Kodi muli ndi chitsulo chochuluka m'thupi lanu, koma simukumva bwino? Kodi kungakhale kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi?

Kodi nthawi zambiri mumamva kutopa komanso kupuma movutikira? Kodi nthawi zina mumamva ngati muli ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi kochepa? Izi zitha kukhala zizindikiro za kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi. Komabe, nthawi zina pakhoza kukhala chifukwa chovuta kwambiri. Lero tikambirana za matenda a magazi omwe ndi osowa pang'ono, koma ofunikira kudziwa. Umenewo ndi sideroblastic anemia, kapena monga momwe madokotala amatchulira `(Sideroblastic Anemia - SA)`.

Ndiye kodi Sideroblastic Anemia ndi chiyani?

Mwachidule, iyi ndi vuto losowa lomwe limakhudza momwe matupi athu amapangira maselo ofiira a magazi, maselo ofiira m'magazi athu. Ngati muli ndi vutoli, muli ndi maselo ofiira ochepa a magazi, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti muli ndi magazi ochepa m'thupi. Koma nthawi yomweyo, modabwitsa, mulinso ndi chitsulo chochuluka. Nchifukwa chiyani izi zikuchitika? Chifukwa thupi lanu silikugwiritsa ntchito chitsulocho, limafunika kuti lipange maselo ofiira a magazi moyenera.

Ndani amene akukhudzidwa kwambiri ndi vutoli?

Matendawa otchedwa `(Sideroblastic Anemia)` angachitike m'njira ziwiri. Choyamba ndi congenital sideroblastic anemia kapena CSA . Izi zikutanthauza kuti, ana ena amabadwa ndi matendawa. Chinanso ndi acquired sideroblastic anemia . Uwu ndi mtundu wofala kwambiri. Ungayambitsidwe ndi matenda ena okhudzana ndi magazi, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ena, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri mchere winawake.

Tangoganizirani, makanda ndi ana aang'ono omwe amabadwa ndi vutoli nthawi zina amatha kukhala ndi mavuto azaumoyo omwe angawopseze moyo chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ayodini m'thupi lawo, komwe kumadziwika kuti "kuchuluka kwa ayodini." Ngati akuluakulu atadwala matendawa, amatha kukhala ndi matenda monga matenda a mtima ndi matenda a chiwindi.

Pali nkhani yabwino! Ngakhale kuti madokotala sangathe kuchiritsa kwathunthu matenda obadwa nawo (Sideroblastic Anemia), pali mankhwala omwe angathe kuwongolera zizindikiro ndikupewa mavuto aakulu. Komabe, mitundu ina ya `(Sideroblastic Anemia)` yomwe imayamba mtsogolo imatha kuchiritsidwa.

Matendawa, omwe ndi mtundu womwe umapezeka pobadwa, amatha kukhudza makanda, ana aang'ono, komanso akuluakulu. Nthawi zina zizindikiro za CSA zimakhala zochepa kwambiri. Choncho ngakhale mutabadwa nazo, anthu ena sangakhale ndi mavuto aakulu azaumoyo mpaka atakula.

Mtundu wotsatira, wotchedwa ``Acquired CSA,'' nthawi zambiri umapezeka mwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la magazi lotchedwa ``myelodysplastic syndrome.'' Ikhozanso kuchitika chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito mchere monga lead ndi zinc, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ena, kapena chilichonse chomwe chimakhudza luso la thupi logwiritsa ntchito mkuwa.

Kodi vutoli limakhudza bwanji thupi langa?

Anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi nthawi zambiri amasonyeza zizindikiro za kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi. Izi zikutanthauza kuti amamva kutopa kwambiri popanda chifukwa.Kumva kutopa, kuvutika kupuma, ndi zina zotero. Sikuti amangokhalira kukhala ndi "macrocytic anemia" (maselo ofiira amagazi akuluakulu kuposa abwinobwino) ndi "microcytic anemia" (maselo ofiira amagazi ang'onoang'ono kuposa abwinobwino). Mitundu yonse iwiri ya kuchepa kwa magazi ingakhalenso zizindikiro za mitundu ina ya kuchepa kwa magazi.

Kodi ndi zifukwa ziti zomwe zimayambitsa kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi la sideroblastic?

Monga tafotokozera kale, izi zitha kukhala zobadwa nazo, kapena zitha kuchitika pambuyo pake chifukwa cha matenda ena, kukhudzana ndi zitsulo zina, mchere, kapena mankhwala.

Kuti timvetse zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a congenital sideroblastic anemia (congenital SA), ndikofunikira kudziwa pang'ono za momwe maselo ofiira amagazi athu amagwirira ntchito.

Chidule chachifupi cha maselo ofiira a magazi

Maselo ofiira a m'magazi ndi mtundu wofala kwambiri wa maselo m'magazi mwathu. Maselo ofiira athanzi komanso okhwima ndi ofunikira kuti anyamule mpweya kupita ku minofu ya thupi lathu. Maselo ofiira a m'magazi amachita izi mothandizidwa ndi puloteni yotchedwa hemoglobin. Hemoglobin ndi yomwe imapatsa maselo ofiira a m'magazi mtundu wawo wofiira.

Maselo ofiira a m'magazi amafunika chitsulo kuti apange hemoglobin. Nthawi zambiri, mafuta athu a m'mafupa amapanga maselo oyambira. Maselo oyambira awa pambuyo pake amasanduka maselo ofiira a m'magazi osakhwima otchedwa erythrocytes. Maselo osakhwima awa ali ndi hemoglobin ndi chitsulo chokwanira chomwe chikufunika kuti apange maselo ofiira athanzi komanso okhwima.

Koma, ngati muli ndi vuto la kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi (sideroblastic anemia), thupi lanu silingagwiritse ntchito chitsulo ichi. Izi zimayambitsa mavuto awiri. Popanda chitsulo, maselo ofiira a m'magazi anu sapanga hemoglobin yokwanira kunyamula mpweya m'thupi lanu lonse. Kumbali ina, chitsulo chosagwiritsidwa ntchito chimasonkhana m'mafupa anu. Izi zimayambitsa mtundu wa selo losazolowereka lotchedwa ringed sideroblast . Sideroblast ndi selo lofiira la m'magazi lomwe silikula bwino lomwe lili ndi mphete yachitsulo kuzungulira nucleus yake. Madokotala amatha kuwona mphete izi akamayang'ana maselo oyambira mu fupa la m'mafupa pogwiritsa ntchito maikulosikopu. Sideroblastic anemia imachokera ku mphete zachitsulo izi. Mphete zachitsulo izi zimasonyeza kuti maselo akusunga chitsulo m'malo mochigwiritsa ntchito. Kuchuluka kwa chitsulo kumeneku kumatchedwa iron overload . Kuchuluka kwa chitsulo kumeneku kumayambitsa mavuto ambiri azaumoyo omwe angachitike chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi la m'magazi.

Kodi mitundu ya Congenital Sideroblastic Anemia (CSA) ndi iti?

Pali mitundu itatu ya majeremusi obadwa nawo a SA. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kusintha kwa majini ena komwe kumakhudza ntchito ya maselo ofiira a magazi. Tiyeni tiwone zomwe zili:

• Kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi komwe kumalumikizidwa ndi X:Uwu ndi mtundu wofala kwambiri wa kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi. Umayambitsidwa ndi kusintha kwa majini komwe kumapanga enzyme inayake yotchedwa ``ALAS2``, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti hemoglobin isakwane. Anthu omwe ali ndi vutoli amakhala ndi maselo ofiira ang'onoang'ono otumbululuka kuposa abwinobwino (microcytic). Amakhalanso ndi chitsulo chochuluka m'thupi lawo.
• Matenda a magazi otchedwa Autosomal recessive sideroblastic anemia (ARCSA): Uwu ndi mtundu wachiwiri wofala kwambiri. ARCSA imakhudza makanda ndi ana aang'ono kwambiri. Ndi matenda oopsa omwe nthawi zina amatha kupha anthu. Amayamba pamene kuchuluka kwa chitsulo m'magazi kwakwera kwambiri.
• Amayi: Pafupifupi 20% ya odwala onse a CSA ali mgululi. Izi zili choncho chifukwa jini ya MT-ATP6 imasinthasintha, zomwe zimakhudza ntchito ya mitochondria yanu. (Mitochondria ndi ma organelles mkati mwa maselo athu. Ndiwo omwe amachititsa kuti maselo apeze mphamvu. Mitochondria imasintha mphamvu kuchokera ku chakudya kukhala mawonekedwe omwe maselo angagwiritse ntchito.)

Kodi ndi mitundu iti ya matenda a magazi omwe amapezeka m'thupi omwe amayamba pambuyo pake?

Pali mitundu iwiri ya sideroblastic anemia yomwe imayamba kukula m'moyo - yoyamba ndi yachiwiri. Primary SA imatanthauza SA yokhudzana ndi vuto lotchedwa myelodysplastic syndrome. Secondary SA imatanthauza SA yomwe ingayambe mutakumana ndi zitsulo, mankhwala, ndi mankhwala enaake. Zinthu zomwe zingayambitse secondary sideroblastic anemia ndi izi:

• Mowa: Kusagwiritsa ntchito mowa mopitirira muyeso ndiye chifukwa chachikulu cha kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi pambuyo pake.
• Kupha poizoni wa zitsulo zolemera: Izi zikuphatikizapo poizoni wa lead ndi poizoni wa arsenic.
• Kusowa kwa Vitamini B: Vitamini B imathandiza kupanga heme, yomwe imasandulika hemoglobin. Heme ndi yomwe imathandiza kunyamula mpweya.
• Kusowa kwa mkuwa: Mkuwa umathandiza kupanga enzyme yomwe imateteza ku chitsulo chochuluka.
• Kuchuluka kwa zinc: Kumwa zinc yambiri kungakhudze momwe thupi limagwiritsira ntchito chitsulo komanso kuyamwa mkuwa. Anthu ena amamwa zowonjezera zinc ndipo izi zimatha kuchitika.
• Mankhwala: Mankhwala ena opha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, mankhwala a chemotherapy, mahomoni, ndi mankhwala ochepetsa mkuwa angayambitse kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi kwa sideroblastic. Madokotala amachiritsa mtundu uwu wa SA poyesa mankhwala omwe mukumwa ndikuchotsa mankhwala omwe akuganiziridwa kuti akuyambitsa SA.

Kodi zizindikiro za kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi la sideroblastic ndi ziti?

Monga mitundu yambiri ya kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi, zizindikiro za kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi la sideroblastic ndi izi:

• Kutopa kwambiri:Izi zikutanthauza kumva kutopa kwambiri moti simungathe kuchita ntchito za tsiku ndi tsiku.
• Kupuma movutikira: Uku ndi kumva ngati munthu akupuma movutikira kapena akuvutika kupuma.
• Kugunda kwa mtima: Uku ndi kumva kuti mtima ukugunda mofulumira kwambiri, kapena mwanjira ina yosazolowereka.
• Mutu.

Anthu omwe ali ndi X-linked sideroblastic anemia amatha kukhala ndi zizindikiro zina chifukwa cha hemoglobin yosakwanira komanso kuchuluka kwa chitsulo m'thupi. Zizindikiro izi zikuphatikizapo:

• Chiwindi chachikulu: Chiwindi chanu chimagwira ntchito zambiri zofunika m'thupi.
• Tchire lalikulu: Tchire lanu ndi chiwalo chofanana ndi chibakera chopindika chomwe chili m'mimba ya pamwamba. Simungazindikire kuti tchire lanu ndi lalikulu kuposa masiku onse, kapena mungamve kupweteka pang'ono m'mimba mwanu ya pamwamba.
• Khungu lofiirira: Ngati thupi lanu limasunga chitsulo chochuluka, khungu lanu likhoza kukhala lofiirira ngati bronze.
• Matenda a shuga osalamulirika.

Kodi madokotala amazindikira bwanji kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi (sideroblastic anemia)?

Popeza sideroblastic anemia ingakhalepo pobadwa kapena kukulirakulira pambuyo pake, dokotala wanu adzakuyesani kaye kuti atsimikizire kapena kutsutsa acquired sideroblastic anemia. Ngati asankha kuti si acquired sideroblastic anemia, adzachita mayeso ambiri kuti adziwe mtundu wa congenital sideroblastic anemia yomwe muli nayo. Nazi zina mwa mayeso omwe angachite:

• Kuchuluka kwa magazi (CBC): Zotsatira za `(CBC)` zimasonyeza kukula ndi mawonekedwe a maselo m'magazi mwanu, kuchuluka kwa maselo atsopano a magazi omwe thupi lanu limapanga, ndipo, pankhani ya `(SA)`, kuchuluka kwa maselo ofiira amagazi okhwima komanso osakhwima omwe muli nawo.
• Kuyeza magazi m'magazi: Iyi ndi njira yomwe madokotala amagwiritsa ntchito poyesa maselo amagazi. Ngakhale kuti mayeso ena amagazi amagwiritsa ntchito makina kuwayesa, pankhaniyi, madokotala amayesa maselo amagazi pogwiritsa ntchito maikulosikopu.
• Kuphunzira za chitsulo: Kuyesaku kukuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa chitsulo chomwe muli nacho.
• Kutulutsa mafuta m'mafupa: Iyi ndi njira yotengera chitsanzo cha madzi omwe ali mu mafuta m'mafupa anu.
• Kufufuza za mafupa: Mu mayeso awa, madokotala amatenga chitsanzo cha mafupa anu ndikuwunika maselo a mafupa.
• Kuyesa majini:Kuyezetsa majini kungathandize kutsimikizira kapena kuchotsa matenda enaake a majini. Kungakuthandizeninso kumvetsetsa kuthekera kopatsira matendawa kwa ana anu.

Kodi madokotala amachizira bwanji kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi chifukwa cha sideroblastic anemia?

Madokotala amagwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana zochizira matenda a magazi obadwa nawo komanso omwe amapezeka m'thupi. Mankhwalawa amasiyana malinga ndi vuto lanu, kotero dokotala wanu adzakambirana za chithandizo chabwino kwambiri kwa inu. Mwachitsanzo, munthu amene ali ndi X-linked SA (CSA) angapatsidwe mankhwala a vitamini B6 ndi ochepetsa chitsulo. Ngati SA imayamba chifukwa cha poizoni wa lead, dokotala wanu adzachiza poizoni wa lead. Ndi bwino kulankhula ndi dokotala wanu za izi.

Kodi ndingapewe bwanji izi?

Matenda a magazi m'thupi nthawi zambiri amayamba chifukwa cha kusintha kwa majini. Ngakhale kuti mtundu uwu wa matenda a magazi m'thupi la munthu sangapeweke, ukhoza kuchiritsidwa. Ngati muli ndi X-linked `(CSA)` ndipo zizindikiro zanu ndi zochepa, kapena ngati wina m'banja mwanu (makolo, abale, kapena ana) ali ndi `(CSA)`, ndi bwino kufunsa dokotala wanu za kuyezetsa majini.

Komabe, pali zinthu zomwe mungachite kuti mupewe kukulitsa mitundu ina ya CSA yomwe yapezeka. Njira izi zikuphatikizapo:

• Kupewa poizoni wa lead kapena arsenic mwangozi.
• Ngati mukumwa mankhwala owonjezera a zinc pa zinthu monga chimfine, funsani dokotala wanu za mlingo woyenera.
• Chepetsani kumwa mowa. Kumwa mowa mopitirira muyeso kungayambitse kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi. Yesetsani kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mowa womwe mumamwa tsiku lililonse. Ngati mukufuna thandizo, funsani dokotala wanu kuti akupatseni malangizo oyenera.

Kodi ndingayembekezere chiyani ndi vutoli?

Kuyembekezeka kwanu kudzadalira mtundu wa sideroblastic anemia yomwe muli nayo. Mwachitsanzo, ngati muli ndi X-linked congenital sideroblastic anemia, dokotala wanu akhoza kuchiza vuto lanu ndi vitamini B6 ndi mankhwala ochepetsa iron. Ngati mwadwala sideroblastic anemia, yomwe imayamba chifukwa cha poizoni wa lead, dokotala wanu akhoza kuchiza poizoni wa lead.

Kodi ndimadzisamalira bwanji?

Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi vuto la kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi (sideroblastic anemia) amafunika kuyang'aniridwa pafupipafupi kuti asachulukitse kuchuluka kwa magazi m'thupi. Ngati mwakhala ndi vuto la kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi (sideroblastic anemia) m'mbuyomu, funsani dokotala wanu zomwe mungachite kuti mupewe matenda atsopano a SA.

Kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi (Sideroblastic anemia) ndi matenda osowa magazi. Anthu ena amadziwa chifukwa chake ali ndi sideroblastic anemia, koma ena sadziwa. Ngati muli ndi sideroblastic anemia, mungafune kufunsa dokotala wanu mafunso awa:

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* Ndi mtundu wanji wa `(SA)` womwe ndili nawo?

* N’chifukwa chiyani ndinalandira `(SA)`?

* Kodi njira zanga zochiritsira ndi ziti?

* Kodi zotsatirapo zake ndi ziti?

* Kodi ndingayembekezere chiyani nditalandira chithandizo?

* Kodi ndingapereke `(SA)` kwa ana anga?

Ndiye, ndi zinthu ziti zofunika kwambiri zomwe tiyenera kukumbukira kuchokera munkhaniyi?

Matenda a magazi otchedwa Sideroblastic anemia ndi matenda osowa koma omwe angakhale oopsa m'magazi. Matenda a SA amayamba chifukwa cha chinthu chomwe chimasokoneza mphamvu ya thupi yopanga maselo ofiira athanzi. Anthu omwe ali ndi SA nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi iron yambiri m'magazi mwawo. Nthawi zambiri, iron yambiri imachiritsidwa mosavuta. Komabe, mwa makanda ndi ana aang'ono obadwa ndi SA, iron yambiri ingayambitse matenda oopsa.

Tangoganizirani, ngati mwana wanu wabadwa ndi vuto la kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi (sideroblastic anemia), madokotala awo angayambe kuchiza vutoli nthawi yomweyo. Kukhala ndi mwana wodwala kwambiri kapena mwana wakhanda kungakhale koopsa komanso kolemetsa. Madokotala anu akumvetsa izi ndipo adzachita zonse zomwe angathe kuti akuthandizeni inu ndi mwana wanu panthawi ya chithandizo komanso pambuyo pake. Chifukwa chake, ngati inu kapena wina m'banja mwanu muli ndi zizindikiro izi, ndikofunikira kuwona dokotala nthawi yomweyo kuti akupatseni upangiri.

Iron , kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi, sideroblasts, mafuta am'mafupa, hemoglobin, majini, matenda a magazi