Kodi kukumbukira kwanu ndi kuganiza kwanu zikusintha? Tiyeni tiphunzire za matenda a mitsempha.

Kodi munayamba mwaganizapo kuti maselo ang'onoang'ono muubongo wathu, otchedwa ma neuron, amatha kufooka pang'onopang'ono, kusintha kukumbukira kwathu, momwe timaganizira, momwe timayendera, ndi momwe timalankhulira? Nthawi zina tawona izi zikuchitika kwa okalamba athu. Izi ndi zomwe timatcha gulu la matenda otchedwa Neurodegenerative Diseases . Ngakhale izi zingamveke ngati mawu olemera, tiyeni tikambirane mwachidule komanso mokoma mtima.

Kodi matenda a neurodegenerative awa ndi ati?

Mwachidule, awa ndi gulu la matenda omwe amawononga ndikuwononga pang'onopang'ono maselo mu dongosolo lathu la mitsempha, makamaka muubongo . Taganizirani izi motere: monga momwe mtengo umawola pakapita nthawi, matendawa amawononga pang'onopang'ono maselo muubongo wathu. Matendawa nthawi zambiri samabwera mwadzidzidzi, amakula pang'onopang'ono . Chifukwa chake, zimatenga nthawi yayitali kuti zizindikiro ziwonekere, nthawi zina ngakhale mtsogolo.

Uwu si matenda amodzi. Monga zinthu zambiri zomwe zili pansi pa ambulera imodzi, pali mitundu ingapo ya matenda omwe ali pansi pa dzinali.

Kodi mitundu ikuluikulu ya matenda amenewa ndi iti?

Tiyeni tiwone mitundu ikuluikulu ya matenda a mitsempha. Koma awa si okhawo, pali ena ambiri.

Matenda a mtundu wa dementia

Izi zimayambitsa kuwonongeka pang'onopang'ono kwa ziwalo zosiyanasiyana za ubongo, ndipo ma neuron m'malo amenewo amafa. Zizindikiro zimatha kusiyana kwambiri kutengera dera la ubongo lomwe lawonongeka.

Mwachitsanzo: Matenda a Alzheimer's , frontotemporal dementia, chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), ndi Lewy body dementia ndi ena mwa matenda amenewa.

Matenda Ochotsa Miyelo

Maselo athu a mitsempha amazunguliridwa ndi chidebe choteteza chotchedwa myelin . Chili ngati pulasitiki chomwe chimaphimba waya. Chidebechi ndi chomwe chimalola mauthenga a mitsempha kuyenda bwino. Matendawa amawononga chidebe cha myelin.

Zitsanzo: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) , Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder (NMOSD).

Matenda a mtundu wa Parkinsonism

Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa ma neuron apadera muubongo wathu, makamaka omwe amawongolera bwino mayendedwe a minofu .

Zitsanzo: Matenda a Parkinson ndi matenda ena a Parkinson omwe amasonyeza zizindikiro zofanana ndi matenda a Parkinson.

Matenda a Mitsempha ya Motor

Izi zimachitika pamene ma neuron omwe amalamulira mayendedwe athu afa .

Zitsanzo: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) (yomwe imatchedwanso "matenda a Lou Gehrig"), Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP).

Matenda a Prion

Izi ndi zapadera kwambiri. Matendawa, omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kusokonekera kwa puloteni, amachititsa kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa ubongo pakapita nthawi yochepa kwambiri . Nthawi zambiri, odwalawa sakhala ndi moyo woposa chaka chimodzi.

Chitsanzo: Matenda a Creutzfeldt-Jakob ndi omwe amapezeka kwambiri. Nthawi zina izi zimathanso kuchitika chifukwa cha majini.

Chofunika ndichakuti pakhoza kukhala zinthu zina zofanana komanso kulumikizana pakati pa matenda osiyanasiyana owononga mitsempha. Matenda ena akhoza kukhala ndi zizindikiro zofanana komanso zifukwa zofanana.

Kodi matenda amenewa ndi ofala bwanji kwenikweni?

Ngakhale kuti matenda a mitsempha ndi osafala kwambiri, ofufuza apeza kuti anthu oposa 50 miliyoni padziko lonse lapansi ali ndi matendawa. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ndi zachilendo kuti wina wa ife amve za matendawa.

Matendawa nthawi zambiri amakhala okhudzana ndi ukalamba . Amapezeka kwambiri mwa anthu azaka zopitilira 65. Komabe, matenda ena, monga matenda a Huntington ndi ALS, amatha kuchitika ali aang'ono. Malinga ndi bungwe la World Health Organization (WHO), chiwerengero cha anthu azaka zopitilira 65 chikuyembekezeka kuwirikiza kawiri m'zaka 30 zikubwerazi. Izi zikutanthauza kuti chiwerengero cha anthu omwe ali ndi matenda amitsempha awa chikhoza kukwera mofulumira kwambiri.

Kodi zizindikiro za matenda a neurodegenerative ndi ziti?

Zizindikiro za matendawa zimasiyana kwambiri . Zizindikiro zina zingakupangitseni kuganiza kuti ndi matenda a muubongo nthawi yomweyo. Komabe, zizindikiro zina zimatha kukhala zosiyana kwambiri kotero kuti sizingadziwike popanda kuyezetsa kwapadera kwa dokotala.

Kawirikawiri, zizindikiro izi zimatha kuoneka malinga ndi mtundu wa matenda:

• Matenda a dementia: kusokonezeka maganizo, kuiwala zinthu, kuvutika kuganiza kapena kukhazikika maganizo, ndi kusintha kwa khalidwe.
• Matenda omwe amawononga myelin: dzanzi, kupweteka, kugwedezeka kwa minofu, kutayika bwino kapena kufooka, kuvutika kuyenda, komanso kutopa kwambiri.
• Matenda a Parkinsonism: kuyenda pang'onopang'ono, kunjenjemera m'miyendo, mavuto okhazikika, kukokera mapazi pansi poyenda, kuwerama patsogolo.
• Matenda a Mitsempha ya Motor: Izi zimakhudza ziwalo za ubongo ndi dongosolo la mitsempha zomwe zimalamulira minofu. Pamene ma neuron m'zigawo zimenezo akufa, mphamvu ya minofu imatayika. Izi zingayambitse kufooka ndipo pamapeto pake ziwalo zimafa .

N’chifukwa chiyani zizindikiro zimenezi zimasiyana kwambiri?

Pali zifukwa zingapo zomwe zizindikiro zimatha kusiyanasiyana kwa munthu aliyense, ngakhale ndi matenda omwewo:

• Si ubongo wa aliyense womwe uli wofanana:Palibe ubongo umodzi womwe umapangidwa kapena kugwira ntchito mofanana, kotero ngakhale matenda omwewo amatha kukhudza anthu awiri mosiyana.
• Pali zifukwa zambiri zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa: Ngakhale atakhala matenda amtundu womwewo, zifukwa zomwe zimawakhudza zimasiyana kwambiri.
• Zizindikiro zimadalira dera lomwe lakhudzidwa: Zizindikiro zimadalira gawo la ubongo wanu kapena dongosolo lanu la mitsempha lomwe lawonongeka.

Kodi zimayambitsa matenda amenewa ndi chiyani?

Madokotala amatha kupeza chifukwa chimodzi chokha cha matenda ena owononga mitsempha. Koma nthawi zambiri, palibe chifukwa chimodzi chokha . Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti zinthu zingapo zimayambitsa matendawa. Nthawi zina madokotala sangathe kupeza chifukwa chake. Izi zimapweteka kwambiri wodwalayo ndi banja lake.

Mpaka pano, akatswiri apeza zifukwa zambiri zomwe zingayambitse matendawa komanso zinthu zomwe zingawachititse. Zitha kugawidwa m'magulu akuluakulu angapo:

• Zaka: Chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimakhudza kukula kwa matendawa ndi ukalamba . Chiwopsezo chotenga matendawa chimawonjezeka ndi ukalamba. Ngakhale kuti matenda ena amayamba ali aang'ono, nthawi zina zimakhala zochepa.
• Majini: Matenda ambiri owononga mitsempha amagwirizanitsidwa ndi mbiri ya banja. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kusintha kwina kwa majini kumatha kuperekedwa m'mibadwo yambiri. Kusintha kwa majini kwatsopano kungachitike, kapena kuphatikiza majini kungakhudzidwe.
• Malo Ozungulira: Malo omwe mumakhala nawo angayambitsenso matenda amenewa. Zinthu monga kuipitsidwa kwa mpweya, kukhudzana ndi mankhwala ndi poizoni, mitundu ina ya matenda, komanso dera lomwe mumakhala (mwachitsanzo, kuchuluka kwa vitamini D kumachepa pamene mukuyandikira equator, yomwe yagwirizanitsidwa ndi matenda a dementia).
• Mbiri ya matenda: Matenda anu akale ndi zochitika zathanzi zingakhudze kukula kwa matenda awa. Zitsanzo zikuphatikizapo khansa, matenda ena, ndi kuvulala mutu.
• Zizolowezi, machitidwe, ndi zosankha: Zinthu zambiri zimakhudza izi, kuphatikizapo zomwe mumadya ndi kumwa, momwe mumagwirira ntchito, ngati mumagwiritsa ntchito fodya, komanso kuchuluka kwa mowa womwe mumamwa.

Kodi ndi mavuto otani omwe angabwere chifukwa cha matenda awa?

Popeza matenda amenewa amawononga ubongo ndi dongosolo lamanjenje, mwayi wokhala ndi mavuto ndi waukulu. Pamene kuwonongeka kukuchulukirachulukira, mphamvu zomwe zimayendetsedwa ndi ziwalozo zimatayika.

• Matenda oyenda: Kuchepa kwa mphamvu, kusinthasintha, kusinthasintha, komanso nthawi yochitapo kanthu, zomwe zimawonjezera chiopsezo cha kugwa ndi kusweka.
• Matenda a mitsempha ya m'magazi: Kufa ziwalo pang'onopang'ono. Ngati izi zakhudza minofu yopumira, chiopsezo chotenga matenda opumira monga chibayo chimawonjezeka.
• Matenda a mtundu wa dementia:Kukumbukira, kupanga zisankho, ndi luso loganiza zimachepa. Pamene izi zikuchepa, satha kuganizira za chitetezo chawo ndipo satha kukhala okha.

Kodi matenda amenewa amapezeka bwanji? (Kuzindikira)

Njira yodziwira matenda a mitsempha imasiyana malinga ndi matendawa. Madokotala nthawi zambiri amayamba ndi mayeso a mitsempha ndikukufunsani inu kapena banja lanu za zizindikiro zanu ndi mbiri yanu yachipatala.

Matenda ena amatha kupezeka ndi mayeso apadera:

• Kuyezetsa magazi: Matenda ena amatha kupezeka kudzera mu zinthu monga kuyezetsa magazi ndi majini.
• Kujambula zithunzi: Mayeso monga CT scans ndi MRI scans ndi ofunikira kwambiri pozindikira matenda awa. Izi zimathandiza madokotala "kuona" ubongo wanu. Kenako amatha kudziwa ngati pali kuwonongeka kwa ubongo, kusintha, kapena chifukwa china.
• Kuzindikira matenda a ubongo pambuyo pa imfa: Matenda ena, monga matenda a Pick kapena matenda owopsa a ubongo (CTE), sangathe kuzindikirika bwino munthu akadali moyo. Ngakhale madokotala angaganize kuti ndi choncho, koma angatsimikizidwe pokhapokha pofufuza minofu ya ubongo pogwiritsa ntchito maikulosikopu pambuyo pofufuza za mtembo .

Kutengera ndi matenda anu kapena zizindikiro zanu, mayeso ena angachitike. Dokotala wanu ndiye munthu woyenera kukuuzani mayeso oyenera kwa inu komanso chifukwa chake akuchitidwa.

Kodi pali mankhwala a matenda owononga ubongo? Kodi angathe kuchiritsidwa?

Mwatsoka, si matenda onsewa omwe amawononga ubongo omwe amachiritsidwa . Matendawa amawononga maselo a ubongo ndipo sangabwezeretsedwe.

Komabe, matenda ena owononga mitsempha amatha kuchiritsidwa , kutengera chomwe chayambitsa matendawa. Matenda ena amatha kuchiritsidwa mwachindunji kuti alamulire, achepetse, kapena achepetse zotsatira za matendawa. Ngakhale matenda ena sangachiritsidwe mwachindunji, kuchiza zizindikiro kungathandize kukonza moyo wabwino .

Popeza pali njira zosiyanasiyana zochiritsira, dokotala wanu ndiye munthu wabwino kwambiri woti akuuzeni njira zochiritsira zomwe zilipo komanso zomwe amalimbikitsa. Chidziwitso chomwe amapereka ndi cholondola kwambiri komanso chogwirizana ndi matenda anu komanso mbiri yanu yachipatala. Adzakuuzaninso za zotsatirapo zake, zovuta, ndi zinthu zomwe muyenera kudziwa.

Nanga bwanji ngati ndili ndi matenda amtunduwu?

Popeza pali mitundu yambiri ya matenda a neurodegenerative, zomwe zingakuchitikireni zimadalira zinthu zambiri. Matenda ena amakula mofulumira; ena amatenga zaka kapena zaka zambiri kuti akhale aakulu. Ena amatha kukulirakulira mofulumira. Chifukwa chake, dokotala wanu ndiye munthu wabwino kwambiri woti akuuzeni zomwe mungayembekezere.

Mukakhala ndi matenda a mitsempha kwa nthawi yayitali, mumakhala ndi mwayi waukulu wokumana ndi mavuto. Mwatsoka, matendawa amatha kuchepetsa moyo wanu ndipo pamapeto pake amatha kubweretsa imfa (kapena kuyambitsa china chake chomwe chimayambitsa imfa).

Kodi matenda amenewa amatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji?

Matendawa akayamba kukula, amakhala okhazikika, moyo wonse .

Kodi pali njira yodzitetezera kwathunthu ku matenda amenewa?

Matenda a neurodegenerative amakula m'njira zomwe sitinaganizepo kuti zingatheke. Nthawi zambiri, amakula pazifukwa zomwe sitikuzimvetsa bwino. Pazifukwa zonsezi, sizingapeweke .

Ndiye kodi tingatani kuti tichepetse chiopsezochi?

Ngakhale kuti matenda amenewa sangapewedwe, pali zinthu zomwe mungachite kuti muchepetse chiopsezo chanu chotenga matendawa. Popeza matendawa nthawi zambiri amayamba chifukwa cha zinthu zosiyanasiyana, kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa zinthuzi kungathandize kuchepetsa chiopsezo chanu.

Pali njira zingapo zomwe mungachite kuti muchepetse chiopsezo chanu:

• Idyani zakudya zopatsa thanzi: Zimene mumadya zimakhudza thanzi la ubongo wanu. Zakudya zosapatsa thanzi zingapangitse ubongo wanu kukhala wosavuta kudwala matenda amtunduwu. Zingayambitsenso matenda ena monga sitiroko .
• Khalani ndi thupi lochita masewera olimbitsa thupi ndipo pitirizani kukhala ndi kulemera kwabwino: Kulemera kwanu ndi kuchuluka kwa zochita zanu zimakhudzanso ubongo wanu. Mavuto okhudzana ndi kulemera, makamaka mavuto okhudza kuyenda kwa magazi monga kuthamanga kwa magazi, ndi matenda a kagayidwe kachakudya monga matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri, nawonso angayambitse izi.
• Valani zida zodzitetezera pakafunika kutero: Kuvulala mutu, makamaka kugwedezeka kwa mutu ndi kuvulala kwa ubongo koopsa , kumawonjezera kwambiri chiopsezo chotenga matenda amenewa. Chifukwa chake, zida zodzitetezera ndi chida chofunikira kwambiri chopewera kuvulala ndikuteteza thanzi la ubongo kwa nthawi yayitali.
• Pitani kwa dokotala wa banja lanu chaka chilichonse: Izi zingathandize kupewa kapena kuchedwetsa kukula kwa matenda osatha omwe angayambitse matenda amitsempha m'tsogolo. Kupita kuchipatala kumeneku kungathandizenso kuzindikira matendawa msanga. Matenda ambiriwa ndi osavuta kuchiza akangoyamba kumene.

Ngati ndili ndi matenda amtunduwu, ndingadzisamalire bwanji?

Ngati muli ndi matenda a mitsempha, mungakhale okonzeka kudzisamalira poyamba, koma mungafunike thandizo pakapita nthawi. Kutalika kwa nthawi yomwe mungathe kudzisamalira kumadalira zinthu zambiri, monga matenda omwe muli nawo ndi mavuto ena azaumoyo.

Nanga bwanji ngati simungathe kupanga zisankho? Tiyeni tiganizirenso zimenezo?

Ngati mwapeza kuti muli ndi matenda a mitsempha ndipo simungathe kupanga zisankho nokha, ndikofunikira kulankhula ndi anthu omwe mumawadalira za zomwe mukufuna kuti zichitike. Kukambirana kumeneku kungakhale kovuta, koma kudzaonetsetsa kuti akudziwa zomwe mukufuna ndipo adzachitapo kanthu moyenera. Ichi ndi chinthu chabwino kwa aliyense, mosasamala kanthu za matenda omwe muli nawo.

Anthu omwe muyenera kulankhula nawo za izi:

• Dokotala wa banja lanu ndi/kapena akatswiri omwe akuchiza matenda anu.
• Banja lanu lapafupi.
• Loya wanu (ngati alipo).
• Achibale ndi abwenzi ena omwe mumawakhulupirira ndikuwaona kuti angakupangireni zisankho za moyo ndi imfa.

Nkhani zomwe muyenera kukambirana nawo:

• Ngati pakufunika, ndani amene mungafune kuti akulankhulireni ndikukupangirani zisankho?
• Nkhani zachuma zokhudzana ndi ndalama zomwe mumawononga pa chithandizo chanu.
• Zokhumba zanu zokhudzana ndi zinthu monga chisamaliro cha kumapeto kwa moyo, chifuniro chomaliza ndi pangano, ndi Mphamvu ya Woyimira Milandu .
• Kodi mumakonda chiyani pa mankhwala opulumutsa moyo kapena otalikitsa moyo?

Kukambirana kumeneku kungakhale kovuta komanso kovuta, koma kukambirana kumeneku kusanachedwe kudzaonetsetsa kuti okondedwa anu akudziwa zomwe mukufuna ngati simungathe kulankhula.

Kuwonjezera pa zokambiranazi, ndi bwino kulemba zomwe mukufuna komanso zisankho zanu . Ganizirani zopanga zikalata zalamulo zomwe zimafotokoza zomwe zimachitika ngati simungathe kudzisamalira nokha kapena kupanga zisankho zokhudzana ndi thanzi lanu. Mutha kupeza thandizo kuchokera kwa loya, koma mutha kupanga zina nokha (mungafunike kuzisainidwa ndi notary).

Kodi mumasamalira bwanji wokondedwa wanu ngati ali ndi matenda amtunduwu?

Ngati wokondedwa wanu ali ndi matenda a mitsempha, zomwe mungachite zimadalira mtundu wa matenda omwe ali nawo, momwe alili ovuta, komanso ngati ali ndi mavuto ena azaumoyo. Iwo kapena dokotala wawo ndi omwe angakuuzeni zomwe akufunikira.

Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda amenewa amavutika kulankhula za zomwe akukumana nazo. Ambiri amaopa zomwe zidzachitike mtsogolo. Izi zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kupempha thandizo. Amachita manyazi kupempha thandizo, ndipo kuganiza zodalira ena kungakhale kovuta.

Ngati wokondedwa wanu ali ndi vutoli, pali zinthu zingapo zomwe mungachite ndikukumbukira:

• Musamawaone ngati katundu wolemetsa kapena munthu wopanda thandizo. Matendawa amachititsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuchita zinthu zomwe kale zinali zosavuta. Pamapeto pake, ngakhale zinthu zosavuta monga kusamba, kuvala, ndi kupita kuchimbudzi zimatha kukhala zovuta. Achitireni ulemu ndi chikondi mofanana ndi wina aliyense. Kumbukirani, iwo ndi munthu amene mumamukonda, osati matenda omwe ali nawo.
• Afunseni zomwe akufuna. Nthawi zina, munthu amene ali muvuto amangofuna munthu woti alankhule naye. Ngati wokondedwa wanu akukuululirani zakukhosi, ndi bwino kuwafunsa ngati akufuna munthu woti amvetsere, kapena ngati akufuna malingaliro, malingaliro, kapena thandizo.
• Perekani thandizo. Zingakhale zovuta kwa wokondedwa wanu kupempha thandizo. Sangafune kupempha thandizo, kapena angamve ngati sakulifuna. Nthawi zina, kuthandiza ndi zinthu zazing'ono kungapangitse kuti zikhale zosavuta kuti akudalireni akafuna thandizo lochulukirapo. Mutha kuwathandiza powatengera kukaonana ndi dokotala, kuthandiza kugula zinthu, kapena kuthandiza ntchito zapakhomo.
• Dzisamalireni nokha.Osamalira odwala amatha kutopa m'maganizo ndi m'thupi (kutopa ndi osamalira) . N'zovuta kusamalira ena ngati simukudzisamalira nokha. Ndikofunikanso kumvetsetsa kuti wokondedwa wanu angafunike chisamaliro chochulukirapo kuposa momwe mungamuthandizire. Kuyesa kuwasamalira popanda maphunziro ndi zinthu zomwe muli nazo kungapangitse mavuto ambiri kuposa zabwino.

Kodi tiyenera kupita kwa dokotala liti?

Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro zilizonse zokhudzana ndi ubongo zomwe zikukhudza zochita zanu za tsiku ndi tsiku kapena ntchito yanu, pitani kwa dokotala nthawi iliyonse . Kuzindikira msanga matenda owononga mitsempha kungathandize kwambiri pakulamulira kuchuluka kwa matendawa.

Ngati mukudziwa kuti muli ndi matenda a neurodegenerative, funsani upangiri wa dokotala ngakhale panthawi izi:

• Dokotala wanu akakupatsani nthawi yokumana ndi dokotala . Kupita kukaonana ndi dokotala kumathandiza dokotala wanu kuyang'anira matenda anu ndikukupatsani chithandizo chilichonse chofunikira kapena kusintha moyo wanu.
• Ngati muwona kusintha kwa zizindikiro zanu , kusinthaku kungakhale chidziwitso chofunikira chomwe dokotala wanu angaganizire akamayang'anira ndikusamalirani.
• Ngati muwona zotsatirapo zoyipa kapena kusintha kwa mphamvu ya chithandizo chanu , mankhwala, monga mankhwala, amatha kuchepa pakapita nthawi. Uzani dokotala wanu ngati muwona kusintha kwa mphamvu ya chithandizo chanu. Izi ziwathandiza kusintha chithandizo chanu ndikuyang'anira momwe mulili.

Dokotala wanu angakuuzeninso zinthu zina zomwe muyenera kukaonana naye posachedwa, kapena zomwe zimafuna thandizo lachipatala mwachangu.

Pomaliza, uthenga wopita nawo kunyumba

Mukazindikira kuti muli ndi matenda a mitsempha, mungadabwe, mantha, komanso kukwiya. Zingakhale zovuta kuganiza kuti simungathe kudzisamalira nokha kapena kukhala nokha. Ngati muli ndi wokondedwa wanu amene ali ndi matendawa, nanunso mungamve chimodzimodzi.

Matenda owononga ubongo ndi osatha komanso osachiritsika. Koma akatswiri ndi ofufuza nthawi zonse akupeza njira zatsopano zodziwira ndikuchiza matenda awa . Izi zikutanthauza kuti madokotala angachite zambiri pochiza matenda awa, kukuthandizani kukhala ndi moyo wautali, ndikukweza moyo wanu momwe mungathere. Mwanjira imeneyi, mutha kuchepetsa momwe matendawa amakhudzira moyo wanu ndikuyang'ana kwambiri zinthu zofunika kwambiri kwa inu. Musataye mtima, tsatirani upangiri wa dokotala wanu, ndipo lankhulani ndi okondedwa anu za izi.

Matenda a Neurodegenerative, Matenda a Ubongo, Mitsempha, Dementia, Matenda a Alzheimer, Matenda a Parkinson, Kutaya Kukumbukira, Ukalamba