusintha kulikonse mu ma chromosome a maselo anu amagazi.
• Kufufuza za mafupa: Kuti achite izi, dokotala amaika singano yopanda kanthu m'fupa lanu la m'chiuno, kutenga chitsanzo cha mafupa, magazi, ndi fupa, ndikuziyang'ana pansi pa maikulosikopu.

Kodi magawo a myelodysplastic syndrome ndi ati?

Madokotala amagawa vutoli m'magawo osiyanasiyana kutengera chiopsezo cha matendawa kukhala acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Amagwiritsa ntchito njira yowerengera zoopsa yotchedwa International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS) . Nazi zina mwa zinthu zomwe madokotala amaganizira:

• Kaya muli ndi zizindikiro zilizonse za kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi, kutuluka magazi, kapena matenda.
• Muli pachiwopsezo chotenga khansa ya m'magazi.
• Kusintha kwina mu ma chromosome anu.
• Kaya munayamba kulandira chithandizo cha MDS mutalandira mankhwala a chemotherapy kapena radiation therapy chifukwa cha khansa.
• Zaka zanu ndi thanzi lanu lonse.

Kodi matenda a myelodysplastic amachiritsidwa bwanji?

Madokotala amaganizira zinthu zingapo akamakonzekera chithandizo cha MDS:

• Mtundu wa MDS womwe muli nawo.
• Kaya muli ndi matenda monga kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi, kutuluka magazi, kapena matenda opatsirana chifukwa cha MDS.
• Kaya munayamba kulandira chithandizo cha MDS mutalandira mankhwala a chemotherapy kapena radiation therapy chifukwa cha khansa.
• zaka zanu.
• Thanzi lanu lonse.

Chithandizo cha myelodysplastic syndrome chingaphatikizepo chisamaliro chothandizira komanso mankhwala omwe amawononga maselo amagazi osagwira ntchito bwino .

Chisamaliro Chothandizira

Izi zingaphatikizepo:

• Kuika magazi kapena kupereka magazi: Ngati muli ndi vuto la kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi, mukhoza kuikidwa magazi ofiira. Ngati muli ndi vuto la kutuluka magazi, mukhoza kuikidwa magazi opangidwa ndi ma platelet.
• Mankhwala oyambitsa erythropoiesis (ESA): Mankhwalawa amawonjezera kuchuluka kwa maselo ofiira a m'magazi okhwima.
• Mankhwala opha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda: MDS ingakhudze maselo oyera a magazi anu, zomwe zingakulitse chiopsezo chanu chotenga matenda. Chifukwa chake, maantibayotiki angapatsidwe.

Mankhwala ochotsera maselo amagazi osasamalidwa bwino

Izi zingaphatikizepo:

• Chemotherapy: Mitundu yofanana ya chemotherapy yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa khansa ya m'magazi ya myeloid (AML) ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pa izi.
• Chithandizo choletsa chitetezo chamthupi: Chithandizochi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mitundu ina ya MDS. Chithandizochi chimaletsa chitetezo chamthupi chomwe chimagwira ntchito mopitirira muyeso ndipo chingathandize kuchepetsa kufunikira kwa magazi.
• Kusamutsa maselo oyambira: Izi zimaphatikizapo kusintha maselo anu opanga magazi ndi maselo oyambira, kaya ochokera kwa inu kapena kwa wopereka. Maselo oyambira awa amatengedwa kuchokera m'magazi anu kapena m'mafupa. Maselo awa amasungidwa mufiriji pamene mukulandira mankhwala a chemotherapy, kenako amasungunuka ndikubwezeretsedwanso m'thupi lanu kudzera mu intravenous infusion. Maselo awa amaloledwa kukula m'thupi lanu ndikupanga maselo atsopano amagazi.

Chithandizo chilichonse mwa izi chingakhale ndi zotsatirapo zake komanso zovuta zake. Mukamaganizira njira zochiritsira, ndikofunikira kwambiri kufunsa dokotala wanu za zotsatirapo zake komanso zovuta zake.

Anthu omwe ali ndi myelodysplasia angapindule ndi chithandizo chochepetsa ululu . Chisamalirochi chingathandize kuchepetsa zizindikiro za MDS ndi zotsatirapo zake. Ndipo chofunika kwambiri, chingathandize kuchepetsa nkhawa zomwe zimakhalapo chifukwa chokhala ndi matenda osatha.

Kodi matenda a myelodysplastic angachiritsidwe?

Njira yokhayo yochiritsira MDS kwathunthu ndi kuyika maselo oyambira bwino . Tsoka ilo, si aliyense amene angapeze chithandizochi. Funsani dokotala wanu ngati mtundu uwu wa kuika maselo ndi woyenera kwa inu ndipo ngati ndi njira yomwe muyenera kuganizira.

Kodi munthu amene ali ndi matenda a myelodysplastic syndrome amakhala ndi moyo wautali bwanji?

Matenda a Myelodysplastic ndi vuto lalikulu la thanzi lomwe lingayambitse matenda oopsa.Komanso, ili ndi vuto la thanzi lovuta kwambiri, ndipo aliyense amakhudzidwa mosiyana. Dokotala wanu ndiye gwero labwino kwambiri la chidziwitso chokhudza momwe mulili komanso zomwe zingachitike.

Kodi matenda a myelodysplastic angapewedwe?

Ayi, koma kumvetsetsa zoopsa za MDS kungathandize madokotala kuzindikira ndi kuchiza MDS msanga. Matenda a Myelodysplastic amagwirizanitsidwa ndi mankhwala a chemotherapy ndi radiation, komanso kukhudzana ndi mankhwala ena ndi zitsulo zolemera. Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za mbiri yanu yachipatala komanso kukumana ndi mankhwala ndi zitsulo zolemera kwa nthawi yayitali. Angakuthandizeni kuwunika zoopsa zanu.

Kodi ndimadzisamalira bwanji?

MDS imakhudza aliyense mosiyana. Anthu ena ali ndi MDS koma alibe zizindikiro. Ngati izi zili choncho kwa inu, dokotala wanu angakulangizeni kuti muyese magazi miyezi itatu iliyonse kuti muwone kusintha kwa maselo anu a magazi. Ngati muli ndi MDS ndipo mukulandira chithandizo chothandizira, monga kuikidwa magazi, mungafunike chithandizo china kuti muchepetse kuchuluka kwa kuikidwa magazi. Nazi njira zina zomwe mungachite kuti muthandizire chithandizo chanu:

• Ngati mumagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zosuta fodya (kuphatikizapo kusuta fodya ndi vaping), yesani kusiya. Funsani dokotala wanu za mapulogalamu oletsa kusuta fodya.
• Khalani ndi kulemera koyenera.
• Pezani masewera olimbitsa thupi omwe mumakonda ndipo muzichita nthawi zambiri momwe mungathere.
• Kumbukirani kuti MDS ndi matenda osatha, ndipo madokotala amatha kuchiza koma osachiza. Si aliyense amene angamvetse zomwe mukukumana nazo. Kulankhula ndi ena omwe adakumanapo ndi zinthu zomwezo zomwe inu mungathandize. Gulu lanu lachipatala lingakuthandizeni kupeza mapulogalamu ndi zinthu ngati izi.

Ngakhale kuti MDS ndi matenda osatha, sizikutanthauza kuti muyenera kukhala opanda chiyembekezo. Pali mankhwala omwe angathandize kuwongolera vutoli.

Kodi ndiyenera kupita ku chipinda chadzidzidzi liti?

Matenda a Myelodysplastic angayambitse kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi, mavuto otuluka magazi, komanso matenda opatsirana. Muyenera kupita kuchipatala chadzidzidzi ngati muli ndi:

• Ngati muli ndi malungo okwana madigiri 38.3 Celsius (100.4 degrees Fahrenheit) kapena kuposerapo, malungo ndi chizindikiro chakuti mwina muli ndi matenda.
• Ngati mukutuluka magazi mosalamulirika.

Ndi mafunso ati omwe ndiyenera kufunsa dokotala wanga?

Popeza matenda a myelodysplastic ndi matenda osowa kwambiri, mungakhale ndi mafunso ambiri okhudza matendawa. Nazi mafunso ena omwe mungafunse dokotala wanu:

• Kodi MDS ndi khansa?
• Kodi MDS imandikhudza bwanji?
• Kodi MDS yanga ingayambitse mavuto aakulu azaumoyo? Ngati ndi choncho, ndi ya mtundu wanji?
• Ndilibe zizindikiro zilizonse. Kodi ndingatani kuti ndichedwetse kukula kwa matenda okhudzana ndi MDS?

Uthenga Womaliza Wopita Nawo Kunyumba

Ngati muli ndi myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), ndi mtundu wa khansa womwe ndi matenda osatha. Palibe matenda osavuta, koma kukhala ndi matenda osatha kumatanthauza kuthana ndi mavuto omwe amabwera chifukwa cha maganizo. Koma kukhala ndi MDS sikutanthauza kuti muyenera kutaya chiyembekezo. Pali mankhwala omwe angathandize kuwongolera MDS. Mutha kukhala oyenerera mayeso azachipatala omwe akufunafuna mankhwala atsopano a myelodysplastic syndrome. Palinso zinthu zomwe mungachite nokha. Funsani dokotala wanu za kusintha kwa moyo wanu, monga kudya bwino ndi kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Zinthuzi zingakuthandizeni kukhala ndi thanzi labwino momwe mungathere. Musamaope, ndipo musavutike nokha. Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za chilichonse, ndipo pezani thandizo lomwe mukufuna.

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