Kupuma ndi kupuma ndi zinthu zosavuta komanso zachilengedwe zomwe zimatichitikira. Koma nthawi zina timavutika ndi zinthu monga chifuwa chosatha, kupuma movutikira, komanso kulimba pachifuwa. Izi zitha kukhala zizindikiro za matenda osowa a m'mapapo omwe ndi oopsa kwambiri kuposa chimfine wamba, koma anthu ambiri sanamvepo. Izi sizimakambidwa kawirikawiri. Chifukwa chake, lero tikulankhula za matenda osowa a m'mapapo omwe tiyenera kudziwa.
Kodi matenda osowa kwambiri a m'mapapo ndi ati?
Mwachidule, matenda osowa m'mapapo ndi matenda aakulu komanso osatha omwe amakhudza anthu ochepa kwambiri. Mapapo ndiye chiwalo chachikulu cha dongosolo lathu lopumira. Tikamapuma, mpweya womwe uli mumlengalenga umawonjezeredwa m'magazi ndipo mpweya wa carbon dioxide womwe uli m'magazi umabwereranso m'mapapo. Chifukwa chake, matenda osowa awa amasokoneza njira yofunikayi m'mapapo.
Madokotala apeza matenda ambiri osowa m'mapapo. Matendawa nthawi zambiri amakula pakapita nthawi. Ena amatha kukhala oopsa. Chomvetsa chisoni n'chakuti palibe mankhwala a matenda ambiriwa. Komabe, pali mankhwala omwe angachepetse zizindikiro ndikuchepetsa kukula kwa matendawa. Anthu ena angafunike kuikidwa mapapo ngati njira yomaliza.
Kodi matenda ofala kwambiri a m'mapapo ndi ati?
Pali mitundu yambiri ya matenda osowa omwe amakhudza mapapo. Tiyeni tiwone ena mwa iwo mwatsatanetsatane patebulo. Izi zikuthandizani kumvetsetsa bwino matenda awa.
| Dzina la Matenda | Mwachidule, izi ndi zomwe zimachitika. | Njira zochizira |
|---|---|---|
| Kusowa kwa Alpha-1 Antitrypsin (AATD) | Kuchepa kwa AAT, puloteni yopangidwa ndi chiwindi, m'magazi. Izi zimawonjezera chiopsezo chodwala matenda a m'mapapo ndi chiwindi (monga COPD, cirrhosis). | Chithandizo chowonjezera, mankhwala, chithandizo cha okosijeni, kukonzanso mapapo, kuyika mapapo. |
| Matenda a Cystic Fibrosis (CF) | Uwu ndi matenda obadwa nawo. Mafinya okhuthala komanso omata amasonkhana m'ziwalo monga mapapo ndi kapamba. | Mankhwala ochepetsa kutsekeka kwa mpweya m'mapapo, maantibayotiki, mankhwala oletsa kutupa, ndi kusamutsa mapapo. |
| Kuthamanga kwa Magazi kwa Mitsempha ya M'mapapo (PAH) | Mitsempha yamagazi (mitsempha) m'mapapo imakhuthala ndi kupapatiza, zomwe zimalepheretsa kuyenda kwa magazi ndikuwonjezera kuthamanga kwa magazi m'mapapo. | Chithandizo chimasiyana malinga ndi chomwe chayambitsa vutoli. Chithandizo cha mankhwala ndicho chofunikira kwambiri. |
| Matenda a m'mapapo a m'kati mwa mtima - Gulu la matenda omwe amawononga minofu ya m'mapapo | ||
| Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) | Chifukwa chenicheni sichikudziwika. Minofu ya mapapo imakhuthala, kuuma, ndipo zipsera zimachitika. | Mankhwala oletsa kufalikira kwa matendawa, chithandizo cha okosijeni, ndi kuyika mapapo ena. |
| Kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ya chibayo (HP) | Matenda a chifuwa omwe amayamba chifukwa chopuma zinthu zomwe zili m'chilengedwe (nkhungu, mabakiteriya, mankhwala) angayambitse kutupa ndi zipsera m'mapapo. | Corticosteroids, mankhwala oletsa chitetezo chamthupi, ndi mankhwala okosijeni. |
| Sarcoidosis | Matumbo ang'onoang'ono (granulomas) amapangika m'mapapo. Chifukwa chenicheni sichikudziwika bwino. | Mankhwala a Corticosteroids, mankhwala oletsa khansa, mankhwala a malungo. |
N’chifukwa chiyani zimenezi zimatchedwanso matenda a m’mapapo “amasiye”?
Ngakhale kuti dzinali ndi lachilendo pang'ono, pali nkhani yaikulu kumbuyo kwake. Matendawa amatchedwanso "Matenda a Mapafu a Ana Amasiye". Chifukwa cha izi ndikuti anthu omwe ali ndi matendawa amamva ngati "ali okha" m'dziko lachipatala. Tangoganizani, chifukwa matenda awa ndi osowa kwambiri, zimakhala zovuta kupeza madokotala omwe angawazindikire ndikuwathandiza molondola. Komanso, palibe kafukufuku wochuluka wochitidwa pa izi. Chifukwa chake, odwala awa ndi mabanja awo akusowa chochita.
Kodi n’chiyani chimayambitsa matenda osowa a m’mapapo amenewa?
Palibe chifukwa chimodzi chokha cha matendawa. Pali zinthu zambiri zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa.
- Zifukwa za majini: Matenda ena, monga cystic fibrosis, amapatsirana kuchokera kwa makolo kupita kwa ana kudzera m'majini. Vutoli likhoza kukhalapo pakubadwa.
- Zinthu zachilengedwe: Izi zingayambitsidwenso ndi zinthu zomwe zili mumlengalenga zomwe timapuma. Mwachitsanzo, kupuma kwa asbestos kwa nthawi yayitali, fumbi la malasha, ndowe za mbalame, nkhungu, utsi wa ndudu, kapena mankhwala ena.
- Matenda: Matenda ena a bakiteriya, mavairasi, kapena bowa angayambitsenso izi.
- Matenda ena: Matenda a autoimmune, momwe chitetezo cha mthupi chimaukira thupi lake, angayambitsenso kuwonongeka kwa mapapo. Mwachitsanzo, nyamakazi ya rheumatoid ndi lupus.
- Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda osadziwika (Idiopathic): Matenda ena, monga idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), ndi oopsa kwambiri moti madokotala sakudziwabe chifukwa chake matendawa amachitika.
Chofunika kwambiri ndichakuti matenda amenewa si opatsirana. Izi zikutanthauza kuti sangapatsiridwe kuchokera kwa wodwala wina kupita kwa wina.
Kodi zizindikiro zofala za matenda amenewa ndi ziti?
Ngakhale zizindikiro zimasiyana malinga ndi matendawa, matenda ambiri osowa m'mapapowa ali ndi zizindikiro zina zofanana. Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro izi, ndikofunikira kuda nkhawa.
- Chifuwa chosalekeza: Chifuwa chouma kapena chotupa chomwe chimakhala kwa milungu kapena miyezi.
- Kupuma movutikira (dyspnea): Kupuma movutikira, makamaka pochita masewera olimbitsa thupi, poyenda, kapena pokwera masitepe. Pakapita nthawi, kupuma movutikira kungachitikenso mukangoyima.
- Kupweteka pachifuwa: Kulimba kapena kupweteka pachifuwa kosalekeza.
- Phokoso lachilendo popuma: Phokoso la "chirchir" kapena lolira mluzu lochokera pachifuwa (kupuma movutikira).
- Matenda a pachifuwa omwe amafala pafupipafupi: Ngati muli ndi matenda ofala monga bronchitis kapena chibayo.
- Kutopa: Kumva kutopa kwambiri popanda chifukwa.
- Kuchepetsa thupi:Kuchepetsa thupi popanda kuyesa kuchepetsa thupi.
Si aliyense amene ali ndi zizindikiro zimenezi amene ali ndi matenda osowa kwambiri m'mapapo. Komabe, ngati zizindikirozi zikupitirira, ndikofunika kuonana ndi dokotala kuti akupatseni upangiri.
Kodi matenda amenewa amapezeka bwanji?
Mukapita kwa dokotala, adzakufunsani mafunso ambiri okhudza zizindikiro zanu, ngati pali aliyense m'banja mwanu amene ali ndi matendawa, komanso malo anu ogwirira ntchito. Kenako angakufunseni kuti akuyeseni kangapo kuti adziwe matendawa.
| Dzina la mayeso | Mumachita chiyani ndi izi? |
|---|---|
| Mayeso a Magazi | Yang'anani matenda ena ndipo yang'anani zomwe zimayambitsa majini. |
| Mayeso Ojambula | Kujambula pachifuwa pa X-ray kapena CT scan kumachitika kuti aone ngati pali zipsera kapena matenda ena m'mapapo. |
| Mayeso a Ntchito ya M'mapapo | Imayesa momwe mapapu anu amatha kupumira bwino mkati ndi kunja. |
| Bronchoscopy | Chubu chopyapyala chokhala ndi kamera chimadutsa munjira yolowera mpweya kuti chiyang'ane mkati mwa mapapo. Nthawi zina chidutswa cha minofu (biopsy) chingatengedwenso kuti chikaunikidwe. |
| Kufufuza kwa Mapapo | Matendawa amadziwidwa molondola mwa opaleshoni kuchotsa minofu yaying'ono m'mapapo ndikuiyang'ana pogwiritsa ntchito maikulosikopu. |
Ngati zizindikiro zanu zikupitirira, ndi bwino kuonana ndi dokotala wa mapapo kuwonjezera pa dokotala wanu wamkulu.
Kodi mungachiritse bwanji ndikuwongolera?
Monga tanenera kale, palibe mankhwala athunthu a matenda ambiriwa. Komabe, pali njira zambiri zothandizira zomwe zingathandize kuchepetsa zizindikiro, kuchepetsa kupitirira kwa matendawa, komanso kupangitsa moyo kukhala wosavuta.
Njira zochiritsira zimasiyana malinga ndi wodwala aliyense komanso malinga ndi matenda osiyanasiyana.
- Mankhwala: Mankhwala osiyanasiyana amagwiritsidwa ntchito, monga corticosteroids omwe amachepetsa kutupa, mankhwala oletsa chitetezo cha mthupi, ndi maantibayotiki.
- Chithandizo cha Oxygen: Kwa anthu omwe ali ndi mpweya wochepa m'magazi, mpweya wowonjezera umaperekedwa kudzera mu chubu cha m'mphuno kapena pakamwa. Izi zimachepetsa kupuma movutikira ndikukweza moyo wabwino.
- Kubwezeretsa M'mapapo: Iyi ndi pulogalamu yapadera yomwe imaphatikizapo kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kudya zakudya zoyenera, kuphunzitsa za matendawa, ndi uphungu. Izi zimawonjezera mphamvu zakuthupi ndi zamaganizo za wodwalayo.
- Kusamutsa mapapo: Iyi ingakhale njira yokhayo kwa odwala omwe ali mu vuto lalikulu omwe sangathe kulamulidwa ndi chithandizo china chilichonse.
Kodi ndingapewe matenda amenewa?
Sitingathe kupewa matenda obadwa nawo. Komabe, pali zinthu zomwe tingachite kuti tichepetse chiopsezo cha matenda ena:
- Pewani kusuta fodya kotheratu.
- Ngati mukugwira ntchito pamalo pomwe pali zinthu zoopsa monga mankhwala kapena fumbi, valani chopumira choyenera .
Ngati wina m'banja mwanu ali ndi matenda a mapapo okhudzana ndi majini, lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za kupeza uphungu wa majini musanayambe kukhala ndi ana.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Matenda osowa kwambiri m'mapapo ndi matenda aakulu, omwe amatha kuipiraipira pakapita nthawi.
- Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro monga chifuwa chosatha, kupuma movutikira, kapena kupweteka pachifuwa, musanyalanyaze ndipo pitani kwa dokotala. Matendawa akapezeka msanga, chithandizocho chidzakhala chopambana.
- Ngakhale kuti palibe mankhwala okwanira a matenda ambiriwa, pali mankhwala omwe angathandize kuchepetsa zizindikiro, kupangitsa moyo kukhala wosavuta, komanso kukulitsa nthawi ya moyo.
- Ngati inu kapena munthu amene muli naye pafupi ali ndi vutoli, musataye mtima. Ndi chithandizo choyenera chamankhwala ndi chithandizo, mutha kukhala ndi moyo wabwino.
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