N'zovuta kufotokoza m'mawu zomwe mumamva dokotala wanu akakuuzani kuti muli ndi khansa ya m'mawere. Koma zimakhala zovuta kwambiri dokotala wanu akagwiritsa ntchito mawu monga "Gawo 2" ndi "Giredi 3." Kodi magawo ndi magiredi awa amatanthauza chiyani kwenikweni? Kudziwa izi kudzakuthandizani kukhala olimba m'maganizo ndikupanga zisankho zoyenera zokhudza chithandizo chanu. Choncho tiyeni tikambirane izi popanda mantha, mwachidule komanso momveka bwino.
Kodi kusiyana pakati pa Gawo ndi Giredi ndi kotani?
Ngakhale kuti mawu awiriwa amamveka chimodzimodzi mukamva, kwenikweni amatanthauza zinthu ziwiri.
- Gawo la Khansa: Mwachidule, 'gawo' la khansa limatanthauza momwe khansa yafalikira m'thupi . Monga mizu ya mtengo, imayang'ana momwe khansa yafalikira kuchokera ku bere, komanso ngati yafalikira ku ma lymph nodes apafupi kapena ziwalo zina.
- Gawo la Khansa: 'Giredi' ya khansa imatanthauza momwe maselo a khansa alili amphamvu . Izi zikutanthauza kuti amasiyana bwanji ndi maselo athanzi pansi pa maikulosikopu, komanso momwe amagawikirana ndikufalikira mwachangu.
Zinthu zonsezi ndizofunikira kwambiri kuti dokotala akusankhireni chithandizo chabwino kwambiri.
Dziwani magawo a khansa ya m'mawere
Magawo a khansa ya m'mawere nthawi zambiri amawerengedwa kuyambira 0 mpaka 4. Chiwerengero chikachepa, khansayo imafalikira pang'ono.
- Gawo 0: Iyi ndi gawo loyambirira kwambiri. Maselo a khansa ali mkati mwa ducts za mkaka. Sanafalikire kunja. Izi zimatchedwanso `(Ductal Carcinoma In Situ - DCIS)`. Ili ndi vuto lochiritsika kwambiri.
- Gawo Loyamba: Apa ndi pomwe khansa yafalikira mpaka minofu ya bere yathanzi. Koma chotupacho chikadali chaching'ono (mwina kukula kwa mtedza) ndipo khansayo imangokhala pa bere ndi ma lymph nodes ochepa apafupi. Khansa pa siteji iyi imachiritsidwanso kwambiri .
- Gawo Lachiwiri: Chotupacho ndi chachikulu pang'ono (mwina kukula kwa mandimu), kapena chafalikira ku ma lymph nodes omwe ali m'khwapa, koma khansayo ikadali m'dera la bere lokha.
- Gawo Lachitatu: Iyi ndi khansa yomwe timaitcha kuti "yomwe yakula kwambiri m'deralo". Pano, khansayo yafalikira mpaka pakhoma la pachifuwa kapena pakhungu, ndipo mwina yafalikira mpaka ku ma lymph nodes angapo. Koma chofunika kwambiri ndichakuti sinafalikire ku ziwalo zakutali monga chiwindi kapena mapapo. Ndi chithandizo choyenera, anthu ambiri atha kuwongolera khansayo pagawoli ndikuchira.
- Gawo Lachinayi:Iyi ndi gawo lopita patsogolo kwambiri. Apa khansa yafalikira kupitirira bere kupita ku ziwalo zakutali, monga mafupa, mapapo, chiwindi kapena ubongo . Timatchanso khansa ya 'metastatic'. Ngakhale gawoli ndi lovuta kuchiritsa kwathunthu, mankhwala apamwamba amakono amatha kuwongolera kukula kwa khansa, kuchepetsa zizindikiro ndikulola anthu ambiri kukhala ndi moyo wabwino kwa miyezi ingapo, nthawi zina zaka .
Kuyeza khansa ndi mayeso ena ofunikira
Kuchuluka kwa khansa kumatsimikiziridwa pofufuza maselo a khansa omwe apezeka kudzera mu opaleshoni kapena biopsy pansi pa maikulosikopu.
| Giredi | Tanthauzo |
|---|---|
| Giredi 1 | Maselo a khansa amafanana kwambiri ndi maselo athanzi. Amakula pang'onopang'ono ndipo amafalikira pang'onopang'ono. |
| Giredi 2 | Maselo a khansa ndi osiyana pang'ono ndi maselo athanzi. Amakula pang'onopang'ono. |
| Giredi 3 | Maselo a khansa ndi osiyana kwambiri ndi maselo athanzi. Amakula ndi kufalikira mofulumira. |
Ma Hormone Receptors ndi HER2 Status
Iyi ndi njira ina yoyesera yomwe ndi yofunika kwambiri podziwa chithandizo.
- Mkhalidwe wa ER/PR: Maselo ena a khansa ya m'mawere amafunika mahomoni achikazi otchedwa `Estrogen (ETU) ` ndi `Progesterone (PR)` kuti awathandize kukula. Maselo anu a khansa adzayesedwa kuti awone ngati ali ndi ma receptors omwe amayankha mahomoni awa. Ngati ali ndi matendawa, adzakhala `ER-positive` kapena `PR-positive`. Chithandizo cha mahomoni chingakhale chothandiza kwambiri kwa anthu otere.
- Mkhalidwe wa HER2: `HER2` ndi puloteni yomwe imafulumizitsa kukula kwa maselo a khansa. Ngati khansa yanu imatulutsa puloteni ya `HER2` yambiri, imakhala ndi `HER2-positive`. Pali njira zosiyanasiyana zochizira izi.
- Kansa ya m'mawere yokhala ndi zotsatira zitatu zoipa: Ngati khansa ili ndi zotsatira zitatu zoipa: ER, PR, ndi HER2, timaitcha kuti ``Kansa ya m'mawere yokhala ndi zotsatira zitatu zoipa.`` Njira zochiritsira zimasiyana pa izi.
Mwa kusonkhanitsa zonsezi, dokotalayo adzapanga dongosolo la chithandizo lomwe likukuyenererani ndipo lidzakupatsani zotsatira zabwino kwambiri.
Kodi dongosolo la TNM ili ndi chiyani?
Njira ina yofotokozera bwino yomwe madokotala amagwiritsa ntchito podziwa bwino gawo la khansa imatchedwa ``TNM Staging System``. Zilembo zomwe zili mu dongosololi zimatanthauza izi.
| Kalata | Tanthauzo | Kufotokozera kosavuta |
|---|---|---|
| T (Chotupa) | Chipatso chachikulu | Kodi chotupacho ndi chachikulu bwanji? Kaya chafalikira pakhungu kapena pakhoma la pachifuwa chikuwonetsedwa ndi chilembo T chotsatiridwa ndi nambala (T1, T2...). Chiwerengerocho chikakhala chachikulu, chotupacho chimakhala chachikulu. |
| N (Ma Node) | Ma lymph nodes | Kodi yafalikira ku ma lymph nodes apafupi? Kukula kwa kufalikira kwa matendawa kumawonetsedwa ndi chilembo N ndi nambala (N0, N1...). N0 imatanthauza kuti sinafalikire. |
| M (Kufalikira kwa Matenda) | Kufalikira kwakutali | Chilembo M chimasonyeza ngati khansa yafalikira ku ziwalo zakutali (monga mafupa kapena mapapo) (kufalikira kwa maselo). M0 imatanthauza kuti palibe kufalikira kwakutali. M1 imatanthauza kuti yafalikira. |
Musaope kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe adzapulumuke.
Mukayang'ana pa intaneti, muwona ziwerengero monga "chiwerengero cha kupulumuka kwa zaka 5." Ndizachilendo kuchita mantha mukaona ziwerengerozi. Koma chonde kumbukirani, izi ndi ziwerengero chabe zochokera pa zikwizikwi za deta ya odwala.
Palibe amene anganene zomwe zidzakuchitikireni. Zotsatira zanu zimatha kusiyana malinga ndi zinthu zambiri, kuphatikizapo zaka zanu, thanzi lanu lonse, komanso momwe mumayankhira chithandizo. Chinanso n'chakuti, ziwerengerozi zimachokera ku mbiri yakale. Manambalawa akusintha nthawi zonse kukhala abwino pamene mankhwala atsopano akupezeka.
Choncho musasangalale kwambiri ndi ziwerengerozi. Munthu wabwino kwambiri wodziwa momwe zinthuzi zikugwirizanira ndi vuto lanu ndi dokotala wanu. Lankhulani naye momasuka za izi.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Gawo la khansa likutiuza momwe yafalikira. Gawoli likutiuza momwe maselo a khansa alili amphamvu.
- Kudziwa siteji, giredi, ndi zina (ER, PR, HER2) za khansa yanu kungakuthandizeni kusankha chithandizo choyenera komanso chothandiza kwambiri kwa inu.
- Ngakhale mu magawo apamwamba monga gawo lachitatu, pali mwayi wabwino wochira ndi chithandizo choyenera. Ngakhale mu gawo lachinayi, mankhwala amakono angakuthandizeni kukhala ndi moyo wabwino kwa zaka zambiri pamene mukulamulira matendawa.
- Ziwerengero (Mitengo Yopulumuka) zomwe mumaziona pa intaneti ndi zapakati chabe. Mwina sizingagwire ntchito pa moyo wanu. Choncho musawaope.
- Kambiranani momasuka ndi dokotala wanu za mafunso kapena nkhawa zilizonse zomwe mungakhale nazo. Ndinu membala wofunika kwambiri m'gulu lanu lazachipatala. Kukambirana izi ndi banja lanu ndi anzanu kudzakuthandizaninso kukhala ndi chidaliro.
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