Kodi mulinso ndi matenda a impso otchedwa polycystic kidney disease (PCK)? Tiyeni tikambirane za izi!

Kodi mudamvapo za matenda omwe matumba ang'onoang'ono odzaza madzi amapangika mkati mwa impso? Mwina wina m'banja mwanu ali nawo, kapena mudamvapo za matendawo kwinakwake. Ichi ndi chomwe timachitcha Matenda a Impso a Polycystic (PKD) . Dzinalo lingamveke ngati loopsa pang'ono, koma kudziwa zambiri za matendawa kungakhale komveka bwino. Chifukwa chake, tiyeni tikambirane za PKD mwatsatanetsatane lero.

Kodi PKD ndi chiyani? Mwachidule...

Mwachidule, Matenda a Impso a Polycystic (PKD) ndi vuto lomwe limayambitsa ma cysts ambiri odzaza madzi, omwe ali ngati matuza ang'onoang'ono, mkati mwa impso zanu . Ndi vuto la majini . Izi zikutanthauza kuti muyenera kukhala ndi jini yosinthika m'thupi lanu kuti mupange. Izi ndizosiyana kwambiri ndi ma cysts a impso, omwe nthawi zambiri amapangika pa impso zanu zokha ndipo nthawi zambiri samakhala oopsa.

Ma cysts amenewa omwe amapangidwa chifukwa cha PKD amatha kukula pang'onopang'ono ndikukulitsa impso zonse ziwiri. Tangoganizirani, nthawi zina ma cysts awa amatha kuwonjezera kulemera kwa impso kufika pa mapaundi 30 (pafupifupi makilogalamu 13.5)! Kenako, impso zathu sizingathenso kuchita ntchito yawo yayikulu yosefa zinyalala kuchokera m'magazi. Pakapita nthawi, vutoli limatha kukhala Matenda a Impso Osatha , omwe pamapeto pake angayambitse kulephera kwa impso . Ndipotu, PKD ndiye chifukwa cha pafupifupi 2% ya kulephera kwa impso ku United States. Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi PKD adzafunika dialysis kapena kuikidwa impso nthawi ina m'miyoyo yawo.

Choncho, ngati dokotala wakupezani ndi matenda a PKD, chofunika kwambiri si kuchita mantha koma kugwira naye ntchito limodzi kuti apange dongosolo labwino la chithandizo kuti athetse mavuto omwe angabwere chifukwa cha matendawa.

Kodi mitundu ikuluikulu ya PKD ndi iti?

Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya matenda a PKD. Tiyeni tiphunzire pang'ono za iwo.

1. Matenda a Impso a Autosomal Dominant Polycystic (ADPKD)

Uwu ndi mtundu wofala kwambiri wa matenda a PKD. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka munthu akakula, ali ndi zaka zapakati pa 30 ndi 50. Komabe, nthawi zina amatha kupezeka ali mwana kapena wachinyamata. Kuti mukhale ndi mtundu uwu wa matenda a PKD, m'modzi mwa makolo anu ayenera kukhala ndi kusintha kwa majini. Anthu omwe ali ndi ADPKD ali ndi kusintha kumeneku m'majini otchedwa `PKD1` kapena `PKD2`.

2. Matenda a Impso a Autosomal Recessive Polycystic (ARPKD)

Mtundu uwu ndi wosowa kwambiri. Umatchedwanso kuti infantile PKD . Umachitika mwana akadali m'mimba, kutanthauza kuti, panthawi ya kukula kwa mwana wosabadwayo., impso sizikula bwino. Madokotala nthawi zambiri amazindikira izi akamajambula ultrasound ya mwana asanabadwe panthawi ya mimba kapena mwana akabadwa. Kuti mwana akhale ndi mtundu uwu wa ARPKD, makolo onse awiri ayenera kukhala ndi kusintha kwa majini kotchedwa `PKHD1`, ndipo mwanayo ayenera kulandira jini kuchokera kwa onse awiri.

Kodi matenda a PKD ndi ofala bwanji?

Ziwerengero zikusonyeza kuti ku United States kokha kuli odwala pafupifupi 500,000 (500,000) a PKD.

Mtundu wa matenda a ADPKD womwe tidakambirana kale, ndi wofala kwambiri kuposa ARPKD. Pafupifupi 90% ya anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a PKD ali ndi ADPKD. ARPKD ndi matenda osowa kwambiri. Amakhudza pafupifupi munthu m'modzi pa anthu 25,000.

Kodi zizindikiro zofala za PKD ndi ziti?

Zizindikiro zimatha kusiyana malinga ndi mtundu wa PKD womwe muli nawo.

Zizindikiro za ADPKD

Anthu omwe ali ndi ADPKD, mtundu wofala kwambiri, sangakhale ndi zizindikiro mpaka atakula. Nthawi zina, ma cysts omwe amapangika mu impso sangawoneke mpaka atakula kwambiri. Ngati zizindikiro zikuwonekera, zingaphatikizepo:

• Ululu kumbuyo kapena m'mbali (womwe umatchedwanso "ululu wa m'mbali")
• Kuthamanga kwa magazi
• Mutu wopweteka pafupipafupi
• Magazi mu mkodzo (Hematuria)
• Matenda opatsirana pafupipafupi m'njira ya mkodzo (UTIs)
• Miyala ya impso

Zizindikiro za ARPKD

Makanda omwe ali ndi ARPKD, omwe ndi osowa kwambiri, amatha kusonyeza zizindikiro pobadwa kapena ali ana. Nthawi zina, dokotala amatha kuona ziphuphu m'impso za mwana wosabadwayo panthawi ya ultrasound ya prenatal.

Ngati mwana wakhanda ali ndi ARPKD, akhoza kukhala ndi zizindikiro monga:

• Kubadwa ndi kulemera kochepa
• Mimba yotupa
• Kukhala ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi pobadwa
• Kuvuta kupuma

Ngati muli ndi ARPKD muli ana, mungakumane ndi zizindikiro monga:

• Kulephera kukula (izi zimatchedwa ``Kulephera kukula'')
• Matenda opatsirana pafupipafupi m'njira ya mkodzo (UTIs)
• Kuthamanga kwa magazi
• Ululu m'mimba kapena m'munsi mwa msana

Ngati ARPKD ilipo m'mwana wosabadwayo, ma scan angasonyeze zotsatirazi:

• Impso zazikulu kuposa zachizolowezi
• Mulingo wochepa wa madzi amniotic

Kodi zizindikiro za PKD nthawi zonse zimawonekera mwachangu?

Ayi, sizili choncho. Matendawa nthawi zambiri amakhala chete, opanda zizindikiro . Izi zikutanthauza kuti matendawa amatha kufalikira m'thupi popanda zizindikiro zilizonse zakunja. Tangoganizirani, pafupifupi theka la anthu omwe ali ndi matendawa sangadziwe kuti ali nawo pa moyo wawo wonse. Zizindikiro nthawi zambiri zimawonekera pambuyo poti matuza amadzi (cysts) ayamba kukula.

Kodi n’chiyani chimayambitsa matenda a PKD?

Monga tanenera kale, chifukwa chachikulu cha matenda a PKD ndi kusintha kwa majini . Mukudziwa kuti majini ndi ngati zinthu zofunika kwambiri zomwe zimamanga thupi lathu. Timalandira majini amenewa kuchokera kwa makolo athu. Majini amenewa amatsimikiza momwe thupi lathu liyenera kukula ndi kugwira ntchito. Nthawi zina, panthawi ya kukula kwa mwana wosabadwayo, majini amenewa amasinthidwa ndipo sakopedwa bwino. Ngati muli ndi kusintha kwa majini kotere, kumathanso kuperekedwa kwa ana anu. PKD nthawi zambiri imakula motere.

Komabe, nthawi zambiri, ngakhale makolo onse awiri atakhala opanda jini iyi, matendawa amatha kuchitika chifukwa cha kusintha kwa majini mwachisawawa.

Kodi ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zimayambitsa vutoli?

Popeza matenda a PKD ndi matenda obadwa nawo, vuto lalikulu lomwe lingakubweretsereni matendawa ndi mbiri ya banja lanu. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, kholo limodzi mwa makolo anu lili ndi matendawa (makamaka pankhani ya ADPKD) kapena makolo onse awiri ndi omwe ali ndi matendawa (pankhani ya ARPKD).

Kodi mavuto omwe angakhalepo chifukwa cha PKD ndi ati?

Matenda a PKD angayambitse mavuto aakulu azaumoyo mwa akuluakulu ndi makanda. Nthawi zina zomwe timaziona ngati zizindikiro za matenda a PKD zimatha kukhala zovuta. Mwachitsanzo:

• Miyala ya impso
• Kuthamanga kwa magazi
• Matenda a mkodzo (UTIs)

Kuphatikiza apo, matenda a PKD angayambitse mavuto ena akuluakulu, monga:

• Mitsempha yamagazi yophulika muubongo (yotchedwa ``Brain aneurysms'')
• Mavuto a m'matumbo akuluakulu, mwachitsanzo, diverticulitis, vuto lomwe matumba ang'onoang'ono amapangika m'matumbo akuluakulu ndipo amafalikira.
• Mavuto a valavu ya mtima
• Kulephera kwa impso
• Ma cysts a chiwindi ndi ma cysts a pancreatic
• Kuthamanga kwa magazi kwambiri panthawi ya mimba (kotchedwa "Preeclampsia")

Izi zitha kupha makanda omwe ali ndi ARPKD yoopsa. Mwezi woyamba wa moyo ndi wofunika kwambiri kwa makanda obadwa ndi ARPKD, chifukwa amatha kukhala ndi vuto lalikulu la kupuma komanso kulephera kwa impso panthawiyo.

Kodi matenda a PKD amapezedwa bwanji?

Dokotala wa matenda a impso (dokotala yemwe ndi katswiri wa matenda a impso) nthawi zambiri amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pozindikira ndi kuchiza matenda a impso. Iye adzayang'anitsitsa zizindikiro zanu ndi mbiri ya banja lanu, ndipo angafune kuti muyesedwe ndi zithunzi kuti muone impso zanu, monga:

• Ultrasound ya impso: Iyi ndiyo njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri komanso yopanda ululu.
• Kujambula kwa ultrasound kwa mwana wosabadwa: Izi zimathandiza kudziwa ngati mwana wosabadwayo ali ndi PKD.
• Kujambula kwa CT (computed tomography scan): Izi zingathandize kupereka zithunzi zomveka bwino za impso ndi chikhodzodzo.
• MRI (magnetic resonance imaging): Izi zimathandizanso kupeza zithunzi zatsatanetsatane za impso.

Kuphatikiza apo, dokotalayoKuyezetsa majini kungalimbikitsidwenso. Kuyezetsa kumeneku kungayang'ane kupezeka kwa jini yosinthika yomwe imayambitsa PKD m'magazi kapena m'malovu. Izi zingatsimikizirenso mtundu wa PKD womwe muli nawo.

Kodi mankhwala a PKD ndi ati?

Ndipotu, palibe mankhwala a matenda a PKD pakadali pano. Chithandizo makamaka cholinga chake ndi kuchepetsa kupitirira kwa matendawa, kuwongolera zizindikiro, komanso kupewa zovuta. Mankhwala akuluakulu a matenda a PKD ndi awa:

• Kusamalira kuthamanga kwa magazi: Kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi mdani wamkulu wa matenda a mtima. Choncho dokotala wanu adzakuthandizani kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi anu pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala, zakudya zabwino zokhala ndi mchere wochepa, komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Kusunga kuthamanga kwa magazi anu pamlingo wabwino kungathandize kuchepetsa chiopsezo chanu chokhala ndi matenda aakulu monga matenda a mtima ndi sitiroko.
• Chithandizo cha kupuma: Makanda omwe ali ndi ARPKD, omwe mapapu awo sanakule bwino, komanso omwe akuvutika kupuma angafunike kuthandizidwa ndi makina opumira mpweya .
• Kuyeretsa magazi: Ngati impso zanu zikulephera kugwira ntchito ndipo sizikugwiranso ntchito, mungafunike kuchita "Dialysis" (njira yoyeretsera magazi anu mwadala). Mu njira imeneyi, makina otchedwa "Hemodialysis" amasefa magazi anu kunja kwa thupi lanu. Mu "Peritoneal dialysis" amasefa magazi anu pogwiritsa ntchito madzi apadera ndi nembanemba yotchedwa peritoneum yomwe imaphimba mimba yanu.
• Chithandizo cha kukula: Makanda omwe ali ndi ARPKD omwe ndi onenepa pang'ono komanso omwe ali ndi vuto la kuchedwa kukula angafunike thandizo pakukula. Dokotala angakulimbikitseni chithandizo chapadera cha zakudya kapena mahomoni okulitsa thupi .
• Kuika impso: Ngati ADPKD yayamba kulephera kugwira ntchito , mungafunike kuikidwa impso . Kuika impso ndi njira yochitira opaleshoni yomwe impso yolephera imachotsedwa ndikusinthidwa ndi impso yathanzi kuchokera kwa wopereka.
• Kuchepetsa ululu: Mankhwala angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuchepetsa ululu woyambitsidwa ndi matenda, miyala ya impso, kapena ma cysts omwe amaphulika chifukwa cha PKD. Komabe, mankhwala aliwonse ochepetsa ululu omwe mumatenga ayenera kuvomerezedwa ndi dokotala wanu . Mankhwala ena ochepetsa ululu (makamaka NSAIDs) amatha kuwonjezera kuwonongeka kwa impso.

Kodi munthu amene ali ndi matenda a PKD amakhala ndi moyo wautali bwanji?

Mungamve mantha pang'ono mukamva izi, koma ndikofunikira kudziwa zoona zake.

Ngati anthu omwe ali ndi ADPKD alandira chithandizo choyenera, akulimbana ndi matendawa bwino, komanso atsatira moyo wathanzi,Mukhoza kukhala ndi moyo wautali komanso wodzaza. Pafupifupi theka la anthu omwe ali ndi ADPKD adzayamba kulephera kugwira ntchito ya impso akafika zaka 70 ndipo adzafunika dialysis kapena kuikidwa impso zina .

Koma chiyembekezo cha ana omwe ali ndi ARPKD sichili bwino kwenikweni. Pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a makanda obadwa ndi ARPKD, makamaka omwe ali ndi mavuto aakulu opumira, amamwalira ali akhanda. Makanda omwe amapulumuka nthawi zambiri amafunika chithandizo chamankhwala ndi chisamaliro chapadera m'miyoyo yawo yonse. Pafupifupi theka la ana omwe amapulumuka atatha kubadwa amakhala ndi vuto la impso pakati pa zaka 15 ndi 20.

Kodi matenda a PKD angapewedwe?

Mwatsoka, matenda a PKD ndi matenda obadwa nawo, kotero sangapewedwe kotheratu . Komabe, mwa kutsatira moyo wathanzi, kulamulira kuthamanga kwa magazi, ndi kutsatira malangizo a dokotala mosamala, mutha kuchepetsa kupitirira kwa matendawa kapena kuchedwetsa kukula kwa mavuto monga kulephera kwa impso.

Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a PKD omwe akukonzekera kukhala ndi ana alankhule ndi mlangizi wa majini kuti adziwe za chiopsezo cha ana awo chotengera matendawa komanso njira zomwe angatenge kuti apewe matendawa.

Kodi ndingachite chiyani kuti ndikhale ndi moyo wosavuta ndi matenda a PKD?

Kukhala ndi matenda a PKD kungakhale kovuta, koma mwa kutsatira moyo wathanzi komanso kudziwa za matendawa, mutha kupangitsa ulendo kukhala wosavuta. Nazi malangizo ena okuthandizani:

• Idyani zakudya zomwe sizimayambitsa impso . Izi ziyenera kuyang'ana kwambiri zakudya zomwe zili ndi mchere wochepa, potaziyamu, ndi phosphorous. Funsani dokotala wanu kapena katswiri wa zakudya kuti akuthandizeni pa izi.
• Chitani masewera olimbitsa thupi omwe angakukomereni, osachepera mphindi 30 patsiku, masiku ambiri a sabata.
• Khalani ndi thupi labwino.
• Yesani kuthamanga kwa magazi anu nthawi zonse ndipo muwayang'anire motsatira malangizo a dokotala wanu.
• Ngati mukusuta kapena kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zina za fodya, siyani nthawi yomweyo.
• Pewani kumwa mowa kwambiri momwe mungathere.
• Pezani njira zochepetsera nkhawa. Zinthu monga kusinkhasinkha ndi yoga zingathandize.
• Imwani madzi ambiri ndi zakumwa zopanda caffeine (tiyi wochepa, khofi) tsiku lonse. Komabe, ngati mukufuna kuchepetsa kumwa madzi pa nthawi iliyonse ya matenda a impso, tsatirani malangizo a dokotala wanu.
• Gonani bwino kwa maola osachepera asanu ndi awiri usiku uliwonse.
• Imwani mankhwala onse omwe dokotala wanu wakupatsani molondola, panthawi yake, komanso mu mlingo womwe mwapatsidwa. Musasiye kumwa mankhwala aliwonse popanda upangiri wa dokotala.

Kodi muyenera kupita kwa dokotala liti pankhani ya matenda a PKD?

Ngati muli ndi matenda a PKD, muyenera kukhala kale pansi pa utsogoleri wa dokotala. Komabe, ngati mwadzidzidzi mupeza zizindikiro izi , pitani kuchipatala kapena pitani kuchipatala nthawi yomweyo :

• Ngati miyendo yanu, akakolo, kapena mapazi anu atupa mwadzidzidzi (izi zimatchedwa kutupa)
• Ngati muli ndi ululu waukulu pachifuwa kapena mukumva kupsinjika pachifuwa chanu
• Ngati mukuvutika kupuma mwadzidzidzi
• Ngati simungathe kukodza
• Ngati pali kutuluka magazi ambiri mu mkodzo
• Ngati mutu wanu ukupweteka kwambiri kapena maso anu akusintha

Ndi mafunso ati omwe ndiyenera kufunsa dokotala wanga?

Ndizachibadwa kukhala ndi mafunso ambiri okhudza matendawa. Musaope kufunsa dokotala wanu mafunso monga:

• Kodi ndili ndi mtundu wanji wa PKD? (ADPKD kapena ARPKD?)
• Kodi chiopsezo cha ana anga chotengera matendawa kwa ine n'chiyani?
• Kodi ndikufunika kuchita mayeso ena apadera?
• Ndi njira iti yothandizira yomwe ndi yabwino kwa ine?
• Ndi kusintha kotani komwe ndiyenera kusintha pa zakudya zanga, makamaka pankhani ya mchere, potaziyamu, ndi phosphorous?
• Kodi ndikufunika kusintha moyo wanga (kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kugona, ndi zina zotero)?
• Kodi ndingafunike dialysis kapena kuikidwa impso mtsogolo?
• Ndi zotsatirapo kapena mavuto ati omwe ndiyenera kusamala nawo makamaka?
• Kodi zotsatirapo zake za mankhwala omwe ndimamwa ndi ziti?

Pomaliza, zomwe muyenera kukumbukira (Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba)

Tsopano mukudziwa kuti Matenda a Impso a Polycystic (PKD) ndi matenda omwe amabwera chifukwa cha majini omwe amachititsa kuti ma cysts apangidwe mu impso. Ma cysts amenewa angayambitse kuti impso zikule ndikusokoneza ntchito yawo. Nthawi zambiri amakhudza akuluakulu, koma nthawi zambiri, mtundu woopsa wa PKD ungachitike mwa makanda.

Ngakhale kuti palibe mankhwala a matenda a PKD, musadandaule. Mukasamalira bwino zizindikiro zanu, kutsatira malangizo a dokotala wanu, komanso kukhala ndi moyo wathanzi, mutha kukhala bwino ndi matendawa. Chofunika kwambiri ndikugwira ntchito limodzi ndi dokotala wanu ndikupeza mayeso ndi chithandizo chomwe mukufuna. Simuli nokha, ndipo pali madokotala, abale, ndi anzanu omwe angakuthandizeni paulendowu.

Matenda a Impso a Polycystic, PKD, matenda a impso, ma cysts a impso, matenda a majini, ADPKD, ARPKD