Tiyeni tiphunzire za Neuroendocrine Tumors m'njira yosavuta.

Kodi nthawi zambiri mumamva kutopa, kupweteka m'mimba, kapena kusapeza bwino? Nthawi zambiri timanyalanyaza zinthuzi ngati zachilendo. Koma nthawi zina, kumbuyo kwa zizindikiro zazing'onozi, pakhoza kukhala vuto losowa koma lofunika lomwe tiyenera kudziwa. Limodzi mwa matenda otere, losafala koma lofunika kwambiri ndi matenda a neuroendocrine, kapena monga momwe timanenera mu Chingerezi, `Neuroendocrine Tumors (NETs).` Chifukwa chake lero, tiyeni tikambirane za izi mwachidule.

Kodi ma neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) amenewa ndi ati?

Mwachidule, uwu ndi mtundu wosowa wa chotupa chomwe chimapanga m'matupi athu. Izi zimayambira ku 'maselo athu a neuroendocrine'. Tsopano mwina mukudabwa kuti ndi maselo amtundu wanji awa. Chodabwitsa kwambiri ndichakuti maselo awa ali ndi mawonekedwe a maselo amitsempha komanso mawonekedwe a maselo a endocrine, omwe amapanga mahomoni. Izi zikutanthauza kuti maselo awa amatha kulandira mauthenga ochokera ku dongosolo la mitsempha ndikutulutsa mahomoni m'magazi poyankha.

Maselo a neuroendocrine amenewa amapezeka m'malo ambiri m'thupi lathu. Amapezeka kwambiri m'malo monga mapapo, m'mimba, kapamba, ndi m'matumbo. Chifukwa chake, pazifukwa zina maselowa akayamba kugawikana ndikuchulukana mosalamulirika, chotupa chimayamba. Ambiri mwa zotupazi ndi oopsa, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti amatha kukhala khansa.

Zotupa zimenezi zimasiyana kwambiri. Zina zimakula pang'onopang'ono, pomwe zina zimakula mofulumira. Komanso, zizindikiro ndi mankhwala ake zimasiyana kwambiri kutengera komwe kuli komanso mtundu wa chotupacho.

Kodi mitundu ikuluikulu ya mtedza uwu ndi iti?

Madokotala amagawa zotupa izi m'magulu awiri akuluakulu. Choyamba chimadalira ngati zimapanga mahomoni kapena ayi.

• Ma NET Ogwira Ntchito: Mitundu iyi ya ma NET imapanga mahomoni. Chifukwa chake, mahomoni omwe akukambidwa akawonjezeka m'thupi, anthuwa amatha kuwona zizindikiro monga kutuluka thukuta mwadzidzidzi, kutuluka thukuta, komanso kudzimbidwa.
• Ma NET Osagwira Ntchito: Mitundu iyi ya ma NET sapanga mahomoni. Chifukwa chake, sangakhale ndi zizindikiro zilizonse kumayambiriro. Zizindikiro zimangowonekera pamene ma NET akukula, kukakamiza chiwalo chomwe chili, kapena kusokoneza ntchito yake.

Kuphatikiza apo, zotupa zimenezi zimagawidwanso m'magulu malinga ndi komwe zimapangidwira pathupi. Izi ndi mitundu yofala kwambiri.

Kuwonjezera pa malo atatu akuluakulu awa, zotupazi sizimakulanso kawirikawiri m'malo monga chithokomiro, parathyroid glands, pituitary gland, ndi adrenal glands.

Kodi matendawa ndi ofala bwanji?

Padziko lonse lapansi, matendawa amakhudza anthu pafupifupi 6 pa anthu 100,000 . Izi zikutanthauza kuti ndi matenda osowa kwambiri. Komabe, chiwerengero cha anthu omwe amapezeka ndi matendawa chawonjezeka pang'ono m'zaka zaposachedwa. Izi zitha kukhala chifukwa chakuti mayeso apamwamba ozindikira matenda tsopano amalola kuti zotupa izi zizindikirike msanga komanso mosavuta.

Ngakhale kuti matendawa amatha kukhudza anthu azaka zilizonse, ndi osowa kwambiri kwa ana ndi achinyamata. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka kwambiri kwa anthu azaka zapakati pa 50 ndi 60 .

Kodi zizindikiro za matendawa ndi ziti?

Ili ndiye vuto lalikulu kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri, zotupa izi sizimayambitsa zizindikiro zilizonse mpaka zitakula mokwanira kuti zikhudze ziwalo zapafupi. Ngakhale zizindikiro zikayamba, zimasiyana malinga ndi komwe chotupacho chili. Komanso, zizindikirozi zimafanana kwambiri ndi za matenda ena ofala kotero kuti zimatha kusokonezedwa mosavuta ndi matenda ena.

Izi ndi zina mwa zizindikiro zomwe zimapezeka nthawi zambiri:

• Kutopa
• Kuwawa kwam'mimba
• Kutsegula m'mimba
• Kusanza ndi kusanza
• Kuvuta kupuma
• Chifuwa (nthawi zina ndi magazi)

N’chifukwa chiyani zotupa zimenezi zimayamba? Kodi ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zimayambitsa vutoli?

Madokotala sakudziwabe chifukwa chake maselo a neuroendocrine awa amayamba kugawikana mosalamulirika. Izi zikutanthauza kuti sakudziwa chomwe chimayambitsa matendawa.

Komabe, zapezeka kuti anthu omwe ali ndi matenda enaake osowa komanso obadwa nawo m'majini (syndromes) ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matenda otupa awa. Izi zikutanthauza kuti vutoli lingayambitsidwe ndi kusintha kwa majini ena.

• Matenda a Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia (MEN): Matendawa amachititsa kuti zotupa zipangike m'ma glands ndi ziwalo zosiyanasiyana. Anthu omwe ali ndi vutoli, otchedwa MEN type 1 (MEN1), ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matenda a pancreatic tumors (P-NETs).
• Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome: Matendawa amawonjezera chiopsezo chotenga khansa ndi zotupa zofala m'thupi.
• Mtundu woyamba wa Neurofibromatosis: Pa vutoli, zotupa zimapangika pakhungu ndi mitsempha.
• Matenda a chifuwa chachikulu (tuberous sclerosis complex): Izi zingayambitse zotupa kupangika kulikonse m'thupi, makamaka muubongo.
• Matenda a Cowden: Matendawa amawonjezeranso chiopsezo chokhala ndi zotupa ndi mitundu ina ya khansa.

Kodi mungazindikire bwanji matendawa? (Kuzindikira)

Monga tafotokozera kale, zizindikiro za matendawa ndi za anthu ambiri, zingatenge nthawi kuti zidziwike. Ngati dokotala wanu akukayikira izi, adzalamula mayeso osiyanasiyana kutengera komwe akuganiza kuti chotupacho chili.

Kodi siteji ndi mulingo wa chotupa ndi chiyani?

Akatsimikizira kuti muli ndi matendawa, dokotala adzakambirana za kukula kwake ndi momwe alili.

• Gawo: Izi zikutanthauza momwe khansa yafalikira. Nthawi zambiri imayikidwa mu magiredi kuyambira gawo 1 mpaka 4. Chiwerengero chikachepa, chotupa chikachepa ndipo sichinafalikire kwambiri. Gawo 4 nthawi zambiri limatanthauza kuti khansa yafalikira kumadera akutali a thupi (metastatic).
• Giredi: Izi zikutanthauza momwe maselo amaonekera osazolowereka pansi pa maikulosikopu komanso momwe amagawikirana mwachangu. Zotupa za Giredi 1 ndi 2 (Zosiyana bwino) zimakula pang'onopang'ono, pomwe zotupa za Giredi 3 (Zosiyana bwino) zimakula mwachangu.

Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu kuti mudziwe momwe gawoli ndi giredi iyi zimakhudzira vuto lanu.

Kodi mankhwala ake ndi otani?

Njira yochiritsira imadalira zinthu zambiri, monga mtundu wa chotupa chomwe muli nacho, kukula kwake, ngati chafalikira, komanso thanzi lanu lonse.

Opaleshoni ndiyo njira yaikulu komanso yogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochiza izi. Ngati chotupacho chingachotsedwe kwathunthu mwa opaleshoni, mwayi wochira ndi waukulu.

Komabe, ngati zotupazo ndi zazikulu kapena zafalikira kumadera ena, njira zina zochiritsira zingafunike.

• Ma analogue a Somatostatin: Awa ndi mtundu wa mankhwala omwe amaletsa thupi kupanga mahomoni ambiri. Amatha kuchepetsa zizindikiro ndikulamulira kukula kwa chotupa.
• Mankhwala a Chemotherapy:Mankhwala amphamvu omwe amapha maselo a khansa.
• Chithandizo Cholunjika: Mankhwalawa amalimbana ndi majini kapena mapuloteni enaake omwe amapezeka m'maselo a khansa okha ndipo amawaukira, motero amawononga maselo athanzi pang'ono.
• Chithandizo cha radiation: Chithandizo cha radiation chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa izi. Mwachitsanzo, njira yotchedwa `peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT)` imagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a radiation kuti iwononge zotupa zomwe zimapanga mahomoni.

Kodi mungakhale bwanji ndi matendawa?

Mukapeza kuti muli ndi ma NET, mungakhale ndi mafunso ambiri. Kodi izi zingatheke? Kodi tsogolo langa lidzakhala bwanji?

Kuyezetsa matenda kumadalira zinthu zingapo. Izi zikuphatikizapo mtundu wa chotupa, ngati chafalikira, komanso momwe chimayankhira bwino chithandizo. Pa avareji, chiŵerengero cha moyo wa zaka zisanu pambuyo popezeka ndi matendawa ndi pafupifupi 39%.

Kumaliza chithandizo sikutanthauza kuti zonse zatha. Chifukwa chakuti zotupazi zimakula mofulumira kwambiri ndipo zimatha kubwereranso mutalandira chithandizo, dokotala wanu adzakuyang'anirani kwa zaka zambiri.

Kodi mungadzisamalire bwanji?

Matendawa ndi mankhwala ake zingakhudze kwambiri thupi lanu ndi maganizo anu.

• Lowani m'magulu othandizira: Kulimbana ndi khansa yokha n'kovuta. Makamaka ngati muli ndi matenda osowa ngati awa, zimakhala zovuta kupeza anthu omwe akumvetsa ululu wanu. Funsani gulu lanu lachipatala za magulu othandizira anthu omwe ali ndi vutoli.
• Idyani zakudya zopatsa thanzi: Zotsatirapo za chithandizo zingayambitse kulephera kudya. Funsani katswiri wa zakudya kuti akupatseni malangizo pa zakudya zomwe zingakuthandizeni kukhala ndi mphamvu zokwanira.
• Pezani chithandizo cha maganizo: Ulendo uwu si wophweka monga momwe mukuganizira. Ngati mukumva kupsinjika maganizo, musachite manyazi kupempha thandizo kwa katswiri wa zamaganizo.
• Samalani ndi kumwa mowa: Mowa ukhoza kukulitsa zizindikiro zina, choncho funsani dokotala wanu za kumwa mowa.

Ndiyenera kupita kwa dokotala liti?

Ngati muli ndi NET, dziwani kusintha kulikonse m'thupi lanu. Makamaka, ngati mukumva kutuluka magazi mwadzidzidzi, kutupa m'mimba, kapena kupuma movutikira, izi zitha kukhala zizindikiro za matenda otchedwa carcinoid syndrome. Pazochitika zotere, dziwitsani dokotala wanu nthawi yomweyo.

Komanso, ngati zizindikiro zanu zikuipiraipira, kapena ngati zotsatirapo zoyipa za chithandizo zikuvuta kuzipirira, funsani upangiri kwa dokotala.

Kodi muyenera kupita ku Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) liti?

Pali nthawi zina pamene ma NET angakhudze mtima. Ngati mukumva kutupa kosazolowereka m'miyendo kapena m'mapazi anu, ndipo mwadzidzidzi mukumva kupuma movutikira, pitani ku Dipatimenti Yothandiza Pangozi (ETU) yapafupi nthawi yomweyo.

Pomaliza, ndi zachilendo kukhala ndi mafunso ambiri mukadziwa za matenda osowa ngati awa. Kulankhula momasuka ndi dokotala wanu ndikufunsa mafunso anu onse kungakuthandizeni kwambiri kuti muzitha kulamulira thanzi lanu.