Tiyeni tiphunzire zambiri zokhudza poizoni wa chakudya! Pitirizani kuwerenga mopanda mantha!

Lero tikambirana za chinthu chomwe anthu ambiri amakumana nacho, koma sachidziwa bwino. Chimenecho ndi poizoni wa chakudya, kapena monga momwe timanenera mu Chingerezi, ``(Poisoning)``. Nthawi zina, mwadzidzidzi mumakhala ndi vuto la m'mimba, mumayamba kusanza, ndipo zimakhala zovuta kwambiri, eti? Ndiye, kodi poizoni wa chakudya ndi chiyani kwenikweni? Tiyeni tiwone.

Kodi poizoni wa chakudya kwenikweni ndi chiyani?

Mwachidule, poizoni wa chakudya ndi matenda omwe amayamba chifukwa cha majeremusi omwe amalowa m'chakudya chomwe timadya. Majeremusiwa akhoza kukhala mabakiteriya, nthawi zina mavairasi, kapena tizilombo tina ting'onoting'ono. Sitingathe kuwaona, kuwanunkhiza, kapena kuwalawa (osati pansi pa maikulosikopu). Koma, ngakhale kuti ndi ang'onoang'ono, amatha kukhudza kwambiri matupi athu.

Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda towononga chakudya tikalowa m'thupi mwathu, timatha kutulutsa poizoni. Poizoni ameneyu ndiye chifukwa cha dzina lakuti 'kuwonongeka kwa chakudya'. Poizoni ameneyu ndi amene amayambitsa kutsegula m'mimba (kusanza) ndi kusanza .

Madokotala nthawi zambiri amatchula 'poizoni wa chakudya' ngati matenda omwe amabwera munthu atangodya chakudya chodetsedwa. Nthawi zambiri, kutsegula m'mimba kapena kusanza kumayamba patangopita maola ochepa kuchokera pamene munthu wadya chakudyacho. Koma nkhani yabwino ndi yakuti poyizoni wa chakudya nthawi zambiri amatha msanga. Anthu ambiri amachira pasanathe masiku awiri kapena atatu popanda mavuto a nthawi yayitali.

Komabe, nthawi zina zoopsa kwambiri, poizoni wa chakudya angafunike kuti mukawone dokotala kapena kupita kuchipatala. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa madzi m'thupi . Izi zikutanthauza kuti thupi limataya madzi. Ichi ndi vuto loopsa kwambiri la poizoni wa chakudya.

Kodi zizindikiro za poizoni wa chakudya ndi ziti?

Zizindikiro za poizoni m'zakudya zimadalira mtundu wa kachilombo komwe kanayambitsa vutoli. Anthu ena amayamba kudwala pasanathe ola limodzi kapena awiri atadya chakudya chodetsedwa kapena madzi akumwa. Nthawi zina, zizindikiro zimatenga milungu ingapo kuti ziwonekere. Koma nthawi zambiri, zizindikirozi zimatha pasanathe masiku 1 mpaka 10.

Izi ndi zizindikiro zosonyeza kuti mwana wanu akhoza kukhala ndi vuto la chakudya:

• Kumva ngati kusanza (kumva ngati kusanza)
• Kupweteka m'mimba ndi kumva ngati ukutembenuka m'mimba
• Kusanza
• Kutsegula m'mimba (kupweteka m'mimba)
• Malungo
• Mutu ndi kupweteka kwa thupi

Nthawi zambiri, munthu amatha kumva chizungulire, kusawona bwino, kapena dzanzi m'manja chifukwa cha poizoni wa chakudya. Nthawi zina, kumva ngati alibe chochita komwe kumayenderana ndi poizoni wa chakudya kungapangitse kuti zikhale zovuta kupuma .

Kodi ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zimayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa chakudya?

Kuopsa kwa chakudya kumachitika mukadya kapena kumwa chakudya chomwe chaipitsidwa ndi majeremusi. Nthawi zambiri, kuopsa kwa chakudya kumachitika chifukwa cha zinthu zochokera ku nyama - kutanthauza nyama, nkhuku, mazira, mkaka, ndi nsomba zam'madzi . Komabe, zipatso zosasambitsidwa, ndiwo zamasamba, ndi zakudya zina zosaphika zingayambitsenso kuopsa kwa chakudya.Zingadetsedwe ndikudwalitsa anthu. Ngakhale madzi angapangitse chakudya kuwonongeka, kodi mukudziwa?

Pali njira zambiri zomwe chakudya chingaipitsidwire. Zinthuzi zingachitike pokonza, kusunga, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito chakudya. Taganizirani izi motere:

• Madzi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kulima chakudya akhoza kuipitsidwa ndi ndowe za nyama kapena za anthu.
• Nyama kapena nkhuku zimatha kukhudzana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda pokonzekera kapena ponyamula.
• Mabakiteriya amatha kulowa mu chakudya ngati chasungidwa kutentha kolakwika kapena ngati chasungidwa kwa nthawi yayitali .
• Chakudya chingaipitsidwe ngati anthu ophika kapena kugwira chakudya sasamba m'manja mokwanira, kapena ngati agwiritsa ntchito ziwiya zodetsedwa kapena matabwa odulira.

Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda enaake (monga matenda osatha a impso) kapena omwe ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi chofooka amakhala ndi mwayi waukulu wodwala chifukwa cha poizoni wa chakudya kuposa anthu athanzi.

Kodi mitundu ikuluikulu ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda yomwe imayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa chakudya ndi iti?

Pali mitundu ingapo ya majeremusi omwe nthawi zambiri amayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa chakudya, tiyeni tiphunzire pang'ono za iwo:

• Salmonella: Bakiteriya iyi ndi yomwe imayambitsa poizoni wa chakudya padziko lonse lapansi. Bakiteriya iyi nthawi zambiri imalowa mu chakudya kudzera mu ndowe za nyama. Zakudya za mkaka, nyama yosaphikidwa bwino, ndi zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba zosaphika zomwe sizinatsukidwe bwino ndizomwe zimayambitsa poizoni wa salmonella.
• E. coli (Escherichia coli): Bakiteriya iyi nthawi zambiri imalowa m'chakudya kapena m'madzi kudzera mu ndowe za nyama. Kudya ng'ombe yosaphikidwa bwino ndi chifukwa chachikulu cha kuipitsidwa kwa E. coli.
• Listeria: Bakiteriya iyi imapezeka kwambiri mu mkaka wosaphikidwa, nsomba zam'madzi zosuta, ndi nyama zokonzedwa monga hot dog ndi nyama ya nkhomaliro . Bakiteriya ya Listeria imathanso kuipitsa zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba, koma izi zimachitika kawirikawiri.
• Campylobacter: Bacteria iyi nthawi zambiri imaipitsa nyama, nkhuku, ndi mkaka wosaphikidwa . Campylobacter imathanso kuipitsa madzi. Monga mabakiteriya ena, nthawi zambiri imalowa m'chakudya kudzera mu kukhudzana ndi ndowe za nyama zomwe zaipitsidwa.
• Staphylococcus aureus: Bakiteriya iyi (yomwe imapezeka pa nyama, masaladi okonzedwa, ndi zakudya zopangidwa ndi mkaka wosaphikidwa) imafalikira kudzera mu kugwirana manja, kuyetsemula, kapena kutsokomola. Izi zikutanthauza kuti anthu omwe amakonza ndi kusamalira chakudya amatha kufalitsa matendawa.
• Shigella: Bakiteriya wa Shigella amatha kuipitsa nsomba zam'madzi, zipatso zosaphika, ndi ndiwo zamasamba . Bakiteriyayu nthawi zambiri amafalikira ndi anthu omwe amakonza kapena kugwira chakudya kapena omwe sasamba m'manja bwino akachoka kuchimbudzi. Nthawi zina, matendawa angayambitse magazi m'chimbudzi.
• Chiwindi cha chiwindi A: Kachilombo kameneka kamafalikira kwambiri kwa anthu kudzera mu kudya nkhono zosaphika kapena chakudya chomwe munthu wodwala matendawa watenga . N'zovuta kudziwa komwe kamapezeka, chifukwa zizindikiro sizingawonekere kwa masiku 15 mpaka 50 mutatenga kachilomboka.
• Norovirus: Matenda a Norovirus amafalikira mosavuta kuchokera kwa munthu wina kupita kwa wina, makamaka m'malo odzaza anthu monga malo osamalira ana masana ndi masukulu.

Majeremusi ena monga Listeria ndi E. coli, angayambitse mavuto aakulu a mtima, impso, ndi kutuluka magazi , choncho ndikofunikira kudziwa izi.

Kodi nthawi zabwino zokaonana ndi dokotala ndi ziti?

Kupha poizoni wambiri m'zakudya sikufuna thandizo la dokotala, koma ena amafuna thandizo. Vuto lalikulu kwambiri la kupha poizoni m'zakudya ndi kuchepa kwa madzi m'thupi . Mwana wathanzi sangakhale ndi madzi okwanira m'thupi ngati amwa madzi okwanira kuti alowe m'malo mwa madzi omwe amataya chifukwa cha kusanza kapena kutsegula m'mimba.

Komabe, muyenera kulankhula ndi dokotala ngati mwana wanu ali ndi zizindikiro izi:

• Ngati mukusanza mosalekeza kwa maola opitilira 12
• Ngati muli ndi kutsegula m'mimba ndi kutentha kwa thupi kopitirira 38.3°C (101°F)
• Ngati muli ndi ululu waukulu m'mimba womwe sumatha ngakhale mutachotsa matumbo
• Ngati muli ndi ndowe zamagazi (kaya kutsegula m'mimba kapena ndowe wamba) kapena ngati mukusanza magazi
• Ngati ndowe zanu zili zakuda kapena zofiirira (izi zitha kukhala chizindikiro cha kutuluka magazi mkati)
• Palibe vuto ngati mtima wanu ukugunda mofulumira, koma ngati chifuwa chanu chikugunda,

Muyeneranso kudziwa bwino zizindikiro za kutaya madzi m'thupi. Izi zingaphatikizepo:

• Ludzu kwambiri
• Ngati mukukodza pang'ono kwambiri kapena simunakodza konse (ngati simunakodze kwa maola 6-8, ndi vuto lalikulu)
• Chizungulire
• Ngati maso anu akuwoneka otseguka
• Kumva chizungulire kapena mutu wopepuka

Ngati wina m'banja mwanu wapita kudziko lina posachedwapa ndipo mwana wanu wayamba kutsekula m'mimba kapena mavuto ena am'mimba , imbani dokotala wanu .

Kupha poizoni m'chakudya (makamaka kutaya madzi m'thupi) kungakhale koopsa kwambiri kwa anthu omwe ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi chofooka kapena matenda ena . Ngati mwana wanu ali ndi vuto la thanzi (monga mavuto a impso kapena matenda a sickle cell), imbani dokotala nthawi yomweyo. Amayi oyembekezera ayeneranso kuuza dokotala wawo ngati ayamba kupha poizoni m'chakudya, chifukwa majeremusi ena amatha kukhudza mwana m'mimba.

Kodi mumadziwa bwanji molondola chomwe chimapanga njira yothetsera chakudya?

Dokotala adzafunsa za zinthu monga zomwe mwana wanu wadya posachedwapa komanso nthawi yomwe zizindikiro zake zinayamba . Dokotalayo adzamufufuza mwanayo ndipo angatenge magazi, ndowe, kapena mkodzo kuti atumize ku labu kuti akawunikidwe. Izi zingathandize dokotalayo kupeza chomwe chayambitsa matendawa.

Kodi mumalandira bwanji mankhwala ophera poizoni m'zakudya?

Kawirikawiri, poizoni wa chakudya amatha wokha pakatha masiku ochepa. Komabe, nthawi zina, madokotala amapereka maantibayotiki kwa poizoni wa chakudya woopsa woyambitsidwa ndi mabakiteriya. Mwana wosowa madzi okwanira m'thupi angafunike kuchiritsidwa kuchipatala ndi madzi a m'mitsempha .

Ndi mankhwala otani omwe angachitike kunyumba?

Poizoni wa chakudya nthawi zambiri amatha wokha patangopita masiku ochepa. Pakadali pano, nazi zina zomwe mungachite kuti mwana wanu amve bwino:

• Muzipuma mokwanira. Kusachita zinthu mopitirira muyeso kudzakuthandizani kuchira msanga.
• Perekani madzi kuti mupewe kusowa madzi m'thupi. Ma electrolyte monga Jeevani ndi abwino, koma mungapereke china chilichonse kupatula mkaka kapena zakumwa zokhala ndi caffeine (monga tiyi kapena khofi), monga madzi wamba, phala, kapena supu.
• Apatseni madzi pang'ono komanso pafupipafupi. Izi zithandiza kuti madzi azikhala osavuta kusunga komanso kuchepetsa kusanza.
• Pewani kupereka zakudya zolimba ndi mkaka mpaka kutsegula m'mimba kutatha.

Kumbukirani izi: Musamwe mankhwala oletsa kutsegula m'mimba omwe amagulitsidwa popanda upangiri wa dokotala. Izi zingachedwetse kuchotsedwa kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tomwe timadya, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zizindikirozo zipitirire kwa nthawi yayitali.

Akasiya kutsegula m'mimba ndi kusanza, mupatseni mwana wanu chakudya chochepa, chopanda mafuta ambiri (monga phala la mpunga, ndiwo zamasamba zophikidwa ndi nthunzi, supu) kwa masiku angapo . Izi zithandiza kupewa kuvutika m'mimba kwina.

Ngati zizindikiro zikuipiraipira kapena mukuona zizindikiro za kutaya madzi m'thupi, imbani dokotala nthawi yomweyo.

Kodi tiyenera kuchita chiyani kuti tipewe poizoni wa chakudya?

"Kupewa ndi bwino kuposa kuchiza," akutero iwo. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kutsatira malangizo awa kuti muteteze banja lanu ku poizoni wa chakudya:

• Phunzitsani aliyense m'banjamo kusamba m'manja bwino komanso nthawi zambiri . Makamaka akachoka kuchimbudzi, asanagwire chakudya, komanso akagwira chakudya chosaphika (nyama, nsomba). Gwiritsani ntchito sopo ndi madzi otentha ndipo pukutani kwa masekondi osachepera 15-20.
• Tsukani bwino ziwiya zonse, matabwa odulira, ndi malo ogwirira ntchito omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pophika chakudya ndi madzi otentha komanso a sopo .
• Musapatse mkaka wosaphikidwa kapena zakudya zopangidwa kuchokera mmenemo.
• Tsukani masamba ndi zipatso zosaphika zonse zomwe sizingasefukidwe (monga mphesa, nthochi) bwino pansi pa madzi othamanga.
• Sungani zakudya zosaphika (makamaka nyama, nkhuku, ndi nsomba zam'madzi) padera ndi zakudya zina mpaka zitakonzeka kuphikidwa. Musagwiritse ntchito bolodi lomwelo podula nyama ndi saladi zosaphika.
• Gwiritsani ntchito zakudya zomwe zimawonongeka kapena zakudya zomwe zili ndi tsiku lotha ntchito mwachangu momwe zingathere.
• Phikani nyama zonse bwino mpaka kutentha kwa mkati mwa thupi kukhale kotetezeka. Gwiritsani ntchito thermometer ya nyama ngati ilipo.
• Pa nyama ya ng'ombe yophikidwa ndi nkhumba, izi zikutanthauza kutentha kosachepera 160°F (71°C).
• Pa nyama yodulidwa yokhuthala (monga ng'ombe, nkhosa), kutentha kotetezeka ndi 145°F (63°C).
• Nkhuku ndi nkhuku (yophwanyidwa ndi yonse), kutentha kosachepera 165°F (74°C).
• Phikani mazira a nkhuku mpaka dzira litalimba .
• Nsomba nthawi zambiri zimakhala zotetezeka kudya zikafika kutentha kwa 145°F (63°C).
• Sungani zotsala mufiriji mkati mwa maola awiri (ola limodzi ngati nyengo yotentha). Ngati n'kotheka, sungani m'zidebe zosalowa mpweya.
• Mukasungunula chakudya, chisungunuleni mufiriji, mu microwave, kapena pansi pa madzi ozizira othamanga. Musasungunule chakudya kutentha kwa chipinda.
• Ngati chakudya chatha ntchito, chili ndi mtundu, kukoma, kapena fungo lachilendo, chitayeni. Ngati mukukayika, musadye!
• Ngati muli ndi pakati, pewani kudya nyama yaiwisi kapena yosaphikidwa bwino, nsomba zam'madzi, nsomba zam'madzi zosuta, mazira osaphika ndi zakudya zomwe zingakhale ndi mazira osaphika (monga mayonesi wopangidwa kunyumba), tchizi chofewa, mkaka wosaphikidwa ndi zakumwa za zipatso, ma paté, masaladi ogulidwa m'sitolo, nyama ya nkhomaliro, ndi ma hot dog .
• Musamwe madzi ochokera m'mitsinje kapena m'zitsime zosayera.

Ngati wina m'banja mwanu ali ndi vuto la zakudya, imbani dipatimenti ya zaumoyo yapafupi. Akhoza kupeza chomwe chikuyambitsa ndikuletsa kufalikira kwa matenda omwe angakhudze ena.

Ndiye, ndi zinthu ziti zofunika kwambiri zomwe tiyenera kukumbukira kuchokera munkhaniyi?

Kupha poizoni m'zakudya kungachitikire aliyense, koma ngati titasamala pang'ono, tingapewe. Kukonza chakudya mwaukhondo, kuphika bwino, ndi kusamba m'manja bwino ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri. Ngati mwana ali ndi vuto la m'mimba, kusanza, kapena kutsegula m'mimba, ndikofunikira kwambiri kumupatsa madzi okwanira. Izi zikutanthauza kuwapatsa madzi ambiri. Ngati matendawa akuwoneka kuti ndi oopsa, ngati ali ndi malungo, kapena ngati akusonyeza zizindikiro za kutaya madzi m'thupi, pitani kwa dokotala nthawi yomweyo. Palibe chodetsa nkhawa nacho, nthawi zambiri zimakhala bwino pakapita masiku ochepa. Koma, kudziwa bwino ndiye chitetezo chabwino kwambiri! Khalani ndi thanzi labwino, nonse!

Kupha poizoni pa chakudya , kupha poizoni pa chakudya, kutsegula m'mimba, kusanza, kusowa madzi m'thupi, mabakiteriya, chitetezo cha chakudya