Tikamva za khansa ya m'mawere, timadabwa kwambiri. Ndipo tikamva kuti ndi gawo lachinayi, ndiko kuti, khansa yafalikira ku ziwalo zina za thupi, zimakhala zoopsa kwambiri komanso zolemetsa. Izi ndi zovuta kwambiri. Koma ndi sayansi yapamwamba ya zamankhwala iyi, pali njira zambiri zochiritsira zomwe zingachitike pagawoli, zomwe zingathandize kuwongolera matendawa ndikuwonjezera moyo. Tiyeni tikambirane za izi lero, kuti tipeze mayankho osavuta a mafunso omwe muli nawo m'maganizo.
Kodi Gawo Lachinayi ndi chiyani kwenikweni?
Mwachidule, gawo lachinayi limatanthauza kuti maselo a khansa omwe adayamba m'mawere afalikira kudzera m'magazi kapena m'mitsempha ya lymph kupita ku ziwalo zina za thupi. Kufalikira kumeneku kumatchedwa `Metastasis`. Malo ofala kwambiri omwe khansa ingafalikire motere ndi mafupa, ubongo, mapapo, kapena chiwindi .
Chofunika kumvetsetsa apa ndichakuti cholinga chachikulu cha chithandizo pa nthawiyi si kuchiza matendawa kwathunthu, koma kuwongolera kukula kwa khansa, kuchepetsa zizindikiro, ndikukupatsani moyo wabwino kwa nthawi yayitali momwe mungathere. Odwala ena amakhala ndi chithandizochi kwa zaka zambiri. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuti musachite mantha mukamva za kuthekera kumeneku, koma kambiranani mosamala ndi dokotala wanu za njira zochiritsira zomwe zilipo.
Kodi mankhwala akuluakulu omwe alipo ndi ati?
Mu gawo lachinayi, chifukwa khansa yafalikira m'malo osiyanasiyana, zimakhala zovuta kupeza zotsatira zabwino ndi chithandizo chomwe chimayang'ana malo amodzi okha, monga opaleshoni kapena chithandizo cha radiation. Chifukwa chake, chithandizo chamthupi chomwe chimakhudza thupi lonse ndi chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.
Mankhwala a Chemotherapy
Mankhwala a chemotherapy nthawi zambiri ndiye mankhwala akuluakulu pa sitejiyi. Amagwira ntchito popha maselo a khansa omwe amagawanitsa mofulumira. Izi zitha kuchepetsa kukula kwa khansa. Mankhwala a chemotherapy amaperekedwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Nthawi zina amaperekedwa ngati mapiritsi, koma nthawi zambiri amaperekedwa kudzera m'mitsempha (kudzera m'mitsempha) .
Mankhwalawa saperekedwa nthawi zonse. Nthawi zambiri amaperekedwa m'njira zingapo. Pambuyo pa nthawi imodzi, thupi limapatsidwa nthawi yochepa yopumula kuti libwererenso. Kenako nthawi yotsatira imayamba.
Chithandizo cha Mahomoni
Mankhwalawa si oyenera aliyense. Ndi othandiza kwambiri kwa akazi omwe ali ndi khansa yotchedwa hormone receptor-positive . Izi zikutanthauza kuti mahomoni monga estrogen m'matupi awo amalimbikitsa kukula kwa maselo a khansa. Taganizirani izi motere: mahomoni ali ngati kiyi, ndipo cholandirira pa selo ya khansa chili ngati loko. Mukayika kiyi, loko limatseguka ndipo khansa imakula.
Kotero chomwe mankhwala a mahomoni amenewa amachita ndikuletsa kupanga kiyi (hormone), kapena kuiletsa kuti isalowe mu loko. Mitundu yayikulu ya mankhwala operekedwa pa izi ndi:
- "Tamoxifen"
- Mankhwala oletsa Aromatase (kwa akazi omwe asiya kusamba) - Zitsanzo: Anastrozole (Arimidex), Exemestane (Aromasin)
- Mankhwala monga ``Fulvestrant (Faslodex)`` omwe amaletsa ma hormone receptors.
Nthawi zina, kuchotsa mazira m'mimba mwa amayi omwe sanathe kusamba kumalimbikitsidwa ndi opaleshoni, chifukwa ndi njira yabwino yoletsera kupanga mahomoni omwe amathandiza khansa kukula.
Chithandizo Cholunjika
Uwu ndi mankhwala atsopano komanso othandiza kwambiri. M'malo mowononga maselo athanzi monga chemotherapy, umalimbana ndi mapuloteni kapena majini enaake omwe amapezeka m'maselo a khansa okha . Izi zimapangitsa kuti pasakhale zotsatirapo zoyipa zambiri.
Pafupifupi 20% ya akazi omwe ali ndi khansa ya m'mawere amakhala ndi puloteni yochuluka yotchedwa `HER2`. Izi zimapangitsa kuti khansa ifalikire mofulumira. Pa khansa ya `HER2-positive` iyi, mankhwala monga `Trastuzumab (Herceptin)` amaperekedwa. Imaletsa puloteni ya `HER2` kugwira ntchito ndipo imalamulira kukula kwa maselo a khansa.
Kumbukirani, gawo lachinayi silikutanthauza kutha kwa chithandizo. Ino ndi nthawi yoti muganizire kwambiri za chithandizo chomwe chimathandiza kuwongolera matendawa ndikusunga moyo wabwino.
Tiyeni tiwone mitundu ina ya mankhwala ochizira omwe ali mu tebulo ili m'munsimu.
| Mtundu wa chithandizo cholunjika | Cholinga ndi ntchito | Mabokosi ogwiritsira ntchito |
|---|---|---|
| Zoletsa za CDK4/6 | Amaletsa mapuloteni otchedwa CDK ndipo amalamulira kugawikana kwa maselo a khansa. Mwachitsanzo: Palbociclib (Ibrance), Ribociclib (Kisqali) | Kwa khansa ya hormone receptor-positive ndi HER2-negative. |
| Zoletsa za PARP | Amayang'ana puloteni ya PARP, yomwe imathandiza maselo a khansa kukula. Mwachitsanzo: Olaparib (Lynparza) | Kwa khansa zomwe zili ndi HER2-negative ndipo zili ndi kusintha kwa majini a BRCA. |
| Zoletsa za mTOR | Amaletsa puloteni ya mTOR ndikuletsa kukula ndi kufalikira kwa maselo a khansa. Mwachitsanzo: Everolimus (Afinitor) | Ndi mankhwala a mahomoni a mitundu ina ya khansa. |
| Mankhwala oletsa ma antibodies amalumikizana | Mankhwala a chemo amamangiriridwa ku antibody, yomwe imatumiza mankhwalawa mwachindunji ku selo ya khansa ndikuiwononga. Chitsanzo: Sacituzumab govitecan (Trodelvy) | Kwa khansa ya m'mawere yopita patsogolo. |
Chithandizo cha Immunotherapy
Uwu ndi mankhwala apamwamba kwambiri. M'malo mopereka mankhwala ochokera kunja kuti aphe khansa, umalimbikitsa chitetezo cha mthupi lanu kuti chipeze ndikuwononga maselo a khansa. Maselo ena a khansa amadziwa momwe angabisire chitetezo cha mthupi. Choncho mankhwala amenewa amaletsa njira zobisalirazo ndipo amalola maselo a chitetezo cha mthupi kuzindikira khansa.
Opaleshoni ndi Kutulutsa Ma radiation
Monga tanenera kale, izi sizigwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chithandizo chachikulu panthawiyi. Komabe, ngati pali ululu waukulu pamalo pomwe khansa yafalikira, mwachitsanzo m'fupa, chithandizo cha radiation chimaperekedwa kuti chichepetse ululu ndi zizindikiro zina . Komanso, opaleshoni ingachitike pokhapokha ngati pakufunika kuwongolera zovuta zilizonse.
Mfundo zina zofunika
- Kusamalira zotsatira zoyipa: Mankhwala onsewa akhoza kukhala ndi zotsatirapo zoyipa, monga nseru, kusanza, ndi kutopa. Koma pali mankhwala omwe alipo kuti athetse vutoli. Choncho uzani dokotala wanu za vuto lililonse lomwe mukumva.
- Mayeso a Zachipatala: Nthawi zina, mungatenge nawo mbali mu 'Mayeso a Zachipatala', omwe amayesa mankhwala atsopano omwe sanagwiritsidwe ntchito kwambiri. Izi zingakupatseni mwayi wolandira chithandizo chamakono. Funsani dokotala wanu za izi.
Ulendo uwu si ulendo womwe mumadutsa nokha. Banja lanu, abwenzi, madokotala, anamwino, ndi gulu lonse la madokotala ali nanu. Pezani chithandizo chawo. Gawani malingaliro anu. Zidzakhala mphamvu zazikulu kuti mupirire nthawi yovutayi.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Khansa ya m'mawere ya Gawo lachinayi imatanthauza kuti khansayo yafalikira ku ziwalo zina za thupi.
- Cholinga chachikulu cha chithandizo pa nthawiyi si kuchiza matendawa kwathunthu, koma kuwongolera khansa, kuchepetsa zizindikiro, ndikuwonjezera moyo ndi moyo wabwino.
- Mankhwala a chemotherapy, mankhwala a mahomoni, mankhwala ochizira matenda, ndi immunotherapy ndi njira zazikulu zochizira.
- Dokotala wanu adzakupatsani chithandizo choyenera kwambiri kutengera mtundu wa khansa yanu (monga HER2-positive kapena hormone receptor).
- Palinso mankhwala oletsa zotsatirapo zoyipa zomwe zingachitike chifukwa cha chithandizo, choncho lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za vuto lililonse lomwe mungakhale nalo.
- Ndikofunikira kwambiri kukhala olimba m'maganizo ndikupempha thandizo kuchokera kwa achibale ndi gulu lachipatala.
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