Kodi mudamvapo za neuromyelitis optica , kapena NMO monga momwe timatchulira mwachidule? Mwina ayi. Chifukwa si matenda ofala kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Koma ndi vuto lalikulu lomwe lingakhudze mwachindunji maso athu ndi msana. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kwambiri kudziwa za izi. Lero, tikambirana za izi m'njira yosavuta yomwe mungamvetse.
Mwachidule, kodi NMO ndi chiyani?
NMO ili ndi mayina ena angapo. Ena amatcha Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder (NMOSD), pomwe ena amatcha Devic's Disease. Ichi ndi chinthu chachilendo kwambiri chomwe chimachitika. Chitetezo cha thupi lathu, chitetezo chamthupi, molakwika chimayamba kuukira maselo athu athanzi. Zili ngati gulu lathu lankhondo likuukira dziko lathu. Kuukira kumeneku kumakhudza makamaka magawo awiri a dongosolo lathu la mitsempha: mitsempha ya optic, yomwe imanyamula chidziwitso kuchokera m'diso kupita ku ubongo, ndi chingwe cha msana, chomwe chimatsika msana.
Matendawa angachitike m'njira ziwiri zazikulu:
1. Monophasic NMO: Mu izi, zizindikiro zimawonekera mwadzidzidzi kwa masiku kapena milungu ingapo ndipo zimatha pakagwa kuukira kamodzi.
2. Kubwereranso kwa NMO: Uwu ndi mtundu wofala kwambiri. Apa, zizindikiro zimawonekera ndikuchepa pakapita nthawi. Koma kenako, miyezi kapena zaka zingapo pambuyo pake, kuukira kwina kungachitike. Zizindikiro zimatha kukulirakulira nthawi iliyonse kuukira.
Ngakhale kuti mtundu woyamba ungakhudze amuna ndi akazi, mtundu wachiwiri, kapena NMO yobwereranso m'thupi, ndi wofala kwambiri mwa akazi kuposa amuna. Ungakhudzenso ana aang'ono.
Kodi zizindikiro za NMO ndi ziti?
Zizindikiro za NMO zimagawidwa m'magulu awiri akuluakulu. Ngati muli ndi chimodzi mwa izi, ndikofunikira kwambiri kupita kwa dokotala mwachangu.
| Matenda | Kufotokozera ndi zizindikiro |
|---|---|
| Matenda a mitsempha ya maso | Apa ndi pamene mitsempha ya maso imatupa. Mwadzidzidzi mungamve kupweteka kwakukulu mkati mwa diso lanu . Izi zingatsatidwe ndi kusawona bwino, ndipo nthawi zina ngakhale kutayika kwathunthu kwa masomphenya. Nthawi zambiri zimakhudza diso limodzi, koma nthawi zina zimatha kukhudza maso onse awiri. |
| Myelitis yopingasa | Apa ndi pamene msana umatupa. Izi zingayambitse kupweteka, kufooka, dzanzi, kapena kufooka m'manja ndi miyendo. Muthanso kutaya mphamvu ya chikhodzodzo ndi matumbo anu. Kuphatikiza apo, zizindikiro monga nseru, kusanza, kuzizira kosalekeza, kuuma kwa khosi, ndi mutu zimathanso kuchitika. |
Ngati ana aang'ono ayamba kukhala ndi NMO, amatha kusonyeza zizindikiro zoopsa monga kusintha kwa khalidwe, kusokonezeka kwa chidziwitso, khunyu, kapena chikomokere.
Kodi NMO ndi yofanana ndi MS (Multiple Sclerosis)?
Ayi. Apa ndi malo omwe anthu ambiri amasokonezeka. MS, yomwe imayimira Multiple Sclerosis, ndi matenda ena omwe amakhudza mitsempha ndipo amayamba chifukwa cha ntchito ya chitetezo chamthupi. Kale, madokotala ankaganiza kuti NMO ndi mtundu wa MS. Koma tsopano kafukufuku wapeza kuti matenda awiriwa ndi osiyana kwambiri.
Nazi zina mwa zosinthazi :
| Factor | NMO (Neuromyelitis Optica) | Matenda a MS (Multiple Sclerosis) |
|---|---|---|
| Kuthamanga kwa kuyamba kwa matendawa | Zizindikiro nthawi zambiri zimakhala zofulumira komanso zoopsa. | Zizindikiro nthawi zambiri zimakula pang'onopang'ono, pakapita nthawi yayitali. |
| Kuyezetsa magazi | Pali mayeso enieni a magazi (antibody test) kuti adziwe NMO. | Palibe mayeso enieni a magazi ngati awa kuti adziwe matenda a MS. |
| Kujambula kwa ubongo kwa MRI | Poyamba matendawa, MRI ya ubongo ingaoneke ngati yachibadwa. | Mu MS, kusintha nthawi zambiri kumawonekera pa MRI scans ya ubongo. |
| Zina mwazinthu | Zizindikiro monga nseru, kusanza, ndi kutsekeka kwa mphuno n'zofala. | Zizindikiro izi sizimawoneka kawirikawiri mu MS. |
Nchiyani chimayambitsa NMO?
Ndipotu, madokotala sakudziwabe chomwe chimayambitsa NMO. Palibe umboni woti imafalikira kuchokera ku mibadwomibadwo. Koma chinthu chimodzi n'chodziwikiratu. Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi NMO ali ndi matenda ena odziteteza okha , kapena achibale awo ali nawo. Mwachidule, ndi vuto lomwe chitetezo cha mthupi lathu, chitetezo chamthupi, chimaukira maselo athu athanzi molakwika. Matenda a shuga (Mtundu 1 wa Matenda a Shuga), nyamakazi, psoriasis, ndi vitiligo ndi zitsanzo zochepa chabe za matenda otere.
Kodi matendawa amapezeka bwanji?
Dokotala wanu akakufunsani za zizindikiro zanu, adzakuyesani. Izi zikuphatikizapo kuyesa luso lanu loganiza, kuona, kulankhula, mphamvu za thupi lanu, ndi mphamvu zanu zogwira ntchito.
Kuphatikiza apo, mayeso awa akhoza kuchitidwanso:
- Kuyezetsa magazi: Anthu opitilira 70% omwe ali ndi NMO ali ndi puloteni inayake, yotchedwa antibody, m'magazi mwawo. Izi zitha kuzindikirika poyezetsa magazi.
- Kuyesa madzi a msana: Nthawi zina kungakhale kofunikira kutenga madzi kuchokera ku msana ndikuyesa.
- Kujambula kwa MRI: MRI ( kujambula kwa maginito)) ndi njira yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito maginito akuluakulu ndi kompyuta kuti ijambule zithunzi zomveka bwino za mkati mwa thupi lanu. Izi zingathandize kuona ngati msana wanu watupa.
- Kuyezetsa maso: Mungatumizidwe kwa dokotala wa maso, yemwe adzakupatseni mayeso apadera monga OCT (Optical Coherence Tomography) kuti aone ngati mitsempha ya maso yawonongeka.
Kodi mankhwala a NMO ndi otani?
Iyi ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri. Palibe mankhwala a NMO pakadali pano. Koma pali mankhwala othandiza kwambiri omwe angathandize kuwongolera zizindikiro ndikupewa kuukira mtsogolo.
- Mankhwala oletsa khunyu: Pali mankhwala atsopano angapo omwe avomerezedwa posachedwapa kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito ngati NMO. Eculizumab (Soliris), inebilizumab-cdon (Uplizna), ndi satralizumab-mwge (Enspryng) ndi ena mwa mankhwala amenewa. Mankhwalawa amagwira ntchito polimbana ndi ma antibodies omwe amaukira maselo athu athanzi ndikulepheretsa kugwira ntchito. Kuphatikiza apo, dokotala wanu angakupatseni mankhwala ena omwe amaletsa chitetezo cha mthupi.
- Ma Steroid: Mankhwala a steroid amaperekedwa kuti achepetse kutupa m'thupi. Kawirikawiri amaperekedwa kudzera mu mtsempha (IV).
- Kusinthana kwa plasma: Kumatchedwanso plasmapheresis, izi zili ngati chotsukira magazi. Makina apadera amalekanitsa plasma ndi magazi anu, omwe ali ndi ma antibodies oopsa, ndikuchotsa. Kenako, amawonjezeredwa m'malo mwake ndipo magazi oyeretsedwawo amabwezeretsedwanso m'thupi lanu.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- NMO ndi matenda osowa koma oopsa omwe amakhudza maso ndi msana wathu.
- Ngati mukukumana ndi zizindikiro monga kupweteka kwa maso mwadzidzidzi, kulephera kuona bwino, kufooka kapena dzanzi m'miyendo yanu, funsani upangiri wa dokotala mwamsanga.
- NMO ndi matenda osiyana ndi MS (Multiple Sclerosis). Kuyezetsa magazi kwapadera kungathe kusiyanitsa awiriwa.
- Ngakhale kuti sichingathe kuchiritsidwa kwathunthu, pali mankhwala othandiza kwambiri omwe alipo masiku ano kuti athetse zizindikiro ndikuletsa kuukira mtsogolo.
- Ngati inu kapena munthu amene mumamudziwa ali ndi kukayikira kapena mafunso okhudza izi, chonde lankhulani momasuka ndi dokotala wanu.
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